In this work, we proposed a compact design of a tunable high-pass filter based on the one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. The device design is simple and cut-off wavelength can be tuned by a few geometric parameters. The spectral characteristics of the high-pass filter are calculated for the wavelength range of 1200 nm to 2000 nm. The numerical simulations suggest that the extinction ratio of >22 dB is obtained for the wavelength range lying in the photonic bandgap for the device footprint of 3.4 x 1 μm2. We believe that our findings are useful for the realization of photonic integrated circuit filters with miniaturized footprint.
{"title":"Compact design of a tunable high-pass filter based on one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide","authors":"M. A. Butt, S. Fomchenkov","doi":"10.1117/12.2591784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2591784","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we proposed a compact design of a tunable high-pass filter based on the one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. The device design is simple and cut-off wavelength can be tuned by a few geometric parameters. The spectral characteristics of the high-pass filter are calculated for the wavelength range of 1200 nm to 2000 nm. The numerical simulations suggest that the extinction ratio of >22 dB is obtained for the wavelength range lying in the photonic bandgap for the device footprint of 3.4 x 1 μm2. We believe that our findings are useful for the realization of photonic integrated circuit filters with miniaturized footprint.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133777978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Lipatnikov, A. Kuznetsov, P. E. Denisenko, Andrey D. Proskuryakov
The paper presents the concept of liquid media level control systems based on the use of fiber-optic technologies, in particular, addressable fiber Bragg structures. The paper presents methods for the formation of address structures and the principles of retrieving and processing information. The use of addressable fiber Bragg structures makes it possible to abandon the elements of bulk optics in the interrogation scheme, which increases the operational reliability, and simplifies the identification of the sensor in their common array in the measuring system.
{"title":"The concept of constructing liquid level control systems based on addressable fiber Bragg structures","authors":"K. Lipatnikov, A. Kuznetsov, P. E. Denisenko, Andrey D. Proskuryakov","doi":"10.1117/12.2593198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593198","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the concept of liquid media level control systems based on the use of fiber-optic technologies, in particular, addressable fiber Bragg structures. The paper presents methods for the formation of address structures and the principles of retrieving and processing information. The use of addressable fiber Bragg structures makes it possible to abandon the elements of bulk optics in the interrogation scheme, which increases the operational reliability, and simplifies the identification of the sensor in their common array in the measuring system.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124768731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is presented the simple analytical formula for calculating the nonlinear coupling coefficient between modes with arbitrary radial and azimuthal orders for multimode optical fiber. The solution is obtained by a well-known method of Gauss approximation. For example, the present work shows the spectral dependencies of nonlinear coupling coefficients for some low-order modes of optical fibers with step and parabolic refractive index profile.
{"title":"The analytical formula for estimating a nonlinear coupling of optical fiber modes","authors":"V. Burdin, A. Bourdine, Eugenia Y. Eremchuk","doi":"10.1117/12.2593079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593079","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is presented the simple analytical formula for calculating the nonlinear coupling coefficient between modes with arbitrary radial and azimuthal orders for multimode optical fiber. The solution is obtained by a well-known method of Gauss approximation. For example, the present work shows the spectral dependencies of nonlinear coupling coefficients for some low-order modes of optical fibers with step and parabolic refractive index profile.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125994435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Vinogradova, A. Salikhov, I. Meshkov, A. Gizatulin, A. Sultanov, V. Bagmanov, V. Zhitnikov
In this article the principle of instrumental (experimental) determination of the parameters of mode compositions of an optical signal propagating along an optical fiber is described. The measurement scheme is based on the use of a wellknown experimental setup designed to obtain the profile of the refractive index of an optical fiber. In addition to that setup, it is proposed to perform measurements for different angular positions of the investigated optical fiber, and for its different longitudinal positions. The proposed method is realizable in the case when the signal propagating through the optical fiber is characterized by increased intensity, which makes it possible to measure a nonlinear (Kerr) caused addition to the refractive index. It is proposed to calculate the desired mode weight coefficients by the method of probabilistic selection according to the developed method.
{"title":"Method of non-destructive instrumental analysis of mode compositions and vortex signals in guiding structures","authors":"I. Vinogradova, A. Salikhov, I. Meshkov, A. Gizatulin, A. Sultanov, V. Bagmanov, V. Zhitnikov","doi":"10.1117/12.2593039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593039","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the principle of instrumental (experimental) determination of the parameters of mode compositions of an optical signal propagating along an optical fiber is described. The measurement scheme is based on the use of a wellknown experimental setup designed to obtain the profile of the refractive index of an optical fiber. In addition to that setup, it is proposed to perform measurements for different angular positions of the investigated optical fiber, and for its different longitudinal positions. The proposed method is realizable in the case when the signal propagating through the optical fiber is characterized by increased intensity, which makes it possible to measure a nonlinear (Kerr) caused addition to the refractive index. It is proposed to calculate the desired mode weight coefficients by the method of probabilistic selection according to the developed method.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"262 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127545565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigate a wavefront sensor based on the optical expansion of the analyzed field in the basis of Zernike functions using a multichannel diffractive optical element. Correlation peaks at the centers of diffraction orders correspond to the detection of specific aberrations in the analyzed field, and the peak intensity corresponds to the magnitude of the aberration. The analysis of the threshold sensitivity of the considered wavefront aberration sensor is carried out. In a number of numerical experiments, the threshold value of the sensitivity of the sensor under consideration was obtained. It turned out that when analyzing wavefront aberrations, spurious aberrations can be detected when the wavefront deviation exceeds a certain threshold value, and this value varies for each type of aberration.
{"title":"Analysis of the threshold sensitivity of a wavefront aberration sensor based on a multi-channel diffraction optical element","authors":"P. A. Khorin, S. G. Volotovskiy","doi":"10.1117/12.2588188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588188","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate a wavefront sensor based on the optical expansion of the analyzed field in the basis of Zernike functions using a multichannel diffractive optical element. Correlation peaks at the centers of diffraction orders correspond to the detection of specific aberrations in the analyzed field, and the peak intensity corresponds to the magnitude of the aberration. The analysis of the threshold sensitivity of the considered wavefront aberration sensor is carried out. In a number of numerical experiments, the threshold value of the sensitivity of the sensor under consideration was obtained. It turned out that when analyzing wavefront aberrations, spurious aberrations can be detected when the wavefront deviation exceeds a certain threshold value, and this value varies for each type of aberration.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"646 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122957784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bourdine, M. Bylina, A. Evtushenko, T. Nikulina, S. Pashin, E. Zaitseva
This work is concerned with some aspects of selection of graded refractive index profiles for couple combination of optical crypto-fibers “encryptor”–“decryptor”. We present some results of experimental approbation of method for differential mode delay (DMD) management by selection and recombination of two corresponding refractive index profiles, differing by technological defects in the core center. Here it is supposed, that combined fiber optic link, containing the sequence of two graded-index multimode optical fibers with strong DMD, occurring due to great technological defect of refractive index profile in the core center with a peak (or dip) in the first and, on the contrary, with a dip (or peak) in the second, provide inverting DMD diagram of selected mode components in the second optical fiber in relation to the first. Therefore, according to earlier on proposed alternative method for implementation of secure data transmission channel protected over physical layer for the "first/last mile" segment of intra-corporate network, the first optical fiber with strong unique distortions is considered as “encryptor”, while the second with inverted DMD diagram implements function of “decryptor” in the optical interface.
{"title":"Selection of refractive index profiles for couple combination of optical crypto-fibers","authors":"A. Bourdine, M. Bylina, A. Evtushenko, T. Nikulina, S. Pashin, E. Zaitseva","doi":"10.1117/12.2597495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2597495","url":null,"abstract":"This work is concerned with some aspects of selection of graded refractive index profiles for couple combination of optical crypto-fibers “encryptor”–“decryptor”. We present some results of experimental approbation of method for differential mode delay (DMD) management by selection and recombination of two corresponding refractive index profiles, differing by technological defects in the core center. Here it is supposed, that combined fiber optic link, containing the sequence of two graded-index multimode optical fibers with strong DMD, occurring due to great technological defect of refractive index profile in the core center with a peak (or dip) in the first and, on the contrary, with a dip (or peak) in the second, provide inverting DMD diagram of selected mode components in the second optical fiber in relation to the first. Therefore, according to earlier on proposed alternative method for implementation of secure data transmission channel protected over physical layer for the \"first/last mile\" segment of intra-corporate network, the first optical fiber with strong unique distortions is considered as “encryptor”, while the second with inverted DMD diagram implements function of “decryptor” in the optical interface.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127725699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The estimation of the offset, angle rotation, and other deformation of multidimensional optical video signals is an important task at intelligence video systems. One of the main tasks for estimation of the multidimensional signal deformation is increasing the speed of data processing. The television signals characterized a significant volume of data. This property is a constraint for applying brute force methods. Those methods are the universal solution for estimating unknown parameters of the parametric model. This research describes the issue of measurement offset, rotation, and scale with additive and multiplicative noise for spatial-temporal superposition of television images. The reduction of time processing is provided by the iteration procedure of unknown parameters estimation. This procedure consists of approximation by separate estimate offsets, scale, and rotates.
{"title":"Multidimensional optical video signals superposition for measurement offset, rotation angle, and scale with additive and multiplicative noise","authors":"R. Diyazitdinov, N. Vasin","doi":"10.1117/12.2592693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2592693","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of the offset, angle rotation, and other deformation of multidimensional optical video signals is an important task at intelligence video systems. One of the main tasks for estimation of the multidimensional signal deformation is increasing the speed of data processing. The television signals characterized a significant volume of data. This property is a constraint for applying brute force methods. Those methods are the universal solution for estimating unknown parameters of the parametric model. This research describes the issue of measurement offset, rotation, and scale with additive and multiplicative noise for spatial-temporal superposition of television images. The reduction of time processing is provided by the iteration procedure of unknown parameters estimation. This procedure consists of approximation by separate estimate offsets, scale, and rotates.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"443 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116068938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diffractive optical elements for the formation of laser beams with intensity distributions in the form of ring light traps with zero total orbital angular momentum are considered and studied by means of a computational experiment. The beams are formed as a superposition of two vortex beams with the same magnitude but different sign orbital angular momentum by encoding multilevel diffractive optical elements (256 quantization levels) in polar angle. The considered elements form an intensity distribution in the form of spots located in the same places where the light rings are located in the initial vortex beams. Such beams can possess all the properties of vortex beams when propagating in the atmosphere, for example, increased stability to aerosol noise.
{"title":"Superposition of vortex light beams for atmospheric communication, formed by azimuthal diffractive optical elements","authors":"S. Ganchevskaya","doi":"10.1117/12.2593191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593191","url":null,"abstract":"Diffractive optical elements for the formation of laser beams with intensity distributions in the form of ring light traps with zero total orbital angular momentum are considered and studied by means of a computational experiment. The beams are formed as a superposition of two vortex beams with the same magnitude but different sign orbital angular momentum by encoding multilevel diffractive optical elements (256 quantization levels) in polar angle. The considered elements form an intensity distribution in the form of spots located in the same places where the light rings are located in the initial vortex beams. Such beams can possess all the properties of vortex beams when propagating in the atmosphere, for example, increased stability to aerosol noise.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114364798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The investigation of the change in the size of the focal spot when laser radiation with radial and circular polarizations passes through a diffractive axicon and an optical element matched to the circular Airy distribution is carried out. The height of the optical elements was varied from 0.5λ to 1.5λ. Near-field diffraction modeling is numerically investigated by the finite difference time domain method. The formation of a thin light tip was shown for both of the considered elements, including for the longitudinal component of the electric field with a laser beam width up to FWHM = 0.36λ.
{"title":"The investigation of focusing of cylindrically polarized beams with the variable height of optical elements using high-performance computer systems","authors":"D. Savelyev","doi":"10.1117/12.2591993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2591993","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of the change in the size of the focal spot when laser radiation with radial and circular polarizations passes through a diffractive axicon and an optical element matched to the circular Airy distribution is carried out. The height of the optical elements was varied from 0.5λ to 1.5λ. Near-field diffraction modeling is numerically investigated by the finite difference time domain method. The formation of a thin light tip was shown for both of the considered elements, including for the longitudinal component of the electric field with a laser beam width up to FWHM = 0.36λ.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"11793 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130526304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem with existing flow meters is a relatively high measurement error, which is associated with a lack of information on the flow profile. In order to create a reference device that makes it possible to study the flow profile due to a larger number of sensors, with bore size 50 mm primary transducer with fourteen channels is developing and manufacturing. This device can provide more accurate results due to the use of multiple channels of ultrasonic signal passage, which makes it possible to calculate large time points along the entire section of the pipe, as well as the ability to visualize the flow profile. In the course of the work, a 3D model of the primary transducer was developed in accordance with the requirements and conditions for the passage of ultrasound through a liquid medium, when it was necessary to take into account the simultaneous operation of several channels at once, taking into account the fact that the paths of ultrasound passage should not intersect. Processing several signals at once becomes possible, since five TDC microcontrollers will be used for all channels.
{"title":"Development of an ultrasonic fourteen channel flowmeter for visualization of the flow profile","authors":"V. S. But, A. Kobelev, E. S. Karlin, S. Karpeev","doi":"10.1117/12.2593035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2593035","url":null,"abstract":"The problem with existing flow meters is a relatively high measurement error, which is associated with a lack of information on the flow profile. In order to create a reference device that makes it possible to study the flow profile due to a larger number of sensors, with bore size 50 mm primary transducer with fourteen channels is developing and manufacturing. This device can provide more accurate results due to the use of multiple channels of ultrasonic signal passage, which makes it possible to calculate large time points along the entire section of the pipe, as well as the ability to visualize the flow profile. In the course of the work, a 3D model of the primary transducer was developed in accordance with the requirements and conditions for the passage of ultrasound through a liquid medium, when it was necessary to take into account the simultaneous operation of several channels at once, taking into account the fact that the paths of ultrasound passage should not intersect. Processing several signals at once becomes possible, since five TDC microcontrollers will be used for all channels.","PeriodicalId":424251,"journal":{"name":"Optical Technologies for Telecommunications","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114150845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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