Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1967182
L. Frisina Doetter, Benedikt Preuß, P. Frisina
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has placed the United States of America (U.S.) under enormous strain, leaving it with higher deaths during the first wave of the outbreak (per 100,000 of population) compared to all other advanced economies. In addition to the elderly, Minorities across all age groups in the U.S. are amongst those hardest hit by the virus. The disparate impact has been attributed to various enduring problems related to the social determinants of health adversely affecting Minorities. The present study explores the relationship between the pandemic, public policy, and race/ethnicity-based vulnerability, as the three have fused to disproportionately impact Minorities. We ask, does greater stringency of state measures aimed at controlling the spread of the virus lead to improved mortality rates for Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites equally? And, if not, to what extent does the role of pre-existing and COVID-specific vulnerability play in determining outcomes observed between groups? To answer these questions, we rely on a mix of correlational and regression analyses. Our findings point to the highly divergent impact of public policy and vulnerability on COVID-19 mortality. This suggests that state-led policy to address both the short-term and long-term consequences of the pandemic needs to account for the particular nature of vulnerability affecting Minorities in the U.S.
{"title":"The Intersections of Pandemic, Public Policy and Social Inequality in the United States","authors":"L. Frisina Doetter, Benedikt Preuß, P. Frisina","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1967182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1967182","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has placed the United States of America (U.S.) under enormous strain, leaving it with higher deaths during the first wave of the outbreak (per 100,000 of population) compared to all other advanced economies. In addition to the elderly, Minorities across all age groups in the U.S. are amongst those hardest hit by the virus. The disparate impact has been attributed to various enduring problems related to the social determinants of health adversely affecting Minorities. The present study explores the relationship between the pandemic, public policy, and race/ethnicity-based vulnerability, as the three have fused to disproportionately impact Minorities. We ask, does greater stringency of state measures aimed at controlling the spread of the virus lead to improved mortality rates for Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites equally? And, if not, to what extent does the role of pre-existing and COVID-specific vulnerability play in determining outcomes observed between groups? To answer these questions, we rely on a mix of correlational and regression analyses. Our findings point to the highly divergent impact of public policy and vulnerability on COVID-19 mortality. This suggests that state-led policy to address both the short-term and long-term consequences of the pandemic needs to account for the particular nature of vulnerability affecting Minorities in the U.S.","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44086470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1946706
Ivan Sainsaulieu
Abstract In France, the health system is characterized by both a centralizing State and strong market pressures (liberal medicine, pharmaceutical industries, etc.). Within the framework of budget reduction policies, this confrontation has led to savings on the productive wage bill within the public hospital rather than on medical fees or industrial profits, resulting in the elimination of beds and a reduction in the number of permanent staff, while administrative employment has increased for management staff. In the face of the pandemic, the mobilization of health care workers was able to demonstrate its effectiveness, compensating for the deficits in equipment and organization from above. Mutual aid is highly contextualized, based on local logics and interaction configurations. If mutual aid prevailed overall, exhaustion was spreading among the troops before the second wave and then the third wave. At the same time, the management did not involve the healthcare teams more in the decisions, contrary to certain participative attempts in the past. The management team, which was not involved in the crisis, tended to reassert its presence as if nothing had happened, even though a distinction had to be made between a type of management that was close to the patients and a type of management that was in control and enforced the hierarchy.
{"title":"Over-Mobilization, Poor Integration of Care Groups: The French Hospital System in the Face of the Pandemic","authors":"Ivan Sainsaulieu","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1946706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1946706","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In France, the health system is characterized by both a centralizing State and strong market pressures (liberal medicine, pharmaceutical industries, etc.). Within the framework of budget reduction policies, this confrontation has led to savings on the productive wage bill within the public hospital rather than on medical fees or industrial profits, resulting in the elimination of beds and a reduction in the number of permanent staff, while administrative employment has increased for management staff. In the face of the pandemic, the mobilization of health care workers was able to demonstrate its effectiveness, compensating for the deficits in equipment and organization from above. Mutual aid is highly contextualized, based on local logics and interaction configurations. If mutual aid prevailed overall, exhaustion was spreading among the troops before the second wave and then the third wave. At the same time, the management did not involve the healthcare teams more in the decisions, contrary to certain participative attempts in the past. The management team, which was not involved in the crisis, tended to reassert its presence as if nothing had happened, even though a distinction had to be made between a type of management that was close to the patients and a type of management that was in control and enforced the hierarchy.","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07360932.2021.1946706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42928692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1937671
S. Kesting
Abstract This review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of three recently published useful resources for teaching economics from a pluralist and/or heterodox perspective. The introduction provides an overview of other helpful (text-)books for this purpose. Based on a historical approach, Geoffrey Schneider’s book describes and differentiates the characteristics of a broad range of economic ideas and systems. The core chapters on Smith, Marx, Veblen, and Keynes (+ Hayek) provide a brilliant concise, very well written and easily accessible overview of the plurality of major economic ideas in their historical evolution. Moreover, this explanation is shown as intricately entwined with the epochal eventful history of economic systems.
{"title":"Teaching Heterodox and Pluralist Economics – Some Useful Books","authors":"S. Kesting","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1937671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1937671","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of three recently published useful resources for teaching economics from a pluralist and/or heterodox perspective. The introduction provides an overview of other helpful (text-)books for this purpose. Based on a historical approach, Geoffrey Schneider’s book describes and differentiates the characteristics of a broad range of economic ideas and systems. The core chapters on Smith, Marx, Veblen, and Keynes (+ Hayek) provide a brilliant concise, very well written and easily accessible overview of the plurality of major economic ideas in their historical evolution. Moreover, this explanation is shown as intricately entwined with the epochal eventful history of economic systems.","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07360932.2021.1937671","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45231345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1937270
Oren M. Levin-Waldman
Abstract This essay is a review essay which discusses four books on the topic on income inequality and whether it constitutes a crisis. Although all four come to the topic from different perspectives, the one point of agreement is that it is capitalism which is in crisis. Consequently, we are forced to rethink the relationship between society and the state.
{"title":"Inequality and the Crisis of Capitalism: A Review Essay","authors":"Oren M. Levin-Waldman","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1937270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1937270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This essay is a review essay which discusses four books on the topic on income inequality and whether it constitutes a crisis. Although all four come to the topic from different perspectives, the one point of agreement is that it is capitalism which is in crisis. Consequently, we are forced to rethink the relationship between society and the state.","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07360932.2021.1937270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47842675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-08DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1928528
Alicia Girón
Eugenia Correa inherited from her first studies in economics the teachings of the Latin American exile. Teachers who wrapped in glory a generation of economists in the Faculty of Economics of the N...
{"title":"Obituary Eugenia Correa","authors":"Alicia Girón","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1928528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1928528","url":null,"abstract":"Eugenia Correa inherited from her first studies in economics the teachings of the Latin American exile. Teachers who wrapped in glory a generation of economists in the Faculty of Economics of the N...","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07360932.2021.1928528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46925389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-03DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1915835
Guillem López Casasnovas, Héctor Pifarré i Arolas
Abstract
This paper offers an overview of defining traits of national health care systems, and remarks on how to evaluate their performance in the current COVID-19 crisis. Beyond a description of the different health care provision schemes, we offer a critical review of some of the key considerations to account for in evaluating the performance of national health care systems during the pandemic. The text is organized in three parts. Part 1 provides an overview of the classification of international health care systems, and the role of the public sector in health care provision. These features condition the varying approaches taken to the pandemic and their relative effectiveness. Exploration of the particularities of the decentralized Spanish system concludes the part. Part 2 presents a snapshot of the financial situation of the systems before the impact of the pandemic. Part 3 reviews a set of factors that ought to be considered in performance evaluations of the COVID-19 response, with emphasis on the Spanish case as an illustrative example. These factors include caution in evaluating outcomes (cases, deaths), and the importance of accounting for the political and baseline demographic and socioeconomic factors that have shaped the severity of the pandemic in each country, among others.
{"title":"Health Care Systems: Organization and Response to COVID-19 with a Focus on Spain","authors":"Guillem López Casasnovas, Héctor Pifarré i Arolas","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1915835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1915835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b></p><p>This paper offers an overview of defining traits of national health care systems, and remarks on how to evaluate their performance in the current COVID-19 crisis. Beyond a description of the different health care provision schemes, we offer a critical review of some of the key considerations to account for in evaluating the performance of national health care systems during the pandemic. The text is organized in three parts. Part 1 provides an overview of the classification of international health care systems, and the role of the public sector in health care provision. These features condition the varying approaches taken to the pandemic and their relative effectiveness. Exploration of the particularities of the decentralized Spanish system concludes the part. Part 2 presents a snapshot of the financial situation of the systems before the impact of the pandemic. Part 3 reviews a set of factors that ought to be considered in performance evaluations of the COVID-19 response, with emphasis on the Spanish case as an illustrative example. These factors include caution in evaluating outcomes (cases, deaths), and the importance of accounting for the political and baseline demographic and socioeconomic factors that have shaped the severity of the pandemic in each country, among others.</p>","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138527918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1896564
Segun Thompson Bolarinwa, O. Olaoye, Wajahat Ullah, B. Agbi
Abstract This paper revisits the financial development–poverty nexus. The study builds a robust measure of financial development that captures the state of financial development in Africa. We adopt the measure for examining the relationship between 1996 and 2015. Our results agree with a priori expectation. Overall, we find a reducing effect of financial development on absolute poverty but this does not affect relative poverty. Private credit has a poverty-reducing effect; however, total financial development and financial inclusion do not affect poverty in African countries. Also, stability and efficiency increase poverty levels. Considering the low level of financial inclusion in the continent, it is likely that financial development will reduce poverty in the continent if the poor can access credits. Our results should be interpreted with caution, the commercial banking model may not adequately address poverty in Africa. Hence, much should not be expected in policy circles from financial development for poverty reduction in the present state of financial development in Africa.
{"title":"Does Financial Development Really Matter for Poverty Reduction in Africa?","authors":"Segun Thompson Bolarinwa, O. Olaoye, Wajahat Ullah, B. Agbi","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1896564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1896564","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper revisits the financial development–poverty nexus. The study builds a robust measure of financial development that captures the state of financial development in Africa. We adopt the measure for examining the relationship between 1996 and 2015. Our results agree with a priori expectation. Overall, we find a reducing effect of financial development on absolute poverty but this does not affect relative poverty. Private credit has a poverty-reducing effect; however, total financial development and financial inclusion do not affect poverty in African countries. Also, stability and efficiency increase poverty levels. Considering the low level of financial inclusion in the continent, it is likely that financial development will reduce poverty in the continent if the poor can access credits. Our results should be interpreted with caution, the commercial banking model may not adequately address poverty in Africa. Hence, much should not be expected in policy circles from financial development for poverty reduction in the present state of financial development in Africa.","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07360932.2021.1896564","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49513596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-29DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1904430
Miki Malul
Abstract People’s perceptions about the gender gap might influence their attitudes about the need for policy interventions to reduce it. How accurate are these perceptions? Which gender has a better understanding about the actual gender gap? Using a survey-based experiment with a representative sample of 538 Israelis, we found a significant gap between perceptions and reality with regard to wages, attributes of employment, seniority within the company and education. The misperceptions were significantly higher among males. We also found that in general, both men and women underestimated the contribution of the latter to the workforce and their level of education. Similarly, they both overestimated the percentage of women in positions such as CEOs and company chairs. The results suggest the need to increase the awareness of the gender gap, particularly among men. Such awareness is the first step in narrowing the gender gap.
{"title":"(Mis)perceptions about the Gender Gap in the Labor Market","authors":"Miki Malul","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1904430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1904430","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract People’s perceptions about the gender gap might influence their attitudes about the need for policy interventions to reduce it. How accurate are these perceptions? Which gender has a better understanding about the actual gender gap? Using a survey-based experiment with a representative sample of 538 Israelis, we found a significant gap between perceptions and reality with regard to wages, attributes of employment, seniority within the company and education. The misperceptions were significantly higher among males. We also found that in general, both men and women underestimated the contribution of the latter to the workforce and their level of education. Similarly, they both overestimated the percentage of women in positions such as CEOs and company chairs. The results suggest the need to increase the awareness of the gender gap, particularly among men. Such awareness is the first step in narrowing the gender gap.","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07360932.2021.1904430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42807508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1904431
Vu Hoang Nam, H. Luu, N. Anh, T. Nguyen, H. Doan
Abstract The current Covid-19 pandemic has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. As a consequence, a myriad of concomitant economic and social activities has been frozen. Many countries have had to enforce border blockages, travel restrictions and quarantine. The pandemic has changed consumers’ attitudes significantly and driven individuals and households to the state of panic buying. This paper examines the household stockpiling in Vietnam in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data across the country. The empirical results show that householders’ education and household sizes are positively associated with the propensity that a household stocks up. However, the likelihood of a family stockpiling is lowered when members receive information about the pandemic from formal sources. There are also notable differences among the essential items being stockpiled by different households. Specifically, households living in urban areas or near (super)markets are more inclined to stock up food than other goods. By contrast, households with members working as doctors tend to spend a large portion of their stockpiling budget on medication.
{"title":"Household Stockpiling in Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam","authors":"Vu Hoang Nam, H. Luu, N. Anh, T. Nguyen, H. Doan","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1904431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1904431","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current Covid-19 pandemic has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. As a consequence, a myriad of concomitant economic and social activities has been frozen. Many countries have had to enforce border blockages, travel restrictions and quarantine. The pandemic has changed consumers’ attitudes significantly and driven individuals and households to the state of panic buying. This paper examines the household stockpiling in Vietnam in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data across the country. The empirical results show that householders’ education and household sizes are positively associated with the propensity that a household stocks up. However, the likelihood of a family stockpiling is lowered when members receive information about the pandemic from formal sources. There are also notable differences among the essential items being stockpiled by different households. Specifically, households living in urban areas or near (super)markets are more inclined to stock up food than other goods. By contrast, households with members working as doctors tend to spend a large portion of their stockpiling budget on medication.","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07360932.2021.1904431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41626430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.1080/07360932.2021.1883088
Giuseppina Autiero, A. Nese
Abstract This work analyses how ethnic background affects adolescents’ educational expectations in the UK in order to understand whether it shapes the behaviour of immigrant-origin girls differently from that of immigrant-origin boys as well as British girls and boys. We extend the literature by focusing on the role of religion as part of ethnic background since it may often be a traditionalist force hampering educational attainments. The empirical analysis relies on microdata drawn from the sixth wave of the Millennium Cohort Study. This is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study offering large-scale information on the lives of young people since when they were born-between 2000 and 2002-and on the families they are growing up in. Overall, the results show that most ethnic minorities have higher expectations than the British and that female adolescents have higher expectations than their male counterpart; gender differences do not depend on ethnicity and religion. Educational expectations are even higher among second generation teens and may reflect the optimism of immigrant parents.
{"title":"Educational Expectations: Do Ethnicity and Religion Make the Difference between Genders?","authors":"Giuseppina Autiero, A. Nese","doi":"10.1080/07360932.2021.1883088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2021.1883088","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work analyses how ethnic background affects adolescents’ educational expectations in the UK in order to understand whether it shapes the behaviour of immigrant-origin girls differently from that of immigrant-origin boys as well as British girls and boys. We extend the literature by focusing on the role of religion as part of ethnic background since it may often be a traditionalist force hampering educational attainments. The empirical analysis relies on microdata drawn from the sixth wave of the Millennium Cohort Study. This is an ongoing longitudinal cohort study offering large-scale information on the lives of young people since when they were born-between 2000 and 2002-and on the families they are growing up in. Overall, the results show that most ethnic minorities have higher expectations than the British and that female adolescents have higher expectations than their male counterpart; gender differences do not depend on ethnicity and religion. Educational expectations are even higher among second generation teens and may reflect the optimism of immigrant parents.","PeriodicalId":42478,"journal":{"name":"Forum for Social Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07360932.2021.1883088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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