The ionosphere is a layer of atmosphere 60 km to 1,100 km above the earth and is composed of solar rays and ionized gases. The ionosphere is an important layer affecting Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measures. The quality of GNSS measures is directly related to the changes in the ionosphere. For this reason, monitoring changes in the ionosphere is quite important. One of the important parameters expressing the characteristic of the ionosphere is the Total Electron Content (TEC), which is a function of electron density exhibiting transformation with solar radiation. In this study, 68 stations including 56 TUSAGA-Active (CORS-TR) stations and also IGS stations were taken for evaluation. Bernese v5.2 GNSS software developed by Bern University of Switzerland was employed at the evaluation stage. From 2009 until 2015, TEC values were calculated at two hourly intervals, one day for each month. In the study, where a Single Layer Model was used, TEC values obtained from GNSS measurements have been compared with the TEC (IRI-2012 TEC) values obtained from the global ionosphere map (GIM-TEC) and the international ionosphere reference model programme published by the Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).
{"title":"COMPARISON OF REGIONAL AND GLOBAL TEC VALUES: TURKEY MODEL","authors":"F. Basciftci, C. Inal, O. Yildirim, Sercan Bülbül","doi":"10.26833/ijeg.382604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.382604","url":null,"abstract":"The ionosphere is a layer of atmosphere 60 km to 1,100 km above the earth and is composed of solar rays and ionized gases. The ionosphere is an important layer affecting Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measures. The quality of GNSS measures is directly related to the changes in the ionosphere. For this reason, monitoring changes in the ionosphere is quite important. One of the important parameters expressing the characteristic of the ionosphere is the Total Electron Content (TEC), which is a function of electron density exhibiting transformation with solar radiation. In this study, 68 stations including 56 TUSAGA-Active (CORS-TR) stations and also IGS stations were taken for evaluation. Bernese v5.2 GNSS software developed by Bern University of Switzerland was employed at the evaluation stage. From 2009 until 2015, TEC values were calculated at two hourly intervals, one day for each month. In the study, where a Single Layer Model was used, TEC values obtained from GNSS measurements have been compared with the TEC (IRI-2012 TEC) values obtained from the global ionosphere map (GIM-TEC) and the international ionosphere reference model programme published by the Centre for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE), the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43630514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Together with developments in software technology, various interpolation methods allow terrain surfaces to be better identified. The accuracy rate in volume calculations is directly proportional with representation in the best form. The non-metric cameras, which are assembled to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), provide convenience in the photogrammetric measurements. Sensitive images are obtained with less cost by the use of unmanned aerial vehicles . The purpose of this study was to take photos from the air with the help of UAVs and to make volume calculations by using photogrammetric techniques. At the end of the study, the photogrammetric method had been completed in a shorter period than with the traditional method. The values found as the result of both methods have been found to be compatible with each other in the ratio of 99.33% in terms of sensitivity.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE UTILITY OF THE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) IN VOLUME CALCULATION BY USING PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNIQUES","authors":"A. Ulvi","doi":"10.26833/IJEG.377080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/IJEG.377080","url":null,"abstract":"Together with developments in software technology, various interpolation methods allow terrain surfaces to be better identified. The accuracy rate in volume calculations is directly proportional with representation in the best form. The non-metric cameras, which are assembled to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), provide convenience in the photogrammetric measurements. Sensitive images are obtained with less cost by the use of unmanned aerial vehicles . The purpose of this study was to take photos from the air with the help of UAVs and to make volume calculations by using photogrammetric techniques. At the end of the study, the photogrammetric method had been completed in a shorter period than with the traditional method. The values found as the result of both methods have been found to be compatible with each other in the ratio of 99.33% in terms of sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41953360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lately, IR thermography is frequently applied for important purposes in monitoring buildings such as energy leaking, ventilating and air-conditioning installations, electrical and mechanical installations, moisture detection etc. Nondestructive monitoring methods are essential in case of monitoring historical buildings. It is curtail not to destruct any part of the buildings, which are historically important. Therefore, nondestructive methods need to be used while monitoring this kind of buildings. In this study, IR-Thermography was used in order to distinguish different construction materials that were used to build the walls of a historical building. The thermal monitoring was made with Optris PI-450 long wave infrared camera. The results showed that IR monitoring can be useful to distinguish the building materials without destroying the investigated buildings’ plaster or facing. It is observed that the best results can be achieved on higher temperatures at IR-Thermography.
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS WITH IR-THERMOGRAPHY IN HISTORICAL BUILDINGS","authors":"U. Avdan, O. Kaplan, Gordana Kaplan","doi":"10.26833/ijeg.380752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.380752","url":null,"abstract":"Lately, IR thermography is frequently applied for important purposes in monitoring buildings such as energy leaking, ventilating and air-conditioning installations, electrical and mechanical installations, moisture detection etc. Nondestructive monitoring methods are essential in case of monitoring historical buildings. It is curtail not to destruct any part of the buildings, which are historically important. Therefore, nondestructive methods need to be used while monitoring this kind of buildings. In this study, IR-Thermography was used in order to distinguish different construction materials that were used to build the walls of a historical building. The thermal monitoring was made with Optris PI-450 long wave infrared camera. The results showed that IR monitoring can be useful to distinguish the building materials without destroying the investigated buildings’ plaster or facing. It is observed that the best results can be achieved on higher temperatures at IR-Thermography.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49036926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turkish Topographic Vector Database (TOPOVT) is a 3D vector database comprising 1:25.000 scale or higher resolution topographic features, contours representing the topography and geographic names. TOPOVT is the basic geographic data source for our country mapping and base for GIS applications. Feature collection stage of TOPOVT will soon be completed by covering whole Turkey. The updating works have already begun and will go on with an acceleration in 2018. Real time or near real time updating of continuously changing geographic features in our country as far as possible and avoiding the duplicate geographic data production by governmental institutions are the main objectives of General Command of Mapping which is the biggest geographic data producer in basic scales in Turkey. TOPOVT Real Time Updating System was designed to provide all governmental institutions and municipalities producing and using geographic information via internet to update and easily access to TOPOVT. Most of the TOPOVT features are acquired by governmental institutions and municipalities according to their needs. TOPOVT Real Time Updating System is realized to avoid duplicate geographic data production countrywide and reflect the changes in topography to TOPOVT in real time or near real time. The software component of the system consists of desktop and android (or tablets) applications. The desktop application will enable governmental institutions and municipalities to update TOPOVT in their service areas according to their job definition without needing another software thus providing the TOPOVT users to make use of the up-to-date data. Android (tablet) application will provide the field geographic data collectors to access TOPOVT directly and to update the data in real time or in near real time unless 3G internet is available. By this system, all the governmental institutions needing topographic database for their applications will easily reach TOPOVT, make use of the data in their field works and present the data they produced to country use. Also, by avoiding the duplicate geographic data production, national sources will be utilized economically and effectively.
{"title":"REAL TIME VECTOR DATABASE UPDATING SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY FOR TURKISH TOPOGRAPHIC VECTOR DATABASE (TOPOVT)","authors":"A. Yilmaz, Mustafa Caniberk","doi":"10.26833/IJEG.383054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26833/IJEG.383054","url":null,"abstract":"Turkish Topographic Vector Database (TOPOVT) is a 3D vector database comprising 1:25.000 scale or higher resolution topographic features, contours representing the topography and geographic names. TOPOVT is the basic geographic data source for our country mapping and base for GIS applications. Feature collection stage of TOPOVT will soon be completed by covering whole Turkey. The updating works have already begun and will go on with an acceleration in 2018. Real time or near real time updating of continuously changing geographic features in our country as far as possible and avoiding the duplicate geographic data production by governmental institutions are the main objectives of General Command of Mapping which is the biggest geographic data producer in basic scales in Turkey. TOPOVT Real Time Updating System was designed to provide all governmental institutions and municipalities producing and using geographic information via internet to update and easily access to TOPOVT. Most of the TOPOVT features are acquired by governmental institutions and municipalities according to their needs. TOPOVT Real Time Updating System is realized to avoid duplicate geographic data production countrywide and reflect the changes in topography to TOPOVT in real time or near real time. The software component of the system consists of desktop and android (or tablets) applications. The desktop application will enable governmental institutions and municipalities to update TOPOVT in their service areas according to their job definition without needing another software thus providing the TOPOVT users to make use of the up-to-date data. Android (tablet) application will provide the field geographic data collectors to access TOPOVT directly and to update the data in real time or in near real time unless 3G internet is available. By this system, all the governmental institutions needing topographic database for their applications will easily reach TOPOVT, make use of the data in their field works and present the data they produced to country use. Also, by avoiding the duplicate geographic data production, national sources will be utilized economically and effectively.","PeriodicalId":42633,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42671930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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