Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2023.2018088
Christian Puecker, Tamara Steger
In 2014, as anti-hydropower plant protests in Albania intensified, an initiative to protect rivers in the Balkans known as “Save the Blue Heart of Europe” launched the Vjosa River Campaign in Albania to save what is known as the “Last Wild River in Europe.” The Campaign’s main goals consisted of preventing the construction of hydropower plants and turning the Vjosa into Europe’s first “Wild River National Park,” a status that would severely limit future development. But, this Campaign would not be easy. Albania is a highly centralized, fragile democracy with a long history of political oppression and economic struggle whose top-down government is still generally inaccessible to public interest groups or influence. The country relies entirely on hydropower for its electricity production, leading to high uncertainties in energy security, especially in face of increasing periods of drought. The Campaign organizers and activists would have to strategize carefully and creatively to navigate the Albanian political landscape to reach its goals. What did they do? What worked or didn’t work along the way? Finally, would hydropower, considered a renewable energy source with low carbon emissions, enhance the country’s energy security? Or, would hydropower development on the Vjosa just not be worth it as a national and cultural treasure is destroyed alongside local livelihoods related to fisheries, agriculture, and tourism? Upon reading this case study, readers will learn about how environmental campaign organizers and activists mobilize in the face of the complexities of hydropower development in Albania, a struggling democracy.
{"title":"Protecting the Last Wild River in Europe from Hydropower Development in Albania: <i>An Environmental Movement Strategy in a Flawed Democracy</i>","authors":"Christian Puecker, Tamara Steger","doi":"10.1525/cse.2023.2018088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2023.2018088","url":null,"abstract":"In 2014, as anti-hydropower plant protests in Albania intensified, an initiative to protect rivers in the Balkans known as “Save the Blue Heart of Europe” launched the Vjosa River Campaign in Albania to save what is known as the “Last Wild River in Europe.” The Campaign’s main goals consisted of preventing the construction of hydropower plants and turning the Vjosa into Europe’s first “Wild River National Park,” a status that would severely limit future development. But, this Campaign would not be easy. Albania is a highly centralized, fragile democracy with a long history of political oppression and economic struggle whose top-down government is still generally inaccessible to public interest groups or influence. The country relies entirely on hydropower for its electricity production, leading to high uncertainties in energy security, especially in face of increasing periods of drought. The Campaign organizers and activists would have to strategize carefully and creatively to navigate the Albanian political landscape to reach its goals. What did they do? What worked or didn’t work along the way? Finally, would hydropower, considered a renewable energy source with low carbon emissions, enhance the country’s energy security? Or, would hydropower development on the Vjosa just not be worth it as a national and cultural treasure is destroyed alongside local livelihoods related to fisheries, agriculture, and tourism? Upon reading this case study, readers will learn about how environmental campaign organizers and activists mobilize in the face of the complexities of hydropower development in Albania, a struggling democracy.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2023.2003039
Franca Angela Buelow, Ann Brower
This case study explores how policy structures support agricultural adaptation. Using the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms of 2007–2013, this case study analyses regional implementation in the East Midlands, England. We investigate how the structures of CAP implementation and supporting regional policies might enhance adaptive capacity and resilience building. Methods include a review of the policy, qualitative analysis of policy structures as well as linguistic analysis of policy documents. The case study is an exercise of looking back to look forward—an approach to understand the preconditions for today’s decision-making structures, which have changed tremendously due to Brexit as well as new climate agreements and policies. It provides insights into the starting point of climate adaptation structures for agricultural adaptation decisions that are relevant in the gradual layering of climate change concerns into agricultural reforms after the 2007–2013 reforms of CAP. The article provides insight into (a) what kind of regulatory aspects promote adaptation the agricultural sector (b) if the implementation of the agricultural policy is characterized by adaptive governance as defined in the social-ecological systems and resilience literature. It further examines to what extent such governance arrangements can (c) result in adaptive capacity structures and, finally (d) lead to assumptions on resilience promotion.
{"title":"Structural Adaptation Triggers in the CAP: <i>Regional Implementation 2007–2013 in the East Midlands, England</i>","authors":"Franca Angela Buelow, Ann Brower","doi":"10.1525/cse.2023.2003039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2023.2003039","url":null,"abstract":"This case study explores how policy structures support agricultural adaptation. Using the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms of 2007–2013, this case study analyses regional implementation in the East Midlands, England. We investigate how the structures of CAP implementation and supporting regional policies might enhance adaptive capacity and resilience building. Methods include a review of the policy, qualitative analysis of policy structures as well as linguistic analysis of policy documents. The case study is an exercise of looking back to look forward—an approach to understand the preconditions for today’s decision-making structures, which have changed tremendously due to Brexit as well as new climate agreements and policies. It provides insights into the starting point of climate adaptation structures for agricultural adaptation decisions that are relevant in the gradual layering of climate change concerns into agricultural reforms after the 2007–2013 reforms of CAP. The article provides insight into (a) what kind of regulatory aspects promote adaptation the agricultural sector (b) if the implementation of the agricultural policy is characterized by adaptive governance as defined in the social-ecological systems and resilience literature. It further examines to what extent such governance arrangements can (c) result in adaptive capacity structures and, finally (d) lead to assumptions on resilience promotion.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135159717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2023.1824941
Michael H. Finewood, D. Holloman, M. Luebke, Sierra Leach
Environmental justice (EJ) in the United States has emerged and evolved in a range of ways. Although founded in explanations of distributional justice (i.e., place and proximity), scholars and activists have expanded our understandings of environmental (in)justice through ideas about recognition, participation, capabilities, and more. In this article, we seek to complement and extend this work by exploring EJ through the lens of a watershed. We consider the case of the Bronx River watershed where environmental injustices are not only proximate, they are also created and exacerbated through upstream/downstream relationships. In other words, the Bronx is at the receiving end of upstream environmental governance, where various forms of pollution are introduced and flow downstream, contributing to already-existing injustices. This perspective suggests the importance of a multiscalar EJ approach that brings attention to the problems created when diverse municipalities share a single watershed, and resulting environmental harms are disproportionately felt by downstream communities. We argue that there is a need to expand the canon of EJ scholarship with a focus on justice in a watershed frame. We draw on both community science data and research as well as a collaboration with the Bronx River Alliance, an environmental and community organization, to emphasize the importance of public engagement in defining and solving environmental injustices.
{"title":"The Bronx River and Environmental Justice Through the Lens of a Watershed","authors":"Michael H. Finewood, D. Holloman, M. Luebke, Sierra Leach","doi":"10.1525/cse.2023.1824941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2023.1824941","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental justice (EJ) in the United States has emerged and evolved in a range of ways. Although founded in explanations of distributional justice (i.e., place and proximity), scholars and activists have expanded our understandings of environmental (in)justice through ideas about recognition, participation, capabilities, and more. In this article, we seek to complement and extend this work by exploring EJ through the lens of a watershed. We consider the case of the Bronx River watershed where environmental injustices are not only proximate, they are also created and exacerbated through upstream/downstream relationships. In other words, the Bronx is at the receiving end of upstream environmental governance, where various forms of pollution are introduced and flow downstream, contributing to already-existing injustices. This perspective suggests the importance of a multiscalar EJ approach that brings attention to the problems created when diverse municipalities share a single watershed, and resulting environmental harms are disproportionately felt by downstream communities. We argue that there is a need to expand the canon of EJ scholarship with a focus on justice in a watershed frame. We draw on both community science data and research as well as a collaboration with the Bronx River Alliance, an environmental and community organization, to emphasize the importance of public engagement in defining and solving environmental injustices.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66887232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2023.1827932
Vishal Jamkar, M. Butler, D. Current
Internationally, numerous examples have been of efforts to promote community-based forest management (CBFM) through forest decentralization programs that promote forest conservation and livelihood improvements. Although there are successful examples, those efforts have been met with mixed success. This article proposes an analytical framework for evaluating the case studies of CBFM, highlighting the interconnection between community capital, land tenure, and markets. The analytical framework is used to analyze factors contributing to community forestry success focusing on two case studies in central India and northern Guatemala’s Maya Biosphere Reserve. We evaluate how the interplay of community capitals (i.e., community skills and resources), tenure, and markets is crucial for the successful replication of community forestry efforts. Specifically, we demonstrate that community capital factors such as social (bonding and linking), human, natural, and political; tenure factors such as a legal basis for rights, implementation of rights policy, community engagement in decision-making related to rights, withdrawal rights; and market factors such as market availability for the product, market accessibility for the producers, and profitability are the most important for facilitating and replicating community forestry efforts. Our framework can be used by nonprofits and policymakers to engage with community forestry planning as well as for monitoring and evaluation.
{"title":"Barriers and Facilitators for Successful Community Forestry: Lessons Learned and Practical Applications From Case Studies in India and Guatemala","authors":"Vishal Jamkar, M. Butler, D. Current","doi":"10.1525/cse.2023.1827932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2023.1827932","url":null,"abstract":"Internationally, numerous examples have been of efforts to promote community-based forest management (CBFM) through forest decentralization programs that promote forest conservation and livelihood improvements. Although there are successful examples, those efforts have been met with mixed success. This article proposes an analytical framework for evaluating the case studies of CBFM, highlighting the interconnection between community capital, land tenure, and markets. The analytical framework is used to analyze factors contributing to community forestry success focusing on two case studies in central India and northern Guatemala’s Maya Biosphere Reserve. We evaluate how the interplay of community capitals (i.e., community skills and resources), tenure, and markets is crucial for the successful replication of community forestry efforts. Specifically, we demonstrate that community capital factors such as social (bonding and linking), human, natural, and political; tenure factors such as a legal basis for rights, implementation of rights policy, community engagement in decision-making related to rights, withdrawal rights; and market factors such as market availability for the product, market accessibility for the producers, and profitability are the most important for facilitating and replicating community forestry efforts. Our framework can be used by nonprofits and policymakers to engage with community forestry planning as well as for monitoring and evaluation.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66887276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2023.2001786
Linda Sefouhi, Lylia Bahmed
More than 300,000 tons of industrial hazardous wastes are produced every year in Algeria. Industrial waste can cause harm to people or the environment. The study highlights the problem of a very important step of the industrial waste management which is the storage. The Algerian regulation does not specify the storage mode of the different industrial wastes. This can cause very dangerous accidents such as fires and explosions. The main research technique is modeling according to a risk analysis tool. Using our assessment method (Preliminary Hazard Analysis), various risk factors can be classified according to their contribution to environmental and human health risks. The goal of this study was to study the risks associated with storing industrial waste and to assist businesses in improving their waste management practices for the purpose of sustainable development. The initial analysis of dangers and the Risk Assessment Matrix show that hazardous wastes like used batteries, used oils, and Askarel transformers can cause serious harm to the environment and humans if not handled safely. They can make the air, water, and soil dirty, and they can also contaminate the fauna and flora.
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Industrial Waste: <i>Case of an Algerian Company</i>","authors":"Linda Sefouhi, Lylia Bahmed","doi":"10.1525/cse.2023.2001786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2023.2001786","url":null,"abstract":"More than 300,000 tons of industrial hazardous wastes are produced every year in Algeria. Industrial waste can cause harm to people or the environment. The study highlights the problem of a very important step of the industrial waste management which is the storage. The Algerian regulation does not specify the storage mode of the different industrial wastes. This can cause very dangerous accidents such as fires and explosions. The main research technique is modeling according to a risk analysis tool. Using our assessment method (Preliminary Hazard Analysis), various risk factors can be classified according to their contribution to environmental and human health risks. The goal of this study was to study the risks associated with storing industrial waste and to assist businesses in improving their waste management practices for the purpose of sustainable development. The initial analysis of dangers and the Risk Assessment Matrix show that hazardous wastes like used batteries, used oils, and Askarel transformers can cause serious harm to the environment and humans if not handled safely. They can make the air, water, and soil dirty, and they can also contaminate the fauna and flora.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135439907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2023.1831407
T. Jimbo, S. Saulei, Jimmy Moses, B. Lawong, Graham S. Kaina, R. Kiapranis, Abe Hitofumi, V. Novotný, F. Attorre, R. Testolin, D. Cicuzza
This study appraises the richness of nonwoody species (ferns, herbs, lianas, palms, and shrubs) in 31 sites across undisturbed and disturbed forests in the lowland of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and at montane forest sites at 2,700 m a.s.l. The assessment was conducted following the PNG National Forest Inventory protocol. The results indicate that with 463 nonwoody species, the tropical forest of PNG has remarkable species richness. No significant difference was observed in richness among lowland, logged and pristine, and montane forests. The study shows that the richness of nonwoody species increases with elevation, but this trend is different when considering the taxonomic group separately. Palms and lianas decrease along the elevation, whereas ferns, herbs, and shrubs are positively correlated with elevation. The species composition between lowland forest and mountain sites is different, with a tree fern and an Araliaceae as an indicator of the mountain forest. The findings demonstrate a high taxonomic richness of nonwoody species in PNG, supporting previous research but highlighting the significant contribution of nonwoody species to the overall plant richness in a tropical habitat.
{"title":"Beyond the Trees: A Comparison of Nonwoody Species, and Their Ecology, in Papua New Guinea Elevational Gradient Forest","authors":"T. Jimbo, S. Saulei, Jimmy Moses, B. Lawong, Graham S. Kaina, R. Kiapranis, Abe Hitofumi, V. Novotný, F. Attorre, R. Testolin, D. Cicuzza","doi":"10.1525/cse.2023.1831407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2023.1831407","url":null,"abstract":"This study appraises the richness of nonwoody species (ferns, herbs, lianas, palms, and shrubs) in 31 sites across undisturbed and disturbed forests in the lowland of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and at montane forest sites at 2,700 m a.s.l. The assessment was conducted following the PNG National Forest Inventory protocol. The results indicate that with 463 nonwoody species, the tropical forest of PNG has remarkable species richness. No significant difference was observed in richness among lowland, logged and pristine, and montane forests. The study shows that the richness of nonwoody species increases with elevation, but this trend is different when considering the taxonomic group separately. Palms and lianas decrease along the elevation, whereas ferns, herbs, and shrubs are positively correlated with elevation. The species composition between lowland forest and mountain sites is different, with a tree fern and an Araliaceae as an indicator of the mountain forest. The findings demonstrate a high taxonomic richness of nonwoody species in PNG, supporting previous research but highlighting the significant contribution of nonwoody species to the overall plant richness in a tropical habitat.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66887413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-15Epub Date: 2022-04-22DOI: 10.1242/dev.200200
Donn A Van Deren, Shrutokirti De, Ben Xu, Kayla M Eschenbacher, Shuhua Zhang, Mario R Capecchi
Previously, we have demonstrated that a subpopulation of microglia, known as Hoxb8 microglia, is derived from the Hoxb8 lineage during the second wave (E8.5) of yolk sac hematopoiesis, whereas canonical non-Hoxb8 microglia arise from the first wave (E7.5). Hoxb8 microglia have an ontogeny distinct from non-Hoxb8 microglia. Dysfunctional Hoxb8 microglia cause the acquisition of chronic anxiety and an obsessive-compulsive spectrum-like behavior, trichotillomania, in mice. The nature and fate of the progenitors generated during E8.5 yolk sac hematopoiesis have been controversial. Herein, we use the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter to define the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells arising during the definitive waves of hematopoiesis initiated in the E8.5 yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Our murine cell lineage analysis shows that the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter robustly marks erythromyeloid progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, particularly monocytes. Hoxb8 progenitors and microglia require Myb function, a hallmark transcription factor for definitive hematopoiesis, for propagation and maturation. During adulthood, all immune lineages and, interestingly, resident macrophages in only hematopoietic/lymphoid tissues are derived from Hoxb8 precursors. These results illustrate that the Hoxb8 lineage exclusively mirrors murine definitive hematopoiesis.
{"title":"Defining the Hoxb8 cell lineage during murine definitive hematopoiesis.","authors":"Donn A Van Deren, Shrutokirti De, Ben Xu, Kayla M Eschenbacher, Shuhua Zhang, Mario R Capecchi","doi":"10.1242/dev.200200","DOIUrl":"10.1242/dev.200200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previously, we have demonstrated that a subpopulation of microglia, known as Hoxb8 microglia, is derived from the Hoxb8 lineage during the second wave (E8.5) of yolk sac hematopoiesis, whereas canonical non-Hoxb8 microglia arise from the first wave (E7.5). Hoxb8 microglia have an ontogeny distinct from non-Hoxb8 microglia. Dysfunctional Hoxb8 microglia cause the acquisition of chronic anxiety and an obsessive-compulsive spectrum-like behavior, trichotillomania, in mice. The nature and fate of the progenitors generated during E8.5 yolk sac hematopoiesis have been controversial. Herein, we use the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter to define the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells arising during the definitive waves of hematopoiesis initiated in the E8.5 yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Our murine cell lineage analysis shows that the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter robustly marks erythromyeloid progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, particularly monocytes. Hoxb8 progenitors and microglia require Myb function, a hallmark transcription factor for definitive hematopoiesis, for propagation and maturation. During adulthood, all immune lineages and, interestingly, resident macrophages in only hematopoietic/lymphoid tissues are derived from Hoxb8 precursors. These results illustrate that the Hoxb8 lineage exclusively mirrors murine definitive hematopoiesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9124572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75610363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2022.1711284
Marina Suzuki, P. Dargusch, G. Hill
There is a growing recognition that climate change is a global challenge that requires urgent action. Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are one of the main reasons for the problem. The more GHGs are released into the atmosphere, the more the sun’s heat can be captured by those gases, leading to global warming and other ripple effects. Many countries and companies have begun to take steps to reduce their emissions. Carbon management is a method that enables them to control the release of GHGs. This report will focus on Canada’s largest bank, Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), and examine the firm’s carbon management practices towards achieving zero net emissions. This company is strongly involved with other companies’ business through financing and investment as a financial institution, indicating that it has a responsibility for both its own carbon emissions and emissions by companies which it finances or invests. The firm’s emissions mainly come from infrastructure, purchased electricity, business travel, the use of products, employee commuting, financing and investment. This company’s strategy to be carbon neutral consists of the following main pillars: making operations more efficient, helping clients with the transition to net zero, and responsible financing and investment. This report evaluates the carbon management practice of the RBC, suggesting that it needs more implementation of plans and more detailed data collection and analysis regarding its emissions to achieve the goal of net zero.
{"title":"Evaluating Carbon Management Practices of Royal Bank of Canada","authors":"Marina Suzuki, P. Dargusch, G. Hill","doi":"10.1525/cse.2022.1711284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2022.1711284","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing recognition that climate change is a global challenge that requires urgent action. Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are one of the main reasons for the problem. The more GHGs are released into the atmosphere, the more the sun’s heat can be captured by those gases, leading to global warming and other ripple effects. Many countries and companies have begun to take steps to reduce their emissions. Carbon management is a method that enables them to control the release of GHGs. This report will focus on Canada’s largest bank, Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), and examine the firm’s carbon management practices towards achieving zero net emissions. This company is strongly involved with other companies’ business through financing and investment as a financial institution, indicating that it has a responsibility for both its own carbon emissions and emissions by companies which it finances or invests. The firm’s emissions mainly come from infrastructure, purchased electricity, business travel, the use of products, employee commuting, financing and investment. This company’s strategy to be carbon neutral consists of the following main pillars: making operations more efficient, helping clients with the transition to net zero, and responsible financing and investment. This report evaluates the carbon management practice of the RBC, suggesting that it needs more implementation of plans and more detailed data collection and analysis regarding its emissions to achieve the goal of net zero.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66886755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2022.1671049
P. Tiwari, Elizabeth E. Perry, S. Tripathi
Ecotourism holds promise of localized economic and environmental benefits. Yet, these benefits are often promoted in Nepal without assessing related challenges. Officials at Chitwan National Park plan to disperse tourism benefits and use more widely across the park buffer zone. The intention is to improve regional prosperity and alleviate impacts at the current, concentrated points of park entry. Park and tourism staff and government officials have identified Nandapur, a buffer zone village, as an additional park entry point. We present the story of Nandapur villagers, as they would be most affected by local ecotourism development. This case shares synthesized information from household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions to showcase (1) how locals view this potential national-level development in their rural ethnic-minority village and (2) what methods may examine such cases. Findings suggest that opportunities are welcomed overall but that the Botey (marginalized caste) are less positive about ecotourism’s local supports and benefits than are the Magar and Tharu (privileged castes). Significant challenges are posed regarding difficulties in community–park relationships, skills development, staffing, and information availability. Readers are offered an opportunity to critically consider scale and local inclusion in ecotourism development and the local viability of such efforts.
{"title":"Social Considerations of Ecotourism Planning in Nandapur, Chitwan National Park Buffer Zone, Nepal","authors":"P. Tiwari, Elizabeth E. Perry, S. Tripathi","doi":"10.1525/cse.2022.1671049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2022.1671049","url":null,"abstract":"Ecotourism holds promise of localized economic and environmental benefits. Yet, these benefits are often promoted in Nepal without assessing related challenges. Officials at Chitwan National Park plan to disperse tourism benefits and use more widely across the park buffer zone. The intention is to improve regional prosperity and alleviate impacts at the current, concentrated points of park entry. Park and tourism staff and government officials have identified Nandapur, a buffer zone village, as an additional park entry point. We present the story of Nandapur villagers, as they would be most affected by local ecotourism development. This case shares synthesized information from household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions to showcase (1) how locals view this potential national-level development in their rural ethnic-minority village and (2) what methods may examine such cases. Findings suggest that opportunities are welcomed overall but that the Botey (marginalized caste) are less positive about ecotourism’s local supports and benefits than are the Magar and Tharu (privileged castes). Significant challenges are posed regarding difficulties in community–park relationships, skills development, staffing, and information availability. Readers are offered an opportunity to critically consider scale and local inclusion in ecotourism development and the local viability of such efforts.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66886529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2022.1464020
Ed Atkins, Lycia Harper, Jessica Paddock, Martin Parker, C. Preist
The aviation sector represents an important terrain for contemporary environmental politics and policy. This position has been complicated by the Covid-19 pandemic, which led to a dramatic slowdown in international travel and threatened the position of the aviation and airline sectors. The temporality of this decline remains unclear. In this article, we present online qualitative research that explores how people think their flying habits might change in the future—in the wake of both Covid-19 and resultant social restrictions and awareness of climate breakdown. To do so, we foreground our analysis in Bristol, United Kingdom—a city characterized by a strong brand of green politics and debates surrounding airport expansion and the role of aviation in a net-zero future. This work adopted a research design conducted entirely online, incorporating surveys disseminated via local media and online focus groups. Findings from this work demonstrate that close to 60% of those surveyed will likely fly less in a post-Covid future. Furthermore, the Covid-19 pandemic has prompted a “reimagination” of flying—with important behavioral, policy, and justice implications. Our objective in presenting this work is twofold—first to illuminate emergent patterns of behavioral change in flying post-Covid and, second, to critically reflect on conducting online qualitative research in a pandemic.
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