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Critical Perspectives on Disability Documentation in Higher Education: Current Trends and Observations 高等教育中残疾文献的批判性观点:当前趋势和观察
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18666/ldmj-2021-v26-i2-10857
Manju Banerjee, Adam R. Lalor
The role of disability documentation in establishing eligibility for disability status, student support services, and accommodations in higher education has waxed and waned in the last two decades. At one time, referral for evaluation and the resulting disability documentation were essential prerequisites in establishing postsecondary accommodations. Appropriate documentation describing the disability resulted in legal protections (National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities, 2007). Without this documentation, individuals were ineligible for a host of work-related and educational accommodations and support services. But now legal, research-based, and educational perspectives are informing a new approach to the use and importance of disability documentation. This article presents critical and differing perspectives which build on observed trends and practices in disability documentation requirements and accommodation decision-making.
在过去的二十年里,残疾文件在确定残疾资格、学生支持服务和高等教育住宿方面的作用起起落落。曾几何时,转介评估和由此产生的残疾文件是建立中学后住宿的必要先决条件。描述残疾的适当文件导致法律保护(国家学习障碍联合委员会,2007年)。没有这些文件,个人就没有资格获得许多与工作有关的教育住宿和支持服务。但是现在,法律的、基于研究的和教育的观点正在为残疾文件的使用和重要性提供一种新的方法。本文提出了基于观察到的趋势和实践的关键和不同的观点,这些趋势和实践建立在残疾人文件要求和住宿决策方面。
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引用次数: 1
Non-Burdensome Process: An Argument in Support of Reframing What Constitutes Necessary Disability Documentation 非繁琐的过程:支持重新定义必要的残疾文档的论据
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.18666/ldmj-2021-v26-i2-11112
Jamie Axelrod, Adam H. Meyer, Julie Alexander, Enjie Hall, Kristie Orr
Institutions of higher education and their respective disability offices have been challenged with determining how to apply the 2008 Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA) in our present-day work settings. Prior to the amendments, third-party documentation was considered essential almost to the point of being non-negotiable in need for most disability offices to facilitate accommodations for disabled students (The authors have made an intentional choice to utilize identity-first language to challenge negative connotations associated with the term disability and highlight the role that inaccessible systems and environments play in disabling people). The ADAAA questioned this mindset. Students with disabilities often found (and still find) themselves burdened financially and procedurally by disability offices requiring documentation to the point where students may not receive the access they truly need. Furthermore, college campuses are increasingly focusing on the limitations of the environment and not the person. As a result of this evolution, the Association on Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD) offered a new framework in 2012 describing how to define documentation. For professionals in the higher education disability field and for those invested in this work, it is critical to grasp the evolving understanding of what constitutes documentation and necessary information to make disability accommodation decisions. Otherwise, disabiled students may be further excluded from higher education access.
高等教育机构和他们各自的残疾人办公室面临着如何在我们当前的工作环境中应用2008年《美国残疾人法案修正案》(ADAAA)的挑战。在修正案之前,第三方文件被认为是必不可少的,几乎到了大多数残疾办公室为残疾学生提供便利的地步(作者有意选择使用身份优先的语言来挑战与残疾一词相关的负面含义,并强调无障碍系统和环境在残疾人中所起的作用)。ADAAA质疑这种思维方式。残疾学生经常发现(并且仍然发现)自己在经济上和程序上负担沉重,因为残疾办公室要求提供文件,以至于学生可能无法获得他们真正需要的访问权限。此外,大学校园越来越关注环境的限制,而不是人。作为这种演变的结果,高等教育和残疾协会(AHEAD)在2012年提供了一个描述如何定义文档的新框架。对于高等教育残疾领域的专业人士和从事这项工作的人来说,掌握对什么是文件和必要信息的不断发展的理解是至关重要的,以便做出残疾住宿决定。否则,残疾学生可能会进一步被排除在高等教育之外。
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引用次数: 2
Use of Cognitive Apprenticeship Models of Instruction to Support Middle School Students’ Construction and Critique of Written Scientific Explanations and Arguments 运用认知学徒教学模式支持中学生对书面科学解释与论证的建构与批判
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18666/LDMJ-2021-V26-I1-10380
D. Levin, S. D. L. Paz, Yewon Lee, Esther Nadal Escola
Writing in science can be challenging for secondary students, particularly for those with learning disabilities, students who are English learners (EL), and students who struggle with literacy due to other cognitive, language-based, or motivational learning difficulties (i.e., at risk or struggling learners). Moreover, science teachers are generally not equipped to support students’ writing in ways that are authentic to science. Despite being described more than 30 years ago, the field lacks information on cognitive apprenticeships that focus on disciplinary literacy, especially in science. In this paper, we take up these challenges and describe two intervention programs with middle school teachers and their students, focusing on the scientific practices of explanation and argumentation. We describe efforts to support students’ written construction and critique of explanations and arguments, and suggest ways that general and special educators can support students’ engagement in scientific practices through writing. Subscribe to LDMJ
对于中学生来说,科学写作可能具有挑战性,特别是对于那些有学习障碍的学生、英语学习者(EL)以及由于其他认知、语言或动机学习困难而在读写方面遇到困难的学生(即有风险或困难的学习者)。此外,科学教师通常不具备以真实的科学方式支持学生写作的能力。尽管这个领域在30多年前就被描述过,但它缺乏关于专注于学科素养(尤其是科学素养)的认知学徒制的信息。在本文中,我们针对这些挑战,描述了两个针对中学教师和学生的干预方案,重点是解释和论证的科学实践。我们描述了支持学生书面建构和批评解释和论点的努力,并提出了普通和特殊教育工作者可以通过写作支持学生参与科学实践的方法。订阅LDMJ
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引用次数: 3
Smartpens: Note-Taking Technology for Students with Learning Disabilities 智能笔:为有学习障碍的学生提供的记笔记技术
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18666/LDMJ-2021-V26-I1-10363
Joseph R. Boyle, Rachel Joyce
For students with learning disabilities (SWLD), note-taking during lectures and discussions is a cognitively demanding task. The multitasking elements of recording verbal information and the temporal nature of a verbal lecture make it difficult for SWLD to record notes effectively. Smartpens are new technology that can help students to become better note takers by storing verbal lecture information and syncing it up later when students amend their notes. This article provides an overview of the research on smartpens, including two smartpen strategies that improved the note taking of SWLD, and tips for teachers about how to use these strategies in the classroom. Subscribe to LDMJ
对于有学习障碍(SWLD)的学生来说,在讲座和讨论中做笔记是一项认知要求很高的任务。记录口头信息的多任务元素和口头讲座的时间性质使得SWLD很难有效地记录笔记。智能笔是一种新技术,它可以存储口头讲座信息,并在学生修改笔记时同步,从而帮助学生成为更好的记笔记者。本文概述了智能笔的研究,包括两种提高SWLD笔记记录能力的智能笔策略,以及教师如何在课堂上使用这些策略的建议。订阅LDMJ
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引用次数: 1
Virtual Manipulatives for Teaching Algebra: A Research-to-Practice Guide for Secondary Students with a Learning Disability 代数教学的虚拟教具:学习障碍中学生的研究到实践指南
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18666/LDMJ-2021-V26-I1-10349
Rajiv Satsangi, Alexandra R. Raines, Kaitlynn Fraze
Many forms of assistive and instructional technology exist to support secondary students in mathematics education. Classroom technology provides particular benefits to students who frequently struggle learning academic content such as procedural and conceptual skills in algebra. One tool studied in mathematics to support the needs of students with or at-risk for a mathematics learning disability is virtual manipulatives. Research shows virtual manipulatives support cognition by providing visual representations of mathematical concepts and are an age appropriate technology solution for secondary students that promote autonomy inside and beyond the classroom setting. The aim of this article is to highlight research on virtual manipulatives for secondary students with a learning disability in mathematics and discuss techniques for teachers to incorporate these tools into their classrooms to support students. Subscribe to LDMJ
存在多种形式的辅助和教学技术来支持中学生的数学教育。课堂技术为那些经常在学习学术内容(如代数中的程序和概念技能)方面遇到困难的学生提供了特别的好处。在数学中,有一种工具被研究用来支持有数学学习障碍或有数学学习障碍风险的学生的需要,那就是虚拟教具。研究表明,虚拟教具通过提供数学概念的视觉表征来支持认知,是一种适合中学生年龄的技术解决方案,可以促进课堂内外的自主性。本文的目的是强调对有数学学习障碍的中学生的虚拟教具的研究,并讨论教师将这些工具纳入课堂以支持学生的技术。订阅LDMJ
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引用次数: 1
Instructional Practices to Boost Tier 1 Content Area Instruction for Students with Disabilities: A Closer Look at PACT 促进残疾学生一级教学领域教学的教学实践:PACT的深入研究
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18666/LDMJ-2021-V26-I1-10362
Elizabeth A. Swanson, Alexis N. Boucher
For students with learning disabilities, providing text-based instruction in general education content area classes can provide students with additional reading support while simultaneously boosting their content knowledge. This article will outline a set of instructional practices delivered in social studies classes that has been shown to improve performance of eighth grade students with disabilities on measures of content knowledge, vocabulary, and content reading comprehension. Each instructional practice will be described in detail with a timeline of step-by-step procedures and accompanying language that demonstrates how the intervention may unfold in the classroom setting. Subscribe to LDMJ
对于有学习障碍的学生,在通识教育内容领域的课堂上提供基于文本的教学,可以为学生提供额外的阅读支持,同时提高他们的内容知识。本文将概述一套在社会研究课程中传授的教学实践,这些实践已被证明可以提高八年级残疾学生在内容知识、词汇和内容阅读理解方面的表现。每个教学实践都将被详细描述,并附有一步一步的时间表和相关语言,以演示干预如何在课堂环境中展开。订阅LDMJ
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引用次数: 1
Resolving Commas Confusion: Erasing Comma Miscues and Promoting Sentence Writing at the Same Time 解决逗号混淆:消除逗号错误,同时促进句子写作
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18666/LDMJ-2021-V26-I1-10372
J. B. Schumaker, Joseph B. Fisher
Multimedia software programs have been developed and empirically validated for teaching secondary students with learning disabilities new skills and strategies. Some of them can be appropriately put into practice in general education classes in which diverse groups of students are enrolled. One of them, the Commas Strategies Program (Schumaker & Sheldon, 2009), is featured in this article. Because comma skills are specified in national and state standards, all students are required to learn them. The Commas Strategies Program can be used to ensure that all students learn these skills. This article describes the previous research associated with the program and the components of the program. It also describes the features of the program that were specifically designed to ensure that diverse classes of students will learn from it. Further, it describes procedures teachers can follow to put the program into practice and ensure student learning. Enrichment activities that can also be used associated with the software program are suggested. Subscribe to LDMJ
多媒体软件程序已被开发和经验验证,以教有学习障碍的中学生新的技能和策略。其中一些可以适当地在招收不同学生群体的通识教育班级中实施。其中之一,逗号策略程序(Schumaker & Sheldon, 2009),是本文的特色。因为逗号的用法在国家和州标准中都有规定,所以所有的学生都必须学习。逗号策略程序可以用来确保所有的学生学习这些技能。本文描述了与该程序相关的先前研究以及该程序的组成部分。它还描述了该计划的特点,这些特点是专门设计的,以确保不同班级的学生都能从中学习。此外,它描述了教师可以遵循的程序,将程序付诸实践,确保学生学习。还建议使用与软件程序相关的浓缩活动。订阅LDMJ
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引用次数: 0
Lessons From Research for Implementing An Instructional Accommodations Model in Secondary Inclusion 二级包容教学辅助模式实施研究的启示
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.18666/LDMJ-2021-V26-I1-10407
David Scanlon, Allison C. Nannemann, Diana Baker
Inclusion teachers at the secondary level need research-based guidance on how to support students with disabilities using accommodations in the classroom. A team of general education and special education teachers developed a model for planning, implementing, and monitoring instructional accommodations. The model calls for students’ active engagement. Findings from two studies on students with high incidence disabilities learning a strategy for “self-accommodating” inform on how general educators and special educators can implement the Secondary Classroom Accommodations Model with active student involvement. Subscribe to LDMJ
中学阶段的包容性教师需要以研究为基础的指导,指导他们如何利用课堂上的便利设施来支持残疾学生。一个由通识教育和特殊教育教师组成的团队开发了一个规划、实施和监控教学设施的模型。这种模式要求学生积极参与。两项关于高发残疾学生学习“自我适应”策略的研究结果为普通教育工作者和特殊教育工作者如何在学生积极参与的情况下实施中学课堂适应模式提供了信息。订阅LDMJ
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引用次数: 0
Positioning and Motivation: A Discourse Analysis of Classroom Interactions between Teacher and Students with Disabilities 定位与动机:残障师生课堂互动的话语分析
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.18666/ldmj-2020-v25-i2-10310
Min Wang, Rebecca Louick
Discourse analysis was utilized to bring attention to interactional moves made by students with learning disabilities (LD) and/or emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD), and their teacher, that impacted students’ positioning and motivation for classroom participation. This study built on prior research on positioning (Davies & Harre, 1990) through interactive talk to understand how the teacher and his students positioned themselves and others, and how positioning interacted with the classroom dynamics that were displayed through (non)participation in and across communities of practice. Findings reveal that the teacher’s reflexive positioning as caring, considerate, skillful, and patient, as well as the interactive positioning of his students as community members who deserved patience and attention, promoted interactive talks and stimulated students’ motivation for engagement in classroom activities. The researchers, therefore, argue that teachers’ positive positioning can allow teachers to make informed pedagogical decisions to transform power dynamics and promote equitable educational opportunities for all, especially for those with LD and EBD. Subscribe to LDMJ
运用话语分析来关注学习障碍(LD)和/或情绪/行为障碍(EBD)学生与其教师之间的互动动作,这些动作会影响学生对课堂参与的定位和动机。本研究建立在先前关于定位的研究(Davies & Harre, 1990)的基础上,通过互动对话来了解教师和学生如何定位自己和他人,以及定位如何与课堂动态相互作用,这些动态通过(非)参与实践社区和跨实践社区来展示。研究发现,教师的自反定位为关怀、体贴、熟练、耐心,学生的互动定位为值得耐心和关注的社区成员,促进了互动对话,激发了学生参与课堂活动的动机。因此,研究人员认为,教师的积极定位可以使教师做出明智的教学决策,以改变权力动态,促进所有人,特别是患有弱智和EBD的人享有公平的教育机会。订阅LDMJ
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引用次数: 1
Choice, Support, Opportunity: Profiles of Self-Determination in High School Students with Learning Disabilities 选择、支持、机会:高中学习障碍学生的自我决定特征
IF 1.6 Q4 EDUCATION, SPECIAL Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.18666/ldmj-2020-v25-i2-10312
Wendy Cavendish, D. Connor, Déborah Perez
This study is framed by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to examine the interaction between student perceptions of school personnel efforts and actions and the development of student intrinsic motivation and self-determination. This mixed-methods study examines variations among high school students’ ( n = 44) level of self-determination (SD) and the relationship between their perspectives of school support of autonomy, competence, and relatedness and self-determination development. We share student profiles ( N = 6) based upon deductive coding of student interviews. Findings focus on the centering of students’ own words to create data-rich renderings of individual students located within their school context. Each student profile contains connections to the three domains associated with SDT: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We provide a discussion of the applicability of SDT for school practitioners to inform increased support for students with learning disabilities. Subscribe to LDMJ
本研究以自我决定理论(SDT)为框架,探讨学生对学校工作人员努力和行动的感知与学生内在动机和自我决定的发展之间的相互作用。本混合方法研究考察了高中学生(n = 44)自我决定水平的差异,以及他们对学校支持自主性、能力和相关性的看法与自我决定发展之间的关系。我们根据学生访谈的演绎编码共享学生档案(N = 6)。研究结果侧重于以学生自己的语言为中心,以创建位于其学校背景下的个体学生的数据丰富的效果图。每个学生的个人资料都包含与SDT相关的三个领域的连接:自主性、能力和相关性。我们讨论了SDT对学校从业者的适用性,以便为有学习障碍的学生提供更多的支持。订阅LDMJ
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Learning Disabilities-A Multidisciplinary Journal
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