Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.46692/9781529217162.004
Vanessa F. Newby
Debates on the contribution and value of area studies have punctuated the field of IR since the end of World War Two. This chapter provides a brief history of the debates between IR scholars and area studies specialists to show why international relations currently lacks the detailed regional knowledge needed to advance the Globalizing IR agenda. It reveals how critiques of area studies have always been closely connected to epistemological developments: The more IR aligned itself with the ‘scientific method’ the more it has distanced itself from area studies. The second section then discusses how methodology has played a role in restricting our regional knowledge, in particular how neo-positivist methodology can limit and proscribe research being carried out in IR. The third and final section then offers some practical suggestions for uncovering local and regional insights using pragmatic versions of process-tracing, comparative regional methods, and analyticism.
{"title":"Embracing the Particular: A Research Agenda for Globalizing International Relations","authors":"Vanessa F. Newby","doi":"10.46692/9781529217162.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529217162.004","url":null,"abstract":"Debates on the contribution and value of area studies have punctuated the field of IR since the end of World War Two. This chapter provides a brief history of the debates between IR scholars and area studies specialists to show why international relations currently lacks the detailed regional knowledge needed to advance the Globalizing IR agenda. It reveals how critiques of area studies have always been closely connected to epistemological developments: The more IR aligned itself with the ‘scientific method’ the more it has distanced itself from area studies. The second section then discusses how methodology has played a role in restricting our regional knowledge, in particular how neo-positivist methodology can limit and proscribe research being carried out in IR. The third and final section then offers some practical suggestions for uncovering local and regional insights using pragmatic versions of process-tracing, comparative regional methods, and analyticism.","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125407932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.46692/9781529217162.010
Müge Kınacıoğlu
{"title":"The Rise and Fall of an Emerging Power: Agency in Turkey’s Identity-Based Regionalism","authors":"Müge Kınacıoğlu","doi":"10.46692/9781529217162.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529217162.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128612410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529217148.003.0009
Müge Kınacıoğlu
This chapter explores Turkey’s regional agency based on the idea of regions as specific formulation of identities to discern one specific project of regionalism with a different notion of “region”, and a particular interpretation of the international order. It inquiries about Turkey’s claim to leadership and agency in its “imagined region” comprising various geographies of the world identified with the faith of Islam, in the emerging post-hegemonic global order. It demonstrates how Turkey’s objectives based on its changed self-conception under the AKP rule have given way to a different form of regionalism rooted in its claim to the leadership of the Islamic world and interrogates whether Turkey has been an agent of change in the global and regional normative order. Within this framework, the chapter traces Turkey’s emerging power trajectory and examines how Turkey has moved from pursuing a humanitarian diplomacy in seeking regional leadership and increased agency in the global affairs, to reconstituting the regional order through militarized policies and the use of force utilizing its material capabilities. The chapter mainly argues that the capacity of Turkey for agency and its ability to be a stability-provider, effective reform-seeker, rule-maker and norm-contributor are heavily constrained by its very notion of “region”.
{"title":"The Rise and Fall of an Emerging Power: Agency in Turkey’s Identity‑Based Regionalism","authors":"Müge Kınacıoğlu","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781529217148.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529217148.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Turkey’s regional agency based on the idea of regions as specific formulation of identities to discern one specific project of regionalism with a different notion of “region”, and a particular interpretation of the international order. It inquiries about Turkey’s claim to leadership and agency in its “imagined region” comprising various geographies of the world identified with the faith of Islam, in the emerging post-hegemonic global order. It demonstrates how Turkey’s objectives based on its changed self-conception under the AKP rule have given way to a different form of regionalism rooted in its claim to the leadership of the Islamic world and interrogates whether Turkey has been an agent of change in the global and regional normative order. Within this framework, the chapter traces Turkey’s emerging power trajectory and examines how Turkey has moved from pursuing a humanitarian diplomacy in seeking regional leadership and increased agency in the global affairs, to reconstituting the regional order through militarized policies and the use of force utilizing its material capabilities. The chapter mainly argues that the capacity of Turkey for agency and its ability to be a stability-provider, effective reform-seeker, rule-maker and norm-contributor are heavily constrained by its very notion of “region”.","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"401 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115989167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.46692/9781529217162.009
Nicolas Blarel
{"title":"India and West Asia: Re-Emerging Region(s)?","authors":"Nicolas Blarel","doi":"10.46692/9781529217162.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529217162.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123916150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.46692/9781529217162.005
Densua Mumford
Theories of comparative regionalism are Eurocentric and do not meaningfully explain the fundamental dynamics of diverse regional organisations in world politics. In particular, only rare attempts have been made to theorise regionalism from the perspective of African peoples, which has led to the loss of important insights for the field. Drawing on African conceptions of the international, I argue that African regional organisations are best understood as instruments used by states to build regional communities that will empower them vis-à-vis the European Other. The concept of ‘regional communities’ developed in this chapter is useful for wider scholarship in the field because it reveals the systematic vertical relationship between the region and the formal regional organisation, and it also allows for systematic horizontal comparison of diverse regional arrangements while incorporating region-specific self-understandings. This argument is illustrated with a discourse analysis of the speeches of African leaders at the founding of the Organization of African Unity (OAU).
{"title":"Building Regional Communities: The Role of Regional Organizations in Africa","authors":"Densua Mumford","doi":"10.46692/9781529217162.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529217162.005","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of comparative regionalism are Eurocentric and do not meaningfully explain the fundamental dynamics of diverse regional organisations in world politics. In particular, only rare attempts have been made to theorise regionalism from the perspective of African peoples, which has led to the loss of important insights for the field. Drawing on African conceptions of the international, I argue that African regional organisations are best understood as instruments used by states to build regional communities that will empower them vis-à-vis the European Other. The concept of ‘regional communities’ developed in this chapter is useful for wider scholarship in the field because it reveals the systematic vertical relationship between the region and the formal regional organisation, and it also allows for systematic horizontal comparison of diverse regional arrangements while incorporating region-specific self-understandings. This argument is illustrated with a discourse analysis of the speeches of African leaders at the founding of the Organization of African Unity (OAU).","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116157724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.46692/9781529217162.006
A. Bayramov
It is argued that the new literature on comparative regionalism should keep away from classical functionalism because it is an idealistic theory and it does not supposed to explain regional integration other than the EU. Against this established backdrop, the starting point of this chapter is to challenge this perception and demonstrate the usefulness of classical functionalism’s relevance to contemporary regionalism and regionalizing process in the Caspian. This chapter revises functionalism via social constructivist insights. Integrating constructivist assumptions broadens the theoretical contours of functionalism and adds a richer understanding of regional integration process highlighted by functionalism. Empirically, this chapter examines environmental regionalism in the Caspian Sea. More specifically, it shows how common environmental issues challenged the individual littoral states and brought their respective governments under the Caspian Environmental Program (CEP) in 1998. Lessons learned from environmental cooperation have spilled over into the discussion on the uncertain legal status of the sea, which culminated in the signing of the Legal Status Convention.
{"title":"Environmental Regionalism in the Caspian Sea: A Functionalist Approach","authors":"A. Bayramov","doi":"10.46692/9781529217162.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529217162.006","url":null,"abstract":"It is argued that the new literature on comparative regionalism should keep away from classical functionalism because it is an idealistic theory and it does not supposed to explain regional integration other than the EU. Against this established backdrop, the starting point of this chapter is to challenge this perception and demonstrate the usefulness of classical functionalism’s relevance to contemporary regionalism and regionalizing process in the Caspian. This chapter revises functionalism via social constructivist insights. Integrating constructivist assumptions broadens the theoretical contours of functionalism and adds a richer understanding of regional integration process highlighted by functionalism. Empirically, this chapter examines environmental regionalism in the Caspian Sea. More specifically, it shows how common environmental issues challenged the individual littoral states and brought their respective governments under the Caspian Environmental Program (CEP) in 1998. Lessons learned from environmental cooperation have spilled over into the discussion on the uncertain legal status of the sea, which culminated in the signing of the Legal Status Convention.","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128530016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.46692/9781529217162.008
B. Futák-Campbell, Jue Wang
As the largest emerging power of the international regime, China actively pursues opportunities for outward economic expansion. In doing so, the Chinese leadership is in favour of using classic Confucian concepts to explain the underlying motivations and approaches of China’s economic expansion. They differ largely from the traditional western International Relations (IR) interpretation of the Chinese foreign policy. Hereby, this research explores the Confucian revival in the Chinese leadership discourses in the context of Asian values. It aims to answer the question: how are Confucian ideas utilized for creating new meaning for Chinese foreign policy. We begin by considering how Confucianism fits into the current debates on universal norms and particularly Asian norms and values, engaging with the discussions about Globalizing the study of Regionalism and IR. Secondly, we reflect on the ways in which Confucianism has evolved over time and maintained its relevance for Chinese contemporary political thought. Finally, we contextualise the Confucian references of Xi Jinping’s administration by locating them within the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which has come to define Xi’s presidency.
{"title":"Is There Such a Thing as a Confucianist Chinese Foreign Policy? A Case Study of the Belt and Road Initiative","authors":"B. Futák-Campbell, Jue Wang","doi":"10.46692/9781529217162.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529217162.008","url":null,"abstract":"As the largest emerging power of the international regime, China actively pursues opportunities for outward economic expansion. In doing so, the Chinese leadership is in favour of using classic Confucian concepts to explain the underlying motivations and approaches of China’s economic expansion. They differ largely from the traditional western International Relations (IR) interpretation of the Chinese foreign policy. Hereby, this research explores the Confucian revival in the Chinese leadership discourses in the context of Asian values. It aims to answer the question: how are Confucian ideas utilized for creating new meaning for Chinese foreign policy. We begin by considering how Confucianism fits into the current debates on universal norms and particularly Asian norms and values, engaging with the discussions about Globalizing the study of Regionalism and IR. Secondly, we reflect on the ways in which Confucianism has evolved over time and maintained its relevance for Chinese contemporary political thought. Finally, we contextualise the Confucian references of Xi Jinping’s administration by locating them within the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which has come to define Xi’s presidency.","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122098900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chapter on environmental regionalism in East Asia focuses on the changing concepts and trajectories of regions, subregions, regionalisation and in the end regionalism experiences in East Asia. It also underlines the potential of environmental regionalism to transform these trajectories in East Asia. The first part looks at the conceptual development of East Asian regionalism with a focus on new regionalism discussions that take into account the growing impact of Globalization and the importance of regional variations, forms, agencies, and social constructs. The second part introduces the particular features of East Asian regionalism with its historically and geopolitically driven and state-led initiatives during regionalisation processes and its subregional peculiarities through different paths of Southeast (multi-layered, weakly but still institutionalized and functional arrangements) and Northeast Asia (multi-actor policy forums with intergovernmental, nongovernmental and expert-led platforms). This also shows that even subregional levels with their particular characteristics can contribute to improvement of regionalisation processes in one region and link the regional to the global. The last part focuses on the two-track nature of East Asian environmental regionalism. Then the chapter concludes that environmental issues, with their dynamic character, would be one of the channels to connect regional worlds and regionalism with Globalizm.
{"title":"Environmental Regionalism in East Asia","authors":"Aysun Uyar Makibayashi","doi":"10.2307/J.CTV1NH3MD7.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/J.CTV1NH3MD7.12","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter on environmental regionalism in East Asia focuses on the changing concepts and trajectories of regions, subregions, regionalisation and in the end regionalism experiences in East Asia. It also underlines the potential of environmental regionalism to transform these trajectories in East Asia. The first part looks at the conceptual development of East Asian regionalism with a focus on new regionalism discussions that take into account the growing impact of Globalization and the importance of regional variations, forms, agencies, and social constructs. The second part introduces the particular features of East Asian regionalism with its historically and geopolitically driven and state-led initiatives during regionalisation processes and its subregional peculiarities through different paths of Southeast (multi-layered, weakly but still institutionalized and functional arrangements) and Northeast Asia (multi-actor policy forums with intergovernmental, nongovernmental and expert-led platforms). This also shows that even subregional levels with their particular characteristics can contribute to improvement of regionalisation processes in one region and link the regional to the global. The last part focuses on the two-track nature of East Asian environmental regionalism. Then the chapter concludes that environmental issues, with their dynamic character, would be one of the channels to connect regional worlds and regionalism with Globalizm.","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114893747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-20DOI: 10.46692/9781529217162.003
Alanna O'malley
Across the twentieth century, regional pan-movements bloomed and faded alongside nation states and empires as political projects. Each pan-movement had a specific set of political ideologies, identities and visions of political organisation. Yet, by the end of the century, most of these movements had disappeared. This chapter sets to investigate the lasting effects of two of the largest global pan movements, Pan-Asianism and Pan-Africanism and situates them in the context of a global perspective on regionalism in IR. It is argued that pan-movements have enhanced the agency of actors at specific moments, culminating in a largely unrecognised influence on the shape and form of global order, with lasting impacts until today.
{"title":"A Global Perspective on Pan Movements: Regional Anomalies or Abnormal Regions?","authors":"Alanna O'malley","doi":"10.46692/9781529217162.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529217162.003","url":null,"abstract":"Across the twentieth century, regional pan-movements bloomed and faded alongside nation states and empires as political projects. Each pan-movement had a specific set of political ideologies, identities and visions of political organisation. Yet, by the end of the century, most of these movements had disappeared. This chapter sets to investigate the lasting effects of two of the largest global pan movements, Pan-Asianism and Pan-Africanism and situates them in the context of a global perspective on regionalism in IR. It is argued that pan-movements have enhanced the agency of actors at specific moments, culminating in a largely unrecognised influence on the shape and form of global order, with lasting impacts until today.","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114928676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-31DOI: 10.1515/9781400822980.IX
J. Gowa
{"title":"List of Figures and Tables","authors":"J. Gowa","doi":"10.1515/9781400822980.IX","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400822980.IX","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":425075,"journal":{"name":"Globalizing Regionalism and International Relations","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116214021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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