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Intersectional Occupational Crowding: Labor Market Stratification Amongst Women Workers in New Orleans 交叉职业拥挤:新奥尔良妇女劳动力市场分层
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1899015
Anastasia C. Wilson
Abstract This descriptive paper examines racial and gender patterns of employment in New Orleans Louisiana using the 2018 American Communities Survey microdata in the context of the post-Katrina economy, with a focus on women workers. This paper reviews the literature on occupational crowding, and then uses a simple measure of crowding to analyze the local labor market focusing on an intersectional lens to examine patterns by race and ethnicity, gender, as well as additionally important dimensions of citizenship and age. A review of the literature shows the proliferation of these low-wage service occupations as associated with the redevelopment trajectory of New Orleans, as well as broader trends in the service economy. This paper then discusses how such a case study in the context of the “New New Orleans” can help to pose further research questions about occupational crowding, including methodologies for measurement, the relationship between crowding patterns and changes in service work, and how specific local and regional policy and redevelopment decisions shape crowding patterns.
摘要本文利用2018年美国社区调查微观数据,在卡特里娜飓风后的经济背景下,以女工为重点,研究了路易斯安那州新奥尔良市的种族和性别就业模式。本文回顾了有关职业拥挤的文献,然后使用一个简单的拥挤衡量标准来分析当地劳动力市场,重点从交叉视角来考察种族和民族、性别以及公民身份和年龄等其他重要维度的模式。对文献的回顾表明,这些低工资服务业的激增与新奥尔良的重建轨迹以及服务经济的更广泛趋势有关。然后,本文讨论了在“新奥尔良”背景下进行的案例研究如何有助于提出关于职业拥挤的进一步研究问题,包括测量方法、拥挤模式与服务工作变化之间的关系,以及具体的地方和地区政策和再开发决策如何塑造拥挤模式。
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引用次数: 1
The Geographic Redistribution of Income in the United States, 1969–2019: Examining the Role of Federal Policy 1969-2019年美国收入的地域再分配:对联邦政策作用的审视
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-02-24 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1886143
John Posey
Abstract Prior research on regional differences in income levels has focused almost exclusively on market mechanisms that affect wages. This article argues that federal policy has had significant effects on changes in regional income inequality, and that these effects have rarely been analyzed. Since 1969, an increase in transfer payments and financial deregulation have increased the share of national income going to transfers and financial income. To show how these changes played out spatially, this article offers a decomposition of the difference in income growth between ten of the fastest-growing metropolitan regions and the United States as a whole, for the period 1969–2019. In most of the regions with the fastest income growth, financial and transfer income account for most of the difference in income growth rates between region and nation. Literature on regional income inequality would benefit from paying more attention to unearned income, and from engaging more fully with literature on financialization.
摘要先前关于收入水平地区差异的研究几乎完全集中在影响工资的市场机制上。本文认为,联邦政策对地区收入不平等的变化产生了重大影响,而这些影响很少得到分析。自1969年以来,转移支付的增加和金融放松管制增加了国民收入中用于转移支付和金融收入的份额。为了展示这些变化在空间上的表现,本文对1969年至2019年期间十个增长最快的大都市地区与整个美国的收入增长差异进行了分解。在大多数收入增长最快的地区,金融和转移收入是地区和国家收入增长率差异的主要原因。关于区域收入不平等的文献将受益于更多地关注非劳动收入,以及更充分地参与关于金融化的文献。
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引用次数: 1
An infodemiology approach to assess the impact of unemployment on anxiety and depression in France 评估法国失业对焦虑和抑郁影响的信息学方法
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1880461
Ariadna Ramos-Gomez, Aldo A. Pérez-Escatel, Elio-Atenógenes Villaseñor-García, C. Ramos-Remus
Abstract Mental health is a key factor for productivity and an indicator of the general well-being of the population. There has been growing evidence in past years that unemployment negatively affects the mental health of the population and, hence, reduces its overall well-being. This study assesses the unemployment and mental health correlation and, specifically, whether depression and anxiety increased due to the rise in unemployment during the 2009 debt crisis in France. We followed an infodemiology approach by first creating a distress index that accounted for all depression and anxiety-related words. Then, by mobilizing Google Trends data, we used diverse economic- and employment-related datasets for France as covariates in multiple linear regression analyses. This study is one of the first to use broad search terms through a distress index that was not restricted to the words “depression” and “anxiety,” but also considered associated terms that individuals may use when seeking information on depression and anxiety. This is also one of the first studies to introduce an infodemiology approach to health economics in France. The results showed that for each unit of additional demand for unemployment benefit, the search traffic for the distress index increased by 0.09%, a positive increase that was minor. The mild effect of demand for unemployment benefits on the distress index may be explained by aspects of social protection policies in France. This paper includes valuable policy suggestions, whereof policymakers could benefit from.
摘要心理健康是生产力的关键因素,也是人口总体幸福感的指标。过去几年,越来越多的证据表明,失业对人口的心理健康产生了负面影响,从而降低了其整体福祉。这项研究评估了失业率和心理健康的相关性,特别是抑郁和焦虑是否因2009年法国债务危机期间失业率的上升而增加。我们遵循信息学的方法,首先创建了一个痛苦指数,解释了所有与抑郁和焦虑相关的单词。然后,通过调动谷歌趋势数据,我们在多元线性回归分析中使用了法国不同的经济和就业相关数据集作为协变量。这项研究是第一批通过痛苦指数使用广泛搜索词的研究之一,该指数不仅限于“抑郁”和“焦虑”,还考虑了个人在寻求抑郁和焦虑信息时可能使用的相关术语。这也是法国最早将信息学方法引入健康经济学的研究之一。结果显示,每增加一个单位的失业救济金需求,搜索遇险指数的流量就会增加0.09%,这是一个微小的正增长。失业救济需求对痛苦指数的温和影响可以从法国社会保护政策的各个方面来解释。本文包括有价值的政策建议,决策者可以从中受益。
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引用次数: 1
A Socio-Economic-Political Dimension of Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲就业的社会经济政治层面
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1879199
Suneila Gokhool, V. Tandrayen‐Ragoobur, H. Kasseeah
Abstract The paper adopts a broader perspective in studying the determinants of employment. The main objective of the study is to assess the impact of social and political variables on employment levels after accounting for macroeconomic factors. In addition, the paper adopts a gendered dimension to the labour market, as relatively more women tend to be unemployed or have vulnerable jobs in the informal sector. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares is applied to analyse the drivers of employment. Data for Sub-Saharan Africa is collected from 1991 to 2016. The findings indicate that higher economic growth; more access to finance and education, low corruption as well as political stability positively affect employment. There is thus evidence to extend existing employment analysis and policy making beyond economic factors to embrace social and political constraints.
摘要本文从更广阔的视角来研究就业的决定因素。这项研究的主要目的是在考虑宏观经济因素后,评估社会和政治变量对就业水平的影响。此外,该文件对劳动力市场采取了性别层面,因为相对较多的妇女往往失业或在非正规部门从事易受伤害的工作。应用完全修正普通最小二乘分析了就业驱动因素。撒哈拉以南非洲的数据收集于1991年至2016年。研究结果表明,较高的经济增长率;更容易获得资金和教育、低腐败以及政治稳定对就业有积极影响。因此,有证据表明,现有的就业分析和政策制定应超越经济因素,纳入社会和政治制约因素。
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引用次数: 1
Reinserting Ethics in Economics: Some Thoughts Springing from Recent Related Contributions 在经济学中重新插入伦理学:来自近期相关贡献的一些思考
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1883089
Ricardo F. Crespo
Abstract This essay on ethics and economics stems from reading and reviewing three recent books on this topic: Wilfred Dolfsma and Ioana Negru (eds.), The Ethical Formation of Economists; Peter Rona and Laszlo Zsolnai (eds.), Economics as a Moral Science, and Michael J. Sandel, The Tyranny of Merit. What’s Become of the Common Good? Before reviewing the books, the essay provides information and develops the author's position on the topic.
这篇关于伦理与经济学的文章源于阅读和回顾最近关于这一主题的三本著作:威尔弗雷德·多尔夫斯马和伊奥娜·内格鲁主编的《经济学家的伦理形成》;Peter Rona和Laszlo Zsolnai编,《作为道德科学的经济学》和Michael J. Sandel,《功绩的暴政》。公共利益变成了什么?在回顾这些书之前,这篇文章提供了信息,并发展了作者对这个主题的立场。
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引用次数: 0
Social Identity and Class Consciousness 社会认同与阶级意识
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2021-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2018.1447495
Hardy Hanappi, E. Hanappi-Egger
Abstract The current economic crisis proves how deep the contradictions inherent in contemporary capitalism really are. At the same time it is evident that the financial crisis goes hand in hand with a social crisis, since an increasing number of people lost trust in governments, trade unions, and other representative institutions. A main reason why the European Left nevertheless faces severe challenges in attracting supporters seems to be an experienced loss of what has been called ‘working class identity’ in earlier times. This development has been fueled by the continuing debate on ‘identity constructions’ as proposed, e.g. by post-modernist scholars referring to ‘fluid’ and ambiguous concepts of identity and strictly denying any social categorization. So, there is a gap between the loss of working-class identity on one hand and the focus on merely social identities on the other hand. To bridge this gap the two trajectories have to be linked. Thus, it is proposed to reflect the whole discussion on ‘working class identity’ in the light of exploitation referring to classical political economy, but additionally to integrate social identity constructions by reviving the concept of alienation.
当前的经济危机证明了当代资本主义内在矛盾的深度。与此同时,很明显,金融危机与社会危机密切相关,因为越来越多的人失去了对政府、工会和其他代表性机构的信任。欧洲左翼在吸引支持者方面仍然面临严峻挑战的一个主要原因似乎是早期所谓的“工人阶级身份”的经历性丧失。这一发展受到了关于“身份结构”的持续争论的推动,例如后现代主义学者提到了“流动”和模糊的身份概念,并严格否认任何社会分类。因此,一方面工人阶级身份的丧失与另一方面仅仅关注社会身份之间存在着差距。要弥合这一差距,就必须把两种轨迹联系起来。因此,本文建议借鉴古典政治经济学,在剥削的视角下反思关于“工人阶级认同”的整个讨论,同时通过恢复异化的概念来整合社会认同建构。
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引用次数: 9
Inequality and Economic Stratification: Reflections on Bromley, Piketty, and Obeng-Odoom 不平等与经济分层:对布罗姆利、皮凯蒂和奥本-奥多姆的反思
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2020-12-27 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2020.1864433
S. Seguino
Abstract The rise of economic inequality is a major global problem, one that economists have an important role in explaining and addressing through policy. Despite increased availability of data, our theoretical understanding of the dynamics of inequality, its persistence, and policies to address this problem remain in their infancy. The new subfield of stratification economics focuses on intergroup inequality by race and gender and offers a useful lens through which to explore the complexity of interacting systems of inequality. This article evaluates three recently published books on inequality through that lens.
经济不平等的加剧是一个重大的全球性问题,经济学家在解释和通过政策解决这个问题方面发挥着重要作用。尽管数据的可用性有所增加,但我们对不平等的动态、其持续性和解决这一问题的政策的理论理解仍处于起步阶段。分层经济学的新分支侧重于种族和性别的群体间不平等,并提供了一个有用的镜头,通过它来探索相互作用的不平等系统的复杂性。本文从这个角度来评价最近出版的三本关于不平等的书。
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引用次数: 7
Governance, Inequality and Inclusive Education in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲的治理、不平等和包容性教育
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2020-11-21 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2020.1856166
S. Asongu, S. Diop, Amsalu K. Addis
Abstract The study provides thresholds of income inequality that if exceeded will nullify the positive effect of governance dynamics on gender-inclusive education in 42 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004–2014. The Generalised Method of Moments is used as an estimation strategy. The following findings are established. First, the unconditional effects of governance dynamics on inclusive education are consistently positive whereas the corresponding conditional effects from the interaction between inequality and governance dynamics are consistently negative. Second, the levels of inequality that completely crowd-out the positive incidence of governance on inclusive ‘primary and secondary education’ are: 0.587 for the rule of law and 0.565 for corruption-control. Third, the levels of inequality that completely dampen the positive incidence of governance on inclusive ‘secondary education’ are: 0.601 for ‘voice & accountability’ and 0.700 for regulation quality. Fourth, for tertiary education, inequality thresholds are respectively 0.568 for political stability and 0.562 for corruption-control. The main policy implication is that for governance dynamics to promote inclusive education in the sampled countries, income inequality levels should be kept within the established thresholds. Other implications are discussed in the light of Sustainable Development Goals.
该研究提供了收入不平等的阈值,如果超过该阈值,将抵消治理动态对2004-2014年期间撒哈拉以南非洲42个国家性别包容性教育的积极影响。采用广义矩量法作为估计策略。以下发现是成立的。首先,治理动态对全纳教育的无条件影响始终是积极的,而不平等与治理动态之间相互作用的相应条件影响始终是消极的。其次,完全挤掉包容性“中小学教育”治理的积极影响的不平等水平为:法治0.587,腐败控制0.565。第三,完全抑制包容性“中等教育”治理积极发生率的不平等水平为:“发言权和问责制”为0.601,监管质量为0.700。第四,对于高等教育,政治稳定的不平等阈值分别为0.568,腐败控制的不平等阈值为0.562。主要的政策含义是,为了在抽样国家促进包容性教育的治理动态,收入不平等水平应保持在既定的阈值之内。根据可持续发展目标讨论了其他影响。
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引用次数: 6
Quality of Employment in Bogotá (Colombia): Concept, Method and Evidence 波哥大<e:1>(哥伦比亚)就业质量:概念、方法和证据
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2020.1843515
Thibaud Deguilhem, Michelle Vernot-López, B. Delmas
Abstract The concept of quality of employment is a helpful response to different conceptualisations and typologies’ failures in the analysis of the diversity of labour institutions in Latin America. The authors with the help of an original methodology combining socio-economic dimensions in a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), construct a multidimensional indicator. Analysing individual data coming from a household survey in Bogotá for 2013, they found a clear polarization in the quality of employment distribution, transcending the classical typologies. Finally, this original and contextualized measure seems to be useful to describe precisely the complexity of the labour market institutions.
就业质量的概念是对拉丁美洲劳动制度多样性分析中不同概念和类型学失败的有益回应。本文运用多元对应分析(MCA)中结合社会经济维度的独创方法,构建了一个多维指标。他们分析了2013年波哥大家庭调查的个人数据,发现就业分配质量明显两极分化,超越了经典的类型学。最后,这种原始的和背景化的衡量似乎有助于准确地描述劳动力市场制度的复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
China Special Issue A Introduction: Economic Growth, Social Policy, and Technological Development 中国特刊A导论:经济增长、社会政策与技术发展
IF 1 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2020-10-16 DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2020.1841666
Zhi Wang, Lefteris Giovanis
Abstract China’s rapid economic development has attracted the interest of many scholars following its emergence as the world’s second largest economy and stimulated research into the underlying factors that may have made this development difficult to overlook. In advancing research, papers included in Issue A help with refining our understanding of the forces that have been driving China’s social-economic, political, and technological developments, addressing the related issues, thus, advancing the social economic literature in its influence in the world, specifically, within the China context.
中国成为世界第二大经济体后,经济的快速发展吸引了许多学者的兴趣,并激发了对导致这一发展难以忽视的潜在因素的研究。在推进研究的过程中,A期中包含的论文有助于完善我们对推动中国社会经济、政治和技术发展的力量的理解,解决相关问题,从而推进社会经济文献在世界上的影响,特别是在中国背景下的影响。
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引用次数: 1
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Forum for Social Economics
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