Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940780.003.0006
Encarnación Juárez-Almendros
Following an examination of existing diverse Spanish discourses in the period that reproduce concepts developed in the Western tradition Disabled Bodies in Early Modern Spanish Literature: Prostitutes, Aging Women and Saints concludes that the pejorative creation of the woman's body is the epitome of early modern disability. The devalued representations of women’s corporality in literary texts are the consequence of specific ideologies and social structures of a Spanish society that need to symbolically castrate and eliminate the impure and defective groups –subversive women, moriscos, conversos-- that could potentially upset the power hierarchy. Ultimately, the early modern discourses and literary texts examined in this book demonstrate a fear of somatic otherness that undermines the system.
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Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.5949/LIVERPOOL/9781786940780.003.0002
Encarnación Juárez-Almendros
The first chapter explores sixteenth and seventeenth century Spanish medical, regulatory and moral discourses in order to show how they inherit, reproduce and propagate an amalgam of Western traditional concepts of the female embodiment. The exposition includes selected medical works from the fifteenth to the end of sixteenth century that deal with anatomic descriptions of bodily functions, the role of each sex in procreation, and the explanation of diseases, prophylactic measures and cures. In addition, chapter 1 examines discourses of the plague and syphilis in order to show how stigmatizing diseases particularly affected women. Besides medical treatises, the chapter examines influential moral works, such as Juan Luis Vives’s De Institutione Feminae Christianae (1524) and fray Luis de León’s La perfecta casada (1583), as well as discourses on poverty such as Vives’s De subventione pauperum (1525), and Cristóbal Pérez de Herrera’s Amparo de pobres (1598), to illuminate how the established conception of female mental and physical inferiority had detrimental consequences for her diminished social role.
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Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940780.003.0005
Encarnación Juárez-Almendros
The objective of this chapter is to study Libro de la vida (The Book of Her Life), the personal testimony of Teresa de Avila (1515-1582), a nun suffering neurological disorders, possibly epilepsy, in order to demonstrate how the author creates a textual resistance to external labelling and social segregation. In her autobiography, Teresa explains her frequent physical problems in relation to mystical graces, involuntary and uncontrollable raptures, beatific and devilish visions, hearing of voices and prophetic messages. In a period in which both the experience of epilepsy and of having visions were stigmatized and suspected of devilish intervention in women weaken body and soul, Teresa successfully defends her right to explain her own body occurrences contravening the accepted explanations.
本章的目的是研究Libro de la vida(她的生命之书)，Teresa de Avila(1515-1582)的个人证词，一个患有神经系统疾病，可能是癫痫的修女，为了证明作者如何创造一个文本抵抗外部标签和社会隔离。在她的自传中，特蕾莎解释了她经常出现的身体问题，这些问题与神秘的恩典、不由自主和无法控制的狂喜、美好和邪恶的幻象、幻听和预言信息有关。在那个癫痫和幻觉都被污名化的时期，被怀疑是恶魔对女性身体和灵魂的干预，特蕾莎成功地捍卫了她解释自己身体上发生的事情的权利，这与公认的解释相悖。
{"title":"Historical Testimony of Female Disability: The Neurological Impairment of Teresa de Ávila","authors":"Encarnación Juárez-Almendros","doi":"10.5949/liverpool/9781786940780.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940780.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this chapter is to study Libro de la vida (The Book of Her Life), the personal testimony of Teresa de Avila (1515-1582), a nun suffering neurological disorders, possibly epilepsy, in order to demonstrate how the author creates a textual resistance to external labelling and social segregation. In her autobiography, Teresa explains her frequent physical problems in relation to mystical graces, involuntary and uncontrollable raptures, beatific and devilish visions, hearing of voices and prophetic messages. In a period in which both the experience of epilepsy and of having visions were stigmatized and suspected of devilish intervention in women weaken body and soul, Teresa successfully defends her right to explain her own body occurrences contravening the accepted explanations.","PeriodicalId":425598,"journal":{"name":"Disabled Bodies in Early Modern Spanish Literature","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132003714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.5949/liverpool/9781786940780.003.0003
Encarnación Juárez-Almendros
This chapter examines the literary depiction of the broken and contaminated corporality of female prostitutes as illustrated in Francisco Delicado’s La Lozana andaluza [Portrait of Lozana: The Lusty Andalusian Woman] (1528), Miguel de Cervantes’s Casamiento engañoso [The Deceitful Marriage] (1613), La tía fingida [The pretended aunt], a novel attributed to Cervantes, and Francisco de Quevedo’s satiric poetry written in the first half of the seventeenth century. These works share a common representation of syphilis as a gendered metaphor of physical and moral decay that functions in opposition both to male embodiment and to the ideal of the integrity of the female body, expressed in the concept of virginity and chastity. Furthermore, they exemplify the development of the syphilitic trope through the century as well as the diverse solutions to taming alterity.
{"title":"The Artifice of Syphilitic and Damaged Female Bodies in Literature","authors":"Encarnación Juárez-Almendros","doi":"10.5949/liverpool/9781786940780.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781786940780.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the literary depiction of the broken and contaminated corporality of female prostitutes as illustrated in Francisco Delicado’s La Lozana andaluza [Portrait of Lozana: The Lusty Andalusian Woman] (1528), Miguel de Cervantes’s Casamiento engañoso [The Deceitful Marriage] (1613), La tía fingida [The pretended aunt], a novel attributed to Cervantes, and Francisco de Quevedo’s satiric poetry written in the first half of the seventeenth century. These works share a common representation of syphilis as a gendered metaphor of physical and moral decay that functions in opposition both to male embodiment and to the ideal of the integrity of the female body, expressed in the concept of virginity and chastity. Furthermore, they exemplify the development of the syphilitic trope through the century as well as the diverse solutions to taming alterity.","PeriodicalId":425598,"journal":{"name":"Disabled Bodies in Early Modern Spanish Literature","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122009559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.5949/LIVERPOOL/9781786940780.003.0004
Encarnación Juárez-Almendros
This chapter studies the literary trope of the hag. The works chosen for examination, Fernando de Rojas’s La Celestina (1499, 1502), Cervantes’s Diálogo de los perros [Dialogue of the Dogs] (1613), Mateo Alemán’s Guzmán de Alfarache (1599, 1604) and Francisco de Quevedo’s El Buscón [The Swindler] (1626) as well as his satiric poetry, are representative of the evolution of elderly women characters in Early Modern Spanish literature. Using disability and aging theories, the chapter focuses the analysis on the major components of their depiction: their defective bodies, their relation to the healing arts (midwives) and sexual activities, their proclivity to practice witchcraft, and their inefficient role as mothers. The objective is to illustrate the mechanisms involved in the construction of aging female disability in the imaginary of the period.
本章研究母夜叉的文学修辞。Fernando de Rojas的La Celestina(1499, 1502)，塞万提斯的Diálogo de los perros (1613)， Mateo Alemán的Guzmán de Alfarache(1599, 1604)和Francisco de Quevedo的El Buscón (The Swindler)(1626)以及他的讽刺诗被选为考试作品，代表了早期现代西班牙文学中老年女性角色的演变。利用残疾和衰老理论，本章重点分析了她们描述的主要组成部分:她们有缺陷的身体，她们与治疗艺术(助产士)和性活动的关系，她们练习巫术的倾向，以及她们作为母亲的低效角色。目的是阐明在虚构的时期中涉及老年女性残疾建构的机制。
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