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Appreciating, (Re)-Thinking and Diversifying Arts Education: Learning to Be a Choral Conductor/ Trainer/Director/Educator in Kenya 欣赏、(再)思考和多样化的艺术教育:在肯尼亚学习成为一名合唱指挥/培训师/导演/教育家
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2021.1890191
Mukasa S. Wafula
Abstract The tremendous growth of choral music in Kenya over the last 50 years has largely been realised in three major establishments, namely: the Church, institutions of learning, and political arenas. Whereas choral music presents a field that can draw from diverse inquiries, the article focuses on music education as a component of choral music. It is motivated by the concern that the majority of choral trainers/directors/educators in Kenya are not products of formal choral training programmes. For the few who have obtained formal musicology, ethnomusicology and music education qualifications, observation shows that choral training or directing either forms a minimal part of, or is not included in, the various certificate, diploma or degree courses offered. Although conducting and/or art music as course units are offered in selected universities no institution of learning in Kenya offers a full course that focuses clearly on training choral trainers/directors/educators. Thus, choral directors may be the product of music training programmes other than formal school curricula. Whether in institutions of learning or the Church, the article views a choir situation as an alternative classroom, where the choral conductor/trainer/director/educator not only artistically imparts knowledge to the singers (learners), but also to prospective choral directors, hence acting as a role model. Therefore, the article demonstrates the alternative methodologies employed in Kenyan choral music. To address these concerns, the study relied on an ethnographic research approach that involved interviewing choral artistes, as well as observing how they practise their music, besides group interactive strategies.
摘要在过去的50年里,肯尼亚合唱音乐的巨大发展主要在三个主要机构实现,即:教会、学术机构和政治舞台。鉴于合唱音乐是一个可以从不同的调查中获得灵感的领域,本文将音乐教育作为合唱音乐的一个组成部分。其动机是担心肯尼亚的大多数合唱培训师/主任/教育工作者不是正规合唱培训计划的产物。对于少数获得正式音乐学、民族音乐学和音乐教育资格的人来说,观察表明,合唱培训或指导要么是所提供的各种证书、文凭或学位课程的最低组成部分,要么不包括在内。尽管在选定的大学中提供了指挥和/或艺术音乐作为课程单元,但肯尼亚的任何一所学校都没有提供明确侧重于培训合唱培训师/导演/教育工作者的完整课程。因此,合唱指挥可能是正规学校课程之外的音乐培训计划的产物。无论是在学习机构还是教会,文章都将唱诗班的情况视为一种替代课堂,在这里,唱诗班指挥/培训师/导演/教育者不仅艺术地向歌手(学习者)传授知识,还向未来的唱诗班导演传授知识,从而成为榜样。因此,本文展示了肯尼亚合唱音乐中采用的替代方法。为了解决这些问题,该研究采用了人种学研究方法,包括采访合唱艺术家,以及观察他们如何练习音乐,以及群体互动策略。
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引用次数: 2
Exploring the Efficacy of Deliberate Practice and Memorisation Skills in the Process of Learning Debussy’s L’Isle joyeuse: A Practice-Led Study 探索刻意练习和记忆技巧在学习德彪西《快乐岛》过程中的效果:一项以实践为主导的研究
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2021.1918020
Hester Rhoodie, Simon-Petrus du Toit
Abstract In a practice-led study, the authors explored the process followed by classical pianists when learning new repertoire at an advanced level. The study drew on accounts by professional pianists and pedagogues, as well as on case studies of the learning process in musicians. Further, the study drew on literature about practice and memorisation. It incorporated the second author’s own documented process of learning Claude Debussy’s L’Isle joyeuse. Audio recordings and journal entries from each practice session during his learning process were transcribed and a description of the learning process is presented. The process was divided into four stages, namely, initial learning, first revision, second revision (memorisation), and polishing. The results are discussed and compared with the literature. The study found that an efficient learning process reflects the late Swedish psychologist K. Anders Ericsson’s principles of deliberate practice and acquisition of long-term working memory. It further found that practice strategies which introduce contextual interference into the process could be beneficial, as could concentrated, musical slow practice. Other beneficial techniques include mental practice in order to strengthen memorisation.
在一项以实践为主导的研究中,作者探讨了古典钢琴家在学习高级曲目时所遵循的过程。这项研究借鉴了专业钢琴家和教师的说法,以及音乐家学习过程的案例研究。此外,该研究还借鉴了有关练习和记忆的文献。它包含了第二位作者自己的学习克劳德·德彪西的《欢乐岛》的记录过程。在他的学习过程中,每次练习的录音和日志记录都被转录,并对学习过程进行了描述。这个过程分为四个阶段,即初始学习,第一次复习,第二次复习(记忆)和润色。对所得结果进行了讨论,并与文献进行了比较。研究发现,有效的学习过程反映了已故瑞典心理学家K. Anders Ericsson的刻意练习和获得长期工作记忆的原则。研究进一步发现,在练习过程中引入语境干扰的练习策略可能是有益的,集中注意力的音乐慢速练习也是有益的。其他有益的技巧包括加强记忆的心理练习。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 社论
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2021.1935503
Marc Duby
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引用次数: 0
Sikeyi: In Memoriam – Johnny Clegg (1953–2019) 斯克伊:纪念约翰尼·克莱格(1953-2019)
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2021.1895534
T. Pooley
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引用次数: 0
Sex Sells: Sexual Metaphors in Selected Nigerian Hip-Hop Music 性销售:尼日利亚嘻哈音乐选集中的性隐喻
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2019.1635517
Adeola Ojoawo, A. Akande
Abstract “Sex sells” is a thriving trend in the hip-hop world which certainly applies to contemporary Nigerian hip-hop music, despite the Nigerian socio-cultural restriction. Studies of Nigerian hip-hop music have focused on the effects of sexual content, with a few focused on the strategies used in the discussion of sexual themes. Fewer studies, however, have examined metaphors of sex and body parts in Nigerian hip-hop music. This paper investigates the use of linguistic metaphors of sex in contemporary Nigerian hip-hop music with insights drawn centrally from the theory of embodiment and Odebunmi's approach to context. Sixteen tracks from eight contemporary Nigerian hip-hop artistes, comprising three females and five males, were selected through stratified random sampling. The selection was based on the recurring themes of sex and sexuality and wide acceptability and accessibility of their songs. The study revealed that metaphors of sex did not totally have cultural and religious allegiance, and that sex was cognitively described as a game, food, and music in the music. The work also revealed that sex linguistic metaphors were used freely in the music despite some socio-cultural restrictions. It was concluded that the use of metaphors constituted a powerful tool in understanding the perception of sexuality by youths in contemporary Nigerian hip-hop music.
摘要“性销售”是嘻哈世界的一种蓬勃发展的趋势,这当然适用于当代尼日利亚嘻哈音乐,尽管尼日利亚有社会文化限制。对尼日利亚嘻哈音乐的研究集中在性内容的影响上,少数研究集中在讨论性主题时使用的策略上。然而,研究尼日利亚嘻哈音乐中性和身体部位隐喻的研究较少。本文主要从体现理论和奥德邦米的语境方法中汲取见解,研究了当代尼日利亚嘻哈音乐中性的语言隐喻的使用。通过分层随机抽样,从八位尼日利亚当代嘻哈艺人中选出了16首曲目,其中包括三位女性和五位男性。评选是基于性和性的反复出现的主题,以及他们歌曲的广泛可接受性和可访问性。研究表明,性的隐喻并不完全具有文化和宗教忠诚,性在认知上被描述为音乐中的游戏、食物和音乐。这项研究还表明,尽管存在一些社会文化限制,但性语言隐喻在音乐中被自由使用。结论是,隐喻的使用是理解当代尼日利亚嘻哈音乐中年轻人对性的感知的有力工具。
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引用次数: 3
Learning Collectively in a South African High School Choir Community of Musical Practice through Dalcroze-Inspired Activities 通过dalcroze启发的活动,在南非高中合唱团社区集体学习音乐实践
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2020.1810109
Melindie Pretorius, Liesl van der Merwe
Abstract The purpose of this case study was to explore the extent to which Dalcroze-inspired activities can facilitate collective learning in a choir as a community of musical practice (CoMP). The research intervention was conducted in a newly formed multi-ethnic high school choir in Germiston, Gauteng, South Africa. Data sources included in-depth semi-structured interviews, researcher field notes of rehearsals and concerts, video recordings of weekly rehearsals, as well as lesson plans developed for each rehearsal. The data was analysed within the conceptual framework of the social theory of collective learning as developed by Wenger (1998) and expanded by Murillo's (2011) conceptualisation of: (1) engagement in practice (learning as doing); (2) a community of musical practice (learning as belonging); (3) construction of personal identity (learning as becoming); and (4) negotiation of meaning (learning as experiencing). The findings expanded the theoretical framework of collective learning. It was found that Dalcroze-inspired activities nurture collective learning and form an essential part of choristers’ feelings of belonging in a choir as a CoMP.
摘要本案例研究的目的是探索Dalcroze启发的活动在多大程度上可以促进合唱团作为音乐实践社区(CoMP)的集体学习。研究干预是在南非豪登省Germiston一所新成立的多民族高中合唱团中进行的。数据来源包括深入的半结构化访谈、排练和音乐会的研究人员现场笔记、每周排练的视频记录,以及为每次排练制定的课程计划。这些数据是在Wenger(1998)提出的集体学习社会理论的概念框架内进行分析的,Murillo(2011)对其进行了扩展:(1)参与实践(边做边学);(2) 一个音乐实践社区(作为归属进行学习);(3) 构建个人身份(学习即成为);(4)意义协商(学习即体验)。研究结果扩展了集体学习的理论框架。研究发现,受Dalcroze启发的活动培养了集体学习,并成为合唱团作为CoMP的归属感的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial 编辑
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2021.1904718
T. Pooley
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引用次数: 0
Death and Ubuntu in Oliver Mtukudzi's Music 奥利弗音乐中的死亡与Ubuntu
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2020.1810110
C. Chasi, Cuthbeth Tagwirei
Abstract The musical lyrics of the late Oliver “Tuku” Mtukudzi (1952–2019), by focusing on social-cultural values and practices, are an unexplored but valuable resource for the purpose of thinking about ubuntu and death. In this article, the authors put forward a nuanced examination of the corpus of Tuku's music on death that reveals multiple, inconsistent, contradictory and interrelated insights into how ubuntu and death speak to each other. Getting to deep understandings of some of these consistencies and contradictions requires examination of the contexts, audiences, motives, and other factors that relate to particular songs. In part because of this the authors do not seek to suggest that any contradictions or inconsistencies they identify are evidence of failures or omissions in Tuku's thoughts on ubuntu and death. Rather, they seek to recognise Tuku's appreciation for how ubuntu and death bear many contingent, commensurable, incommensurable, fragile and even unspeakable meanings in the existential course of a life – in the fearsome face of death. From this vantage point, the authors recognise and value Tuku's practices of (indirect) communication. Specifically, they aver that Tuku's indirect communication exemplifies right ways of talking about concerns relating to how people should live and die. In doing this, they offer new insights into right ways of conducting indirect communication to respectfully communicate, to produce and to reproduce desired societies in which everyone can be the most that they can be.
摘要已故Oliver“Tuku”Mtukudzi(1952–2019)的音乐歌词,通过关注社会文化价值观和实践,是一种未经探索但有价值的资源,用于思考乌班图和死亡。在这篇文章中,作者对图库关于死亡的音乐语料库进行了细致入微的研究,揭示了对乌班图和死亡如何相互交流的多重、不一致、矛盾和相互关联的见解。要深入理解其中的一些一致性和矛盾性,需要考察与特定歌曲相关的背景、受众、动机和其他因素。部分原因是,作者并不试图表明他们发现的任何矛盾或不一致都是图库对乌班图和死亡思想失败或遗漏的证据。相反,他们试图认识到图库对乌班图和死亡在生命的存在过程中——在可怕的死亡面前——如何具有许多偶然的、可同量的、不可通量的、脆弱的甚至无法言说的意义的赞赏。从这个角度出发,作者认可并重视图库的(间接)沟通实践。具体来说,他们断言,图库的间接交流体现了谈论人们应该如何生活和死亡的正确方式。在这样做的过程中,他们对进行间接沟通的正确方式提供了新的见解,以尊重地进行沟通,创造和复制期望的社会,在这个社会中,每个人都可以做到最好。
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引用次数: 0
“Mdhara Vachauya” (The Old Man Is Coming) and “Kutonga Kwaro” (His/Her Style of Governance): Analysing Jah Prayzah’s Music in Zimbabwe’s Tumultuous Political Context “Mdhara Vachauya”(《老人来了》)和“Kutonga Kwaro”(他/她的治理风格)——在津巴布韦动荡的政治背景下分析Jah Prayzah的音乐
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2020.1840309
E. Chitando, O. Mlambo
Abstract Music has never been politically neutral; rather, it is composed and performed in definite historical, social, political and economic contexts. Furthermore, musical lyrics often carry open or hidden political messages. The interpretation of musical texts has thus often generated contestation in different contexts. This article examines the appropriation and contested interpretation of two songs by one artist, Jah Prayzah (the stage name of Mukudzei Mukombe), in Zimbabwe during the last years of the late President Robert Mugabe’s rule. It analyses how these two songs were utilised in political struggles by different players on the Zimbabwean political scene. The article argues that the malleability of songs enabled various political groups to adopt Jah Prayzah’s song “Mdhara Vachauya” (The old man is coming!) released in 2016 to express their hopes and aspirations. Similarly, his song “Kutonga Kwaro” (His/her style of governance) was embraced by one faction in the Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) to call for a change of guard. When Emmerson Mnangagwa, Mugabe’s deputy, assumed power on 24 November 2017, the theme song was “Kutonga Kwaro”, newly released in the same year. Its ascendancy, like his own, had been severely contested. However, musical texts are not entirely divorced from the identity of the artist. Thus, Jah Prayzah’s personality and self-presentation are also analysed in the article. The central argument is that the artist’s self-packaging, perceived political loyalties and association had a distinct impact on the reception of his music.
抽象音乐从来都不是政治中立的;相反,它是在特定的历史、社会、政治和经济背景下创作和表演的。此外,音乐歌词往往带有公开或隐藏的政治信息。因此,对音乐文本的解读经常在不同的语境中产生争议。这篇文章探讨了已故总统罗伯特·穆加贝统治的最后几年,艺术家Jah Prayzah(Mukudzei Mukombe的艺名)在津巴布韦对两首歌曲的挪用和有争议的解读。它分析了这两首歌是如何被津巴布韦政治舞台上的不同参与者用于政治斗争的。文章认为,歌曲的可塑性使各个政治团体能够采用Jah Prayzah在2016年发行的歌曲《Mdhara Vachauya》(老人来了!)来表达他们的希望和抱负。同样,他的歌曲《Kutonga Kwaro》(他/她的治理风格)也受到津巴布韦非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线(ZANU-PF)中一个派系的欢迎,呼吁换防。当穆加贝的副手Emmerson Mnangagwa于2017年11月24日掌权时,主题曲是同年新发行的《Kutonga Kwaro》。它的统治地位,就像他自己的统治地位一样,受到了激烈的竞争。然而,音乐文本并没有完全脱离艺术家的身份。因此,文章还分析了贾的人格和自我呈现。核心论点是,艺术家的自我包装、政治忠诚和联想对他的音乐接受度产生了明显的影响。
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引用次数: 1
Namadu Drum Music and Dance as Mediation of Healing Rituals among the Bagwere People of Uganda 纳马杜鼓乐和舞蹈作为乌干达巴格瓦人治疗仪式的中介
IF 0.3 0 MUSIC Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/18125980.2021.1885304
James Isabirye
Abstract This article reports on a study that investigated the namadu healing ritual of the Bagwere people of Uganda. The ritual involves drumming, singing and dancing, as well as sacrificing chicks, birds and animals towards gaining spiritual, emotional and physical healing of afflicted clan members. This music and dance mediated ritual is no longer commonly performed in African indigenous communities, and has not previously received scholarly attention. The current study sought to find out the deeper meaning of this indigenous heritage; what modern society could learn from it; and its viability in a contemporary context. Ethnographic data was obtained through observation, interviews, focus group discussions, and analysis of extant videos and photographs. The findings revealed that the namadu ritual embeds cultural identity, and increases agency in communities. Further, the music and dance have been re-invented into a royal and social entertainment, and a cultural festival for the Bagwere Cultural Union (BCU) and communities, respectively.
摘要本文报道了一项调查乌干达巴格瓦雷人的纳马杜疗愈仪式的研究。仪式包括击鼓、唱歌和跳舞,以及牺牲小鸡、鸟类和动物,以获得受折磨的部落成员的精神、情感和身体康复。这种以音乐和舞蹈为媒介的仪式在非洲土著社区不再常见,以前也没有受到学术界的关注。目前的研究试图找出这一土著遗产的深层含义;现代社会可以从中学到什么;以及它在当代背景下的可行性。民族志数据是通过观察、访谈、焦点小组讨论以及对现存视频和照片的分析获得的。研究结果表明,纳马都仪式嵌入了文化认同,并增加了社区的能动性。此外,音乐和舞蹈被重新发明为皇家和社会娱乐,以及巴格瓦文化联盟(BCU)和社区的文化节日。
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引用次数: 0
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Muziki-Journal of Music Research in Africa
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