Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2022.1711654
M. Wagner, Michael L. Schummer, Geoff Cripe, M. Halliday, John M. Coluccy, K. Fleming
Conserving critical wildlife habitat at a regional scale can be challenging, especially when the region hosts a range of land uses, jurisdictions, and competing interests. Abundant opportunities exist for cooperation when vested conservation entities find common ground to use their unique strengths in a cooperative effort to protect and restore wetlands for wildlife and people. We present the Montezuma Wetlands Complex (MWC) Land Protection Partnership as a case study of regional conservation collaboration aimed at identifying areas in greatest need of wetland protection and restoration to support wetland wildlife and provide wildlife-based recreation. The MWC is among the most important wetland complexes in the Atlantic flyway of eastern North America for migratory birds because it provides critical migratory stopover habitat for millions of birds and regionally unique habitats for breeding birds and resident wildlife, including numerous endangered and threatened (E&T) species. This case study demonstrates how state, federal, and nonprofit entities with differing goals and objectives can partner to protect and restore critical wetland habitat for wildlife. Partners optimized efforts by developing an online survey that included physical, land cover, biological, and people/use attributes which were ranked by each partner to determine common priorities and applied these into a spatial mapping, decision-support tool. Within attribute categories, land protection (physical), emergent marshes (land use), E&T (biological), and recreational areas (people/use) were highest ranked by partners. The decision-support tool provided an objective method of ranking parcels of land for public outreach efforts by the partners to protect and restore wetland wildlife habitat.
{"title":"Land Protection Partnership in the Montezuma Wetlands Complex, New York, USA","authors":"M. Wagner, Michael L. Schummer, Geoff Cripe, M. Halliday, John M. Coluccy, K. Fleming","doi":"10.1525/cse.2022.1711654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2022.1711654","url":null,"abstract":"Conserving critical wildlife habitat at a regional scale can be challenging, especially when the region hosts a range of land uses, jurisdictions, and competing interests. Abundant opportunities exist for cooperation when vested conservation entities find common ground to use their unique strengths in a cooperative effort to protect and restore wetlands for wildlife and people. We present the Montezuma Wetlands Complex (MWC) Land Protection Partnership as a case study of regional conservation collaboration aimed at identifying areas in greatest need of wetland protection and restoration to support wetland wildlife and provide wildlife-based recreation. The MWC is among the most important wetland complexes in the Atlantic flyway of eastern North America for migratory birds because it provides critical migratory stopover habitat for millions of birds and regionally unique habitats for breeding birds and resident wildlife, including numerous endangered and threatened (E&T) species. This case study demonstrates how state, federal, and nonprofit entities with differing goals and objectives can partner to protect and restore critical wetland habitat for wildlife. Partners optimized efforts by developing an online survey that included physical, land cover, biological, and people/use attributes which were ranked by each partner to determine common priorities and applied these into a spatial mapping, decision-support tool. Within attribute categories, land protection (physical), emergent marshes (land use), E&T (biological), and recreational areas (people/use) were highest ranked by partners. The decision-support tool provided an objective method of ranking parcels of land for public outreach efforts by the partners to protect and restore wetland wildlife habitat.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66887223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1525/cse.2022.1721770
L. Conrow, Ann Brower
In 2019, a colony of rare, protected gulls established a nesting ground in the ruins of a building demolished after the 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand (NZ). Authorities intended to move the colony from their ad hoc centre-city location to a more suitable habitat to be constructed in the wetlands in the city’s eastern suburbs. This new habitat was to resemble the gulls’ natural habitat in NZ’s vast braided river plains. But after numerous delays, it seemed like the gulls were preparing for a third breeding season at the site. The conflict between conserving a protective habitat for the rare gulls to breed and progressing city renewal has called into question who belongs in a city and how science should be considered in urban and wildlife policy. Readers will be able to discuss and debate issues with balancing ecological and urban development interests, conflict that leads to contested spaces, and how these influence urban and biodiversity policy decisions.
{"title":"Human–Wildlife Competition for Space: Opportunistic Rare Birds Colonise a Disaster Recovery Zone in Christchurch, New Zealand","authors":"L. Conrow, Ann Brower","doi":"10.1525/cse.2022.1721770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2022.1721770","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, a colony of rare, protected gulls established a nesting ground in the ruins of a building demolished after the 2011 earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand (NZ). Authorities intended to move the colony from their ad hoc centre-city location to a more suitable habitat to be constructed in the wetlands in the city’s eastern suburbs. This new habitat was to resemble the gulls’ natural habitat in NZ’s vast braided river plains. But after numerous delays, it seemed like the gulls were preparing for a third breeding season at the site. The conflict between conserving a protective habitat for the rare gulls to breed and progressing city renewal has called into question who belongs in a city and how science should be considered in urban and wildlife policy. Readers will be able to discuss and debate issues with balancing ecological and urban development interests, conflict that leads to contested spaces, and how these influence urban and biodiversity policy decisions.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66887329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-13DOI: 10.1525/cse.2021.1342727
J. Yombai, P. Klimeš, P. Dargusch, Aloysius Posman, Ondřej Mottl, Alfred Mani, V. Novotný
Previous studies have provided important scientific information on ant species richness and composition relating to the effects of elevation, sampling approaches, stratification, and forest succession. Yet, they have primarily focused on single sites or regions. Knowledge of ant ecology should also include the impact of disturbance in various forest types. Tuna baiting and hand collection methods were used to investigate diversity and community composition of ants in 16 sites sampled across Papua New Guinea, in both disturbed and pristine forest, at heights ranging from 28 to 2,728 m above sea level. We found 176 species as a result of exposing 320 tuna baits and traversing 72 hand-searched plots. Baiting samples were strongly dominated by a few common species, while the hand-collecting captured more species per plot. The Chao 2 richness estimator for both methods predicted undersampling of the local community. As expected, ant species diversity and richness significantly decrease with increasing elevation. We observed, on average, greater species diversity of ground-dwelling ant communities in disturbed compared to undisturbed forests. The effect was not significant using multivariate randomisations, since the same species dominated both forest classes. The unexpected pattern of ant species richness being locally higher in the disturbed sites is driven by our sampling of undisturbed communities at all elevations, but sampling of the disturbed communities only up to 1,600 m above sea level. Hence, future studies should consider more locations, aiming ideally for an equal sampling effort to capture disturbance stage and elevation.
{"title":"Ant Species Diversity, Distribution, and Community Composition in Different Forest Types in Papua New Guinea","authors":"J. Yombai, P. Klimeš, P. Dargusch, Aloysius Posman, Ondřej Mottl, Alfred Mani, V. Novotný","doi":"10.1525/cse.2021.1342727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2021.1342727","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have provided important scientific information on ant species richness and composition relating to the effects of elevation, sampling approaches, stratification, and forest succession. Yet, they have primarily focused on single sites or regions. Knowledge of ant ecology should also include the impact of disturbance in various forest types. Tuna baiting and hand collection methods were used to investigate diversity and community composition of ants in 16 sites sampled across Papua New Guinea, in both disturbed and pristine forest, at heights ranging from 28 to 2,728 m above sea level. We found 176 species as a result of exposing 320 tuna baits and traversing 72 hand-searched plots. Baiting samples were strongly dominated by a few common species, while the hand-collecting captured more species per plot. The Chao 2 richness estimator for both methods predicted undersampling of the local community. As expected, ant species diversity and richness significantly decrease with increasing elevation. We observed, on average, greater species diversity of ground-dwelling ant communities in disturbed compared to undisturbed forests. The effect was not significant using multivariate randomisations, since the same species dominated both forest classes. The unexpected pattern of ant species richness being locally higher in the disturbed sites is driven by our sampling of undisturbed communities at all elevations, but sampling of the disturbed communities only up to 1,600 m above sea level. Hence, future studies should consider more locations, aiming ideally for an equal sampling effort to capture disturbance stage and elevation.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47184386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1525/cse.2021.1422042
Clint Jacobs, Candy Donaldson, J. Ives, K. Keeshig, Torey Day, C. Febria
In response to a growing interest in building Indigenous-led educational experiences, we codeveloped a land-based field course that wove Indigenous ways of knowing together with Western ecological concepts. The spirit of the course was the one rooted in varied ways of knowing nature, on the land, the water, and the culture—to see the Great Lakes from an Anishinaabe perspective. Situated in the heart of the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin at Bkejwanong Territory (Walpole Island First Nation), in the Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations (Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi) on Turtle Island (North America), this inaugural undergraduate university course was led by an Indigenous instructor with contributions from non-Indigenous science faculty from the university and local community knowledge keepers. Here, we describe our journey in cocreating land-based teaching modules with Indigenous scholars and scholars at the University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. We focused on experiences that exposed students to traditional ways of knowing nature, and reflections were used as the main teaching pedagogy. The course offered daily perspectives and activities across land and water and examined dimensions of biodiversity as sacred beings and medicine. Outcomes and indicators of success were driven by the individual’s reflection and evaluation on their own growth, as expressed through a final project aimed at bridging knowledges, supporting community initiatives or both. This case is designed to offer an example that has potential for application to many other contexts where community-faculty partnerships and land-based learning opportunities are available.
{"title":"Weaving Indigenous and Western Science Knowledges Through a Land-Based Field Course at Bkejwanong Territory (Laurentian Great Lakes)","authors":"Clint Jacobs, Candy Donaldson, J. Ives, K. Keeshig, Torey Day, C. Febria","doi":"10.1525/cse.2021.1422042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2021.1422042","url":null,"abstract":"In response to a growing interest in building Indigenous-led educational experiences, we codeveloped a land-based field course that wove Indigenous ways of knowing together with Western ecological concepts. The spirit of the course was the one rooted in varied ways of knowing nature, on the land, the water, and the culture—to see the Great Lakes from an Anishinaabe perspective. Situated in the heart of the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin at Bkejwanong Territory (Walpole Island First Nation), in the Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations (Ojibwe, Odawa, and Potawatomi) on Turtle Island (North America), this inaugural undergraduate university course was led by an Indigenous instructor with contributions from non-Indigenous science faculty from the university and local community knowledge keepers. Here, we describe our journey in cocreating land-based teaching modules with Indigenous scholars and scholars at the University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. We focused on experiences that exposed students to traditional ways of knowing nature, and reflections were used as the main teaching pedagogy. The course offered daily perspectives and activities across land and water and examined dimensions of biodiversity as sacred beings and medicine. Outcomes and indicators of success were driven by the individual’s reflection and evaluation on their own growth, as expressed through a final project aimed at bridging knowledges, supporting community initiatives or both. This case is designed to offer an example that has potential for application to many other contexts where community-faculty partnerships and land-based learning opportunities are available.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47332639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1525/CSE.2021.1223118
M. Kiparsky, K. Miller, W. Blomquist, Annapurna Holtzapple, Anita Milman
The Orange County Water District (OCWD) was created in 1933 by the California Legislature and tasked with managing water resources in Orange County. As a part of its strategy to fight seawater intrusion and guarantee a reliable groundwater supply in the basin, OCWD built a recycled wastewater facility that treats wastewater received from the Orange County Sanitation District and recharges the water into the basin through injection wells and infiltration ponds. OCWD’s first recycled wastewater facility, Water Factory 21, began operating in 1975 and was replaced in 2008 by the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS). Recharged water not serving as a barrier for seawater instruction is pumped by local water districts and municipalities (referred to as “producers”), who pay a pumping fee to OCWD. Water provided by GWRS is both more reliable and less expensive for the producers than water acquired from other sources, including imported surface water. In responding to the recognized threat of seawater intrusion, OCWD owes its success to creatively enabling recharge through the development of novel source water. OCWD’s broad purview and authority to manage groundwater, combined with its effective implementation and long-term stewardship of the recharge program as it has evolved over many years, have enabled innovation in MAR using treated wastewater.
{"title":"Groundwater Recharge to Address Seawater Intrusion and Supply in an Urban Coastal Aquifer","authors":"M. Kiparsky, K. Miller, W. Blomquist, Annapurna Holtzapple, Anita Milman","doi":"10.1525/CSE.2021.1223118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/CSE.2021.1223118","url":null,"abstract":"The Orange County Water District (OCWD) was created in 1933 by the California Legislature and tasked with managing water resources in Orange County. As a part of its strategy to fight seawater intrusion and guarantee a reliable groundwater supply in the basin, OCWD built a recycled wastewater facility that treats wastewater received from the Orange County Sanitation District and recharges the water into the basin through injection wells and infiltration ponds. OCWD’s first recycled wastewater facility, Water Factory 21, began operating in 1975 and was replaced in 2008 by the Groundwater Replenishment System (GWRS). Recharged water not serving as a barrier for seawater instruction is pumped by local water districts and municipalities (referred to as “producers”), who pay a pumping fee to OCWD. Water provided by GWRS is both more reliable and less expensive for the producers than water acquired from other sources, including imported surface water. In responding to the recognized threat of seawater intrusion, OCWD owes its success to creatively enabling recharge through the development of novel source water. OCWD’s broad purview and authority to manage groundwater, combined with its effective implementation and long-term stewardship of the recharge program as it has evolved over many years, have enabled innovation in MAR using treated wastewater.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47173577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1525/cse.2021.1354231
Yu Gao, D. Wadley
Since the national reform and opening policy of 1978, textile manufacturing has played a vital role in China’s advance. Confronted with the global importance of sustainable development, the industry faces a range of environmental and economic challenges. This inquiry addresses the issues created in an old industrial area and outlines ways in which textile production can be updated. Xiangyang City is taken as the case study, with the focus on three aspects: the use of renewable energy, energy recycling, and industrial tourism initiatives. This study summarizes the current situation and main environmental challenges in China’s textile production and can assist researchers by suggesting development directions and strategies for industrial upgrading and land uses.
{"title":"Environmental and Economic Transformation of an Old Industrial Area","authors":"Yu Gao, D. Wadley","doi":"10.1525/cse.2021.1354231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2021.1354231","url":null,"abstract":"Since the national reform and opening policy of 1978, textile manufacturing has played a vital role in China’s advance. Confronted with the global importance of sustainable development, the industry faces a range of environmental and economic challenges. This inquiry addresses the issues created in an old industrial area and outlines ways in which textile production can be updated. Xiangyang City is taken as the case study, with the focus on three aspects: the use of renewable energy, energy recycling, and industrial tourism initiatives. This study summarizes the current situation and main environmental challenges in China’s textile production and can assist researchers by suggesting development directions and strategies for industrial upgrading and land uses.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43496189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1525/cse.2021.1424133
N. Sam, P. Nimiago, T. Gaima, M. Gamung, L. Moripi, Y. Matsuura, A. Sumareke, J. Walters, Masahiko Haraguchi, H. Abe, P. Mcintosh
Preliminary assessment of carbon in forest soils of Papua New Guinea (PNG) was done for 53 sites. Simple soil-landscape model was constructed to explain how soil carbon relates to landscape position and landform processes. Despite limitations of the soil survey, sufficient data have been obtained to indicate that the amount of carbon in forest soils surveyed so far is related primarily to their carbon-complexing capacity (CCC) which, in turn, depends on their geological parent material and parent rock. Soils were grouped into six categories based on their carbon content. The six categories ranged from very low 0–50 t/ha to extremely high 601–1,000 t/ha. Amalgamating the areas of mapped geological units on the basis of their likely CCC and their median carbon content has enabled the total carbon content of all forest soils in PNG to be estimated as 7,727 × 106 t. This figure is approximate and will be modified as more results are obtained and more sophisticated GIS-based landscape analysis is undertaken. The total carbon in forest biomass, as measured in this National Inventory and estimated for roots, is 4,006 × 106 t. Thus, the total carbon in PNG’s forests at present is estimated to be 11,733 × 106 t, with 66% stored in the soil and 34% in the biomass. The high proportion of ecosystem carbon held in the soil emphasises the importance of implementing soil conservation measures to maintain the total carbon resource in PNG’s forests.
{"title":"How Much Carbon Do the Soils of Papua New Guinea Forests Contain?","authors":"N. Sam, P. Nimiago, T. Gaima, M. Gamung, L. Moripi, Y. Matsuura, A. Sumareke, J. Walters, Masahiko Haraguchi, H. Abe, P. Mcintosh","doi":"10.1525/cse.2021.1424133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2021.1424133","url":null,"abstract":"Preliminary assessment of carbon in forest soils of Papua New Guinea (PNG) was done for 53 sites. Simple soil-landscape model was constructed to explain how soil carbon relates to landscape position and landform processes. Despite limitations of the soil survey, sufficient data have been obtained to indicate that the amount of carbon in forest soils surveyed so far is related primarily to their carbon-complexing capacity (CCC) which, in turn, depends on their geological parent material and parent rock. Soils were grouped into six categories based on their carbon content. The six categories ranged from very low 0–50 t/ha to extremely high 601–1,000 t/ha. Amalgamating the areas of mapped geological units on the basis of their likely CCC and their median carbon content has enabled the total carbon content of all forest soils in PNG to be estimated as 7,727 × 106 t. This figure is approximate and will be modified as more results are obtained and more sophisticated GIS-based landscape analysis is undertaken. The total carbon in forest biomass, as measured in this National Inventory and estimated for roots, is 4,006 × 106 t. Thus, the total carbon in PNG’s forests at present is estimated to be 11,733 × 106 t, with 66% stored in the soil and 34% in the biomass. The high proportion of ecosystem carbon held in the soil emphasises the importance of implementing soil conservation measures to maintain the total carbon resource in PNG’s forests.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43512157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1525/cse.2021.1428433
W. R. Calhoun, K. Cecala
North Carolina is the second largest pork producer in the United States where 10 million hogs are raised annually resulting in 10 billion gallons of waste. Environmental risks, including the contamination of ground and surface water contamination, exist when the amount of nutrients in animal waste exceeds the assimilative capacity of available farmlands. This case study introduces students to the environmental impact of hog production associated with concentrated animal feeding operations and the externalized costs of industrial farms on freshwater and coastal ecosystems. A particular focus is on factors related to the location, governance, and monitoring of these industrial farms. The case engages with the long-standing challenge of how to better align economic development with environmental protection. The case allows students to explore the competing motivations of a diverse group of stakeholders and appreciate the challenges faced when private economic decisions made by business entities move into the public realm due to threats to the health and safety of the public and environment. Students should gain insight into the economic and regulatory factors that contributed to the proliferation of large, industrialized hog farms in North Carolina and how these same factors impact the development and implementation of solutions to mitigate environmental risk.
{"title":"At the Expense of the Environment","authors":"W. R. Calhoun, K. Cecala","doi":"10.1525/cse.2021.1428433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2021.1428433","url":null,"abstract":"North Carolina is the second largest pork producer in the United States where 10 million hogs are raised annually resulting in 10 billion gallons of waste. Environmental risks, including the contamination of ground and surface water contamination, exist when the amount of nutrients in animal waste exceeds the assimilative capacity of available farmlands. This case study introduces students to the environmental impact of hog production associated with concentrated animal feeding operations and the externalized costs of industrial farms on freshwater and coastal ecosystems. A particular focus is on factors related to the location, governance, and monitoring of these industrial farms. The case engages with the long-standing challenge of how to better align economic development with environmental protection. The case allows students to explore the competing motivations of a diverse group of stakeholders and appreciate the challenges faced when private economic decisions made by business entities move into the public realm due to threats to the health and safety of the public and environment. Students should gain insight into the economic and regulatory factors that contributed to the proliferation of large, industrialized hog farms in North Carolina and how these same factors impact the development and implementation of solutions to mitigate environmental risk.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42727756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1525/CSE.2020.1223981
K. Miller, P. Goulden, Kate Fritz, M. Kiparsky, J. Tracy, Anita Milman
The Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer (ESPA) Recharge Program aims to recharge an average of 250,000 AFY to mitigate the effects of groundwater pumping on surface water resources and, in doing so, to reduce conflicts between surface and groundwater users. The Idaho Water Resources Board (IWRB) partners with canal and irrigation companies to use IWRB’s surface water rights to conduct aquifer recharge through in- and off-canal seepage and direct injection wells. The canal and irrigation companies are paid by IWRB to use their canals and property for recharge sites. From 2014 to 2019, the program achieved 249,028 AFY of average recharge per year. The ESPA Recharge Program serves as a good example of a statewide recharge program that addresses challenges in managing highly connected groundwater and surface water. Moreover, it illustrates the incentives that can emerge for joint management of groundwater and surface water based on legal regimes that integrate the two. The ESPA Recharge Program particularly benefited from its centralized structure, with one state agency, IWRB, given sole control of implementing the recharge program. Nevertheless, the program faces some future obstacles, namely, in securing long-term funding, building out conveyance capacity to transport water to recharge sites during wet years, and modeling groundwater resources adequately.
{"title":"Groundwater Recharge to Address Integrated Groundwater and Surface Waters","authors":"K. Miller, P. Goulden, Kate Fritz, M. Kiparsky, J. Tracy, Anita Milman","doi":"10.1525/CSE.2020.1223981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/CSE.2020.1223981","url":null,"abstract":"The Eastern Snake Plain Aquifer (ESPA) Recharge Program aims to recharge an average of 250,000 AFY to mitigate the effects of groundwater pumping on surface water resources and, in doing so, to reduce conflicts between surface and groundwater users. The Idaho Water Resources Board (IWRB) partners with canal and irrigation companies to use IWRB’s surface water rights to conduct aquifer recharge through in- and off-canal seepage and direct injection wells. The canal and irrigation companies are paid by IWRB to use their canals and property for recharge sites. From 2014 to 2019, the program achieved 249,028 AFY of average recharge per year. The ESPA Recharge Program serves as a good example of a statewide recharge program that addresses challenges in managing highly connected groundwater and surface water. Moreover, it illustrates the incentives that can emerge for joint management of groundwater and surface water based on legal regimes that integrate the two. The ESPA Recharge Program particularly benefited from its centralized structure, with one state agency, IWRB, given sole control of implementing the recharge program. Nevertheless, the program faces some future obstacles, namely, in securing long-term funding, building out conveyance capacity to transport water to recharge sites during wet years, and modeling groundwater resources adequately.","PeriodicalId":42507,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in the Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47359160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.1525/CSE.2021.1245648
K. Miller, Anita Milman, M. Kiparsky
Unsustainable management of groundwater basins has led to groundwater depletion, with impacts to human and environmental systems that will be exacerbated by the hydrologic effects of climate change. Increasing inflows to groundwater basins through managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is a mechanism that can help bring aquifers into sustainable balance, yet in spite of significant physical potential, MAR remains underused. Increasing emphasis on the technical aspects of MAR has served to improve knowledge of the science needed to implement MAR. However, water managers often express anecdotally that institutional elements are equally important determinants, challenges, and potential drivers of MAR. In this special collection, we examine the institutional elements that enable, or gate progress on, MAR by presenting and comparing examples of successful MAR implementation from around the United States. The case studies depict the deep connection between water management objectives of MAR and institutional contexts and design. The motivations for MAR in these case studies fall into four broad categories: water supply risk management, groundwater banking, addressing interconnected groundwater and surface water, and recharge for broader aquifer or environmental benefits. In each case study, these water management objectives help determine key managerial and administrative issues that need to be addressed and accordingly the institutional shape of a MAR project. Ultimately, empirical efforts such as this special section may help demystify this process and enable more rapid adoption and diffusion of MAR.
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