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Proceedings of the 23rd International Systems and Software Product Line Conference - Volume B最新文献

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Textual Variability Modeling Languages: An Overview and Considerations 文本可变性建模语言:概述和注意事项
M. T. Beek, Klaus Schmid, Holger Eichelberger
During the three decades since the invention of the first variability modeling approach [28], there have been multiple attempts to introduce advanced variability modeling capabilities. More recently, we have seen increased attention on textual variability modeling languages. In this paper, we summarize the main capabilities of state of the art textual variability modeling languages, based on [23], including updates regarding more recent work. Based on this integrated characterization, we provide a discussion of additional concerns, opportunities and challenges that are relevant for designing future (textual) variability modeling languages. The paper also summarizes relevant contributions by the authors as input to further discussions on future (textual) variability modeling languages.
自第一个变率建模方法发明以来的三十年里[28],已经有多次尝试引入先进的变率建模能力。最近,我们看到越来越多的关注文本可变性建模语言。在本文中,我们基于[23]总结了目前最先进的文本可变性建模语言的主要功能,包括最近工作的更新。基于这个集成的特征,我们提供了与设计未来(文本)可变性建模语言相关的额外关注、机会和挑战的讨论。本文还总结了作者的相关贡献,作为进一步讨论未来(文本)可变性建模语言的输入。
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引用次数: 24
MetricHaven: More than 23,000 Metrics for Measuring Quality Attributes of Software Product Lines MetricHaven:超过23,000个度量软件产品线质量属性的度量
Sascha El-Sharkawy, Adam Krafczyk, Klaus Schmid
Variability-aware metrics are designed to measure qualitative aspects of software product lines. As we identified in a prior SLR [6], there exist already many metrics that address code or variability separately, while the combination of both has been less researched. MetricHaven fills this gap, as it extensively supports combining information from code files and variability models. Further, we also enable the combination of well established single system metrics with novel variability-aware metrics, going beyond existing variability-aware metrics. Our tool supports most prominent single system and variability-aware code metrics. We provide configuration support for already implemented metrics, resulting in 23,342 metric variations. Further, we present an abstract syntax tree developed for MetricHaven, that allows the realization of additional code metrics. Tool: https://github.com/KernelHaven/MetricHaven Video: https://youtu.be/vPEmD5Sr6gM
可变性感知度量被设计用来度量软件产品线的定性方面。正如我们在之前的单反中所确定的[6],已经存在许多单独处理代码或可变性的指标,而对两者的组合研究较少。MetricHaven填补了这一空白,因为它广泛地支持从代码文件和可变性模型中组合信息。此外,我们还支持将建立良好的单一系统度量与新颖的可变性感知度量相结合,超越现有的可变性感知度量。我们的工具支持最突出的单系统和可变性代码度量。我们为已经实现的度量提供配置支持,从而产生23,342个度量变化。此外,我们提出了一个为MetricHaven开发的抽象语法树,它允许实现额外的代码度量。工具:https://github.com/KernelHaven/MetricHaven视频:https://youtu.be/vPEmD5Sr6gM
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引用次数: 7
On Language Levels for Feature Modeling Notations 关于特征建模符号的语言层次
Thomas Thüm, C. Seidl, Ina Schaefer
Configuration is a key enabling technology for the engineering of systems and software as wells as physical goods. A selection of configuration options (aka. features) is often enough to automatically generate a product tailored to the needs of a customer. It is common that not all combinations of features are possible in a given domain. Feature modeling is the de-facto standard for specifying features and their valid combinations. However, a pivotal hurdle for practitioners, researchers, and teachers in applying feature modeling is that there are hundreds of tools and languages available. While there have been first attempts to define a standard feature modeling language, they still struggle with finding an appropriate level of expressiveness. If the expressiveness is too high, the language will not be adopted, as it is too much effort to support all language constructs. If the expressiveness is too low, the language will not be adopted, as many interesting domains cannot be modeled in such a language. Towards a standard feature modeling notation, we propose the use of language levels with different expressiveness each and discuss criteria to be used to define such language levels. We aim to raise the awareness on the expressiveness and eventually contribute to a standard feature modeling notation.
配置是系统和软件工程以及物理产品的关键使能技术。配置选项的选择(即。特性)通常足以自动生成适合客户需求的产品。在给定的领域中,并不是所有的特征组合都是可能的,这是很常见的。特征建模是指定特征及其有效组合的事实标准。然而,从业者、研究人员和教师在应用特征建模时面临的一个关键障碍是,有数百种可用的工具和语言。虽然已经有了定义标准特征建模语言的第一次尝试,但他们仍然在努力寻找合适的表达水平。如果表达性太高,语言就不会被采用,因为要支持所有的语言结构需要付出太多的努力。如果表达性太低,语言将不会被采用,因为许多有趣的领域无法用这种语言建模。为了建立标准的特征建模符号,我们建议使用具有不同表达能力的语言级别,并讨论了用于定义这些语言级别的标准。我们的目标是提高对表达性的认识,并最终贡献一个标准的特征建模表示法。
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引用次数: 12
Ontology-Based Security Tool for Critical Cyber-Physical Systems 基于本体的关键信息物理系统安全工具
A. Shaaban, T. Gruber, Christoph Schmittner
Industry 4.0 considers as a new advancement concept of the industrial revolution, which introduces a full utilization of Internet technologies. This concept aims to combine diverse technological resources into the industry field, which enables the communication between two worlds: the physical and the cyber one. Cyber-physical Systems are one of the special forces that integrate and build a variety of existing technologies and components. The diversity of components and technologies creates new security threats that can exploit vulnerabilities to attack a critical system. This work introduces an ontology-based security tool-chain able to be integrated with the initial stages of the development process of critical systems. The tool detects the potential threats, and apply the suitable security requirements which can address these threats. Eventually, it uses the ontology approach to ensure that the security requirements are fulfilled.
工业4.0被认为是工业革命的一个新的推进概念,它引入了对互联网技术的充分利用。这一概念旨在将各种技术资源结合到工业领域,从而实现两个世界之间的通信:物理世界和网络世界。信息物理系统是集成和构建各种现有技术和组件的特种部队之一。组件和技术的多样性产生了新的安全威胁,可以利用漏洞攻击关键系统。这项工作引入了一个基于本体的安全工具链,能够与关键系统开发过程的初始阶段集成。该工具检测潜在的威胁,并应用可以解决这些威胁的适当安全需求。最后,它使用本体方法来确保满足安全需求。
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引用次数: 11
Towards Efficient Analysis of Variation in Time and Space 对时间和空间变化的有效分析
Thomas Thüm, Leopoldo Teixeira, Klaus Schmid, Eric Walkingshaw, M. Mukelabai, M. Varshosaz, Goetz Botterweck, Ina Schaefer, Timo Kehrer
Variation is central to today's software development. There are two fundamental dimensions to variation: Variation in time refers to the fact that software exists in numerous revisions that typically replace each other (i.e., a newer version supersedes an older one). Variation in space refers to differences among variants that are designed to coexist in parallel. There are numerous analyses to cope with variation in space (i.e., product-line analyses) and others that cope with variation in time (i.e., regression analyses). The goal of this work is to discuss to which extent product-line analyses can be applied to revisions and, conversely, where regression analyses can be applied to variants. In addition, we discuss challenges related to the combination of product-line and regression analyses. The overall goal is to increase the efficiency of analyses by exploiting the inherent commonality between variants and revisions.
变化是当今软件开发的核心。变化有两个基本维度:时间变化指的是软件存在于许多版本中,这些版本通常会相互替换(例如,新版本取代旧版本)。空间变异是指设计为并行共存的变体之间的差异。有许多分析可以处理空间上的变化(例如,产品线分析),还有一些分析可以处理时间上的变化(例如,回归分析)。这项工作的目标是讨论产品线分析在多大程度上可以应用于修订,反过来,回归分析可以应用于变量。此外,我们还讨论了与产品线和回归分析相结合的挑战。总体目标是通过利用变体和修订之间固有的共性来提高分析的效率。
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引用次数: 21
Analyzing Variability in 25 Years of Industrial Legacy Software: An Experience Report 分析25年工业遗留软件的可变性:一份经验报告
Kamil Rosiak, Oliver Urbaniak, Alexander Schlie, C. Seidl, Ina Schaefer
In certain domains, safety-critical software systems may remain operational for decades. To comply with changing requirements, new system variants are commonly created by copying and modifying existing ones. Typically denoted clone-and-own, software quality and overall maintainability are adversely affected in the long-run. With safety being pivotal, a fault in one variant may require the entire portfolio to be assessed. Thus, engineers need to maintain legacy systems dating back decades, implemented in programming languages such as Pascal. Software product lines (SPLs) can be a remedy but migrating legacy systems requires their prior analysis and comparison. For industrial software systems, this remains a challenge. In this paper, we introduce a comparison procedure and customizable metrics to allow for a fine-grained comparison of Pascal modules to the level of individual expressions. By that, we identify common parts of while also capturing different parts between modules as a basis for a transition towards anSPLs practice. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using a case study with seven Pascal modules totaling 13,271 lines of code with an evolution-history of 25 years and show our procedure to be fast and precise. Furthermore, we elaborate on the case study and detail peculiarities of the Pascal modules, which are characteristic for an evolution-history of a quarter century.
在某些领域,安全关键型软件系统可以运行数十年。为了满足不断变化的需求,通常通过复制和修改现有的系统变体来创建新的系统变体。在长期运行中,软件质量和整体可维护性受到不利影响。由于安全性至关重要,一个变体的故障可能需要对整个组合进行评估。因此,工程师需要维护几十年前用Pascal等编程语言实现的遗留系统。软件产品线(SPLs)可以作为一种补救措施,但是迁移遗留系统需要对它们进行事先的分析和比较。对于工业软件系统来说,这仍然是一个挑战。在本文中,我们介绍了一个比较过程和可定制的指标,以允许对Pascal模块进行细粒度的比较,以达到单个表达式的水平。通过这种方式,我们确定了的公共部分,同时也捕获了模块之间的不同部分,作为向anspl实践过渡的基础。此外,我们使用七个Pascal模块的案例研究证明了我们方法的可行性,这些模块共有13,271行代码,具有25年的进化史,并展示了我们的过程是快速和精确的。此外,我们还详细阐述了Pascal模块的案例研究和细节特点,这些模块具有四分之一世纪的进化历史。
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引用次数: 6
Facilitating the Development of Software Product Lines in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises 促进中小企业软件产品线的发展
Nicolas Hlad
Software Product Lines (SPLs) are Software Engineering methodologies that manage the development and evolution of families of product variants. They aim at handling the commonality and variability of these products. SPLs reduce the development cost, time-to-market, and increase overall quality of the product variants. But Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) can find the development of an SPL to be expensive and challenging, especially the process regarding the domain engineering. They can be forced to hire or train dedicated SPL-experts to work on the SPL development. This extra cost can be a significant obstacle toward the adoption of this technology by these enterprises. In this paper we present our work on an new approach to reduce and facilitate the adoption of the SPL techniques in SMEs. The goal of this approach is to automatically and incrementally build SPLs. This is based on an original combination of existing extractive and reactive approaches. We advocate the need for new solutions to facilitate the adoption of SPL technology by SMEs. We discuss a global solution based on an original combination of the existing extractive and reactive approaches. Our solution is a new approach that automatically and incrementally build SPLs. We present our global solution under the form of five research questions, of which we discuss the motivations and the methodologies. We also present early results of the first three questions, while the remaining two are the matter of future work.
软件产品线(SPLs)是管理产品变体家族的开发和进化的软件工程方法。它们旨在处理这些产品的共性和可变性。spc降低了开发成本、上市时间,并提高了产品变体的整体质量。但是中小型企业(sme)会发现SPL的开发是昂贵的和具有挑战性的,特别是涉及领域工程的过程。他们可能被迫雇用或培训专门的SPL专家来从事SPL开发工作。这种额外的成本可能是这些企业采用这种技术的一个重大障碍。在本文中,我们介绍了我们在减少和促进中小企业采用SPL技术的新方法上的工作。这种方法的目标是自动地、增量地构建spc。这是基于现有的提取和反应方法的原始组合。我们主张需要新的解决方案,以促进中小企业采用SPL技术。我们讨论了一种基于现有提取和反应方法的原始组合的全局解决方案。我们的解决方案是一种自动地、增量地构建spc的新方法。我们在五个研究问题的形式下提出了我们的全球解决方案,其中我们讨论了动机和方法。我们也提出了前三个问题的初步结果,而剩下的两个问题是未来工作的问题。
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引用次数: 2
Enabling Efficient Automated Configuration Generation and Management 实现高效的自动化配置生成和管理
S. Krieter
Creating and managing valid configurations is one of the main tasks in software product line engineering. Due to the often complex constraints from a feature model, some kind of automated configuration generation is required to facilitate the configuration process for users and developers. For instance, decision propagation can be applied to support users in configuring a product from a software product line (SPL) with less manual effort and error potential, leading to a semi-automatic configuration process. Furthermore, fully-automatic configuration processes, such as random sampling or t-wise interaction sampling can be employed to test or to optimize an SPL. However, current techniques for automated configuration generation still do not scale well to SPLs with large and complex feature models. Within our thesis, we identify current challenges regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of the semi- and fully-automatic configuration process and aim to address these challenges by introducing novel techniques and improving current ones. Our preliminary results show already show promising progress for both, the semi- and fully-automatic configuration process.
创建和管理有效的配置是软件产品线工程中的主要任务之一。由于来自特性模型的复杂约束,需要某种类型的自动化配置生成来促进用户和开发人员的配置过程。例如,可以应用决策传播来支持用户配置来自软件产品线(SPL)的产品,减少人工工作和潜在错误,从而实现半自动配置过程。此外,全自动配置过程,如随机抽样或t-wise交互抽样,可用于测试或优化SPL。然而,当前的自动配置生成技术仍然不能很好地扩展到具有大型和复杂特征模型的spc。在我们的论文中,我们确定了关于半自动和全自动配置过程的效率和有效性的当前挑战,并旨在通过引入新技术和改进现有技术来解决这些挑战。我们的初步结果表明,半自动和全自动配置过程已经显示出有希望的进展。
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引用次数: 5
Analyzing Variability in Automation Software with the Variability Analysis Toolkit 使用变异性分析工具包分析自动化软件中的变异性
Alexander Schlie, Kamil Rosiak, Oliver Urbaniak, Ina Schaefer, B. Vogel‐Heuser
Control software for automated production systems (aPs) becomes increasingly complex as it evolves due to changing requirements. To address varying customer demands or altered regulatory guidelines, it is common practice to create a new system variant by copying and subsequently modifying existing control software. Referred to as clone-and-own, proper documentation is typically not cherished, thereby entailing severe maintenance issues in the long-run. To mitigate such problems and to reinstate sustainable development, respective software systems need to be compared and their variability information needs to be reverse-engineered. However, recent work identified variability management in the domain of aPs to remain a challenging endevour and appropriate tool support to be missing. We bridge this gap and introduce the Variability Analysis Toolkit (VAT), an extensible platform that allows for the customizable definition of metrics to compare IEC61131-3 control software variants as well as providing means to visualize results. The VAT facilitates a working environment that allows for the exchange of produced results between users. By that, we aim to support engineers in re-engineering control software systems by providing them with means to define metrics based on their individual demands. We demonstrate the feasibility of the VAT using 24 software system variants implemented in accordance to the IEC61131-3 standard.
自动化生产系统(ap)的控制软件随着需求的变化而不断发展,变得越来越复杂。为了满足不同的客户需求或变更的监管指导方针,通常的做法是通过复制并随后修改现有的控制软件来创建一个新的系统变体。适当的文档被称为“克隆和拥有”,通常不受重视,因此从长远来看会带来严重的维护问题。为了减轻这些问题并恢复可持续发展,需要对各自的软件系统进行比较,并且需要对其可变性信息进行逆向工程。然而,最近的工作表明,ap领域的可变性管理仍然是一项具有挑战性的工作,并且缺少适当的工具支持。我们弥合了这一差距,并引入了可变性分析工具包(VAT),这是一个可扩展的平台,允许自定义指标来比较IEC61131-3控制软件的变体,并提供可视化结果的方法。增值税促进了一个允许用户之间交换生产成果的工作环境。通过这种方式,我们的目标是支持工程师重新设计控制软件系统,为他们提供基于个人需求定义度量的方法。我们根据IEC61131-3标准使用24个软件系统变体来演示增值税的可行性。
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引用次数: 13
A Component-Based Approach to Feature Modelling 基于组件的特征建模方法
P. Parra, Ó. Polo, Segundo Esteban San Román, Agustín Martínez-Hellín, S. Prieto
This paper presents an approach to feature modelling based on the use of modelling constructs from the component-based software development domain. The proposed models allow establishing feature hierarchies, making a clear distinction between the features themselves and their realisations or variants. Furthermore, they enable the definition of complex dependency relationships between the different feature realisations, making it possible to define variable configurations associated with these dependencies. Finally, the approach allows the modelling of product configurations as a set of interconnected and configured feature realisations. The proposal is illustrated with an example based on the on-board satellite software applications domain.
本文提出了一种基于基于组件的软件开发领域建模构造的特征建模方法。所提出的模型允许建立特征层次结构,明确区分特征本身及其实现或变体。此外,它们可以定义不同特性实现之间的复杂依赖关系,从而可以定义与这些依赖关系相关的可变配置。最后,该方法允许将产品配置建模为一组相互连接和配置的功能实现。以星载卫星软件应用领域为例说明了该方法的可行性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Proceedings of the 23rd International Systems and Software Product Line Conference - Volume B
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