Pub Date : 1973-05-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299728
P. Roughan
Over the past few years, integrated circuit production has been dominated by the manufacture of digital circuits which typically operate at rather moderate power levels. For example, 5400 and 7400 series TTL circuits will dissipate approximately 150 mW. Recently, the use of linear circuits in consumer applications has been on the increase, and it is not unusual for such circuits to operate at power levels an order of magnitude higher than their digital counterparts. As an example, the Sprague Electric Company now offers the ULX-2277 dual audio amplifier which delivers 2 watts per channel of continuous power. Heretofore, power levels such as this were encountered only in power transistors packaged in metal cans. It was a relatively simple matter to measure thermal resistances of such packages by attaching a thermocouple to the base of the can, or to a mounting stud or heat sink, and using this reading as case temperature. The measurement would then be carried out according to some procedure, such as that outlined in MIL STD 883.
{"title":"Thermal Resistance of IC Packages","authors":"P. Roughan","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299728","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, integrated circuit production has been dominated by the manufacture of digital circuits which typically operate at rather moderate power levels. For example, 5400 and 7400 series TTL circuits will dissipate approximately 150 mW. Recently, the use of linear circuits in consumer applications has been on the increase, and it is not unusual for such circuits to operate at power levels an order of magnitude higher than their digital counterparts. As an example, the Sprague Electric Company now offers the ULX-2277 dual audio amplifier which delivers 2 watts per channel of continuous power. Heretofore, power levels such as this were encountered only in power transistors packaged in metal cans. It was a relatively simple matter to measure thermal resistances of such packages by attaching a thermocouple to the base of the can, or to a mounting stud or heat sink, and using this reading as case temperature. The measurement would then be carried out according to some procedure, such as that outlined in MIL STD 883.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126320032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-05-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299727
Richard Bernstein
Due to the demands of the public, recent legislation has been enacted to curb noise emanations from a multitude of sources. This has caused concern in industry in two ways. "First, the various noise levels under which a product is manufactured must be maintained within the law to prevent hearing damage risk to production workers. Second, the noise level generated by the operation of a particular product must be within designated standards. In the latter case, the annoyance of the sound level output is generally more important than the hearing damage risk for consumer products because of their reduced emissions.
{"title":"Sound and Noise Level Measurements","authors":"Richard Bernstein","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299727","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the demands of the public, recent legislation has been enacted to curb noise emanations from a multitude of sources. This has caused concern in industry in two ways. \"First, the various noise levels under which a product is manufactured must be maintained within the law to prevent hearing damage risk to production workers. Second, the noise level generated by the operation of a particular product must be within designated standards. In the latter case, the annoyance of the sound level output is generally more important than the hearing damage risk for consumer products because of their reduced emissions.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130512430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-05-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299730
Joseph E. Brodeur
The increased demand for semiconductors in the consumer market place has accelerated the need for improved product reliability. This need has been well recognized by the manufacturer and consumer. Often the consumer quality and reliability demands are tougher than required for military products --understandably so, when you consider the staggering cost of rework on line rejects, the repair of field failures (especially when warranties are involved), and the possibility of a bad reputation. Even though the price competition within the semiconductor industry has intensified, the manufacturer has to meet this challenge with good designed-in reliability and rigid process control. In addition, if a plastic encapsulant is used, it needs to exhibit a reliability approaching that of hermetic devices. Ultimately, the consumer can add to his system reliability by understanding the physical and electrical limitations of semiconductors, and recognizing the definite reliability improvements that can be achieved by integrating circuitry whenever possible.
{"title":"Designing Reliablity into Solid-state Consumer Systems","authors":"Joseph E. Brodeur","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299730","url":null,"abstract":"The increased demand for semiconductors in the consumer market place has accelerated the need for improved product reliability. This need has been well recognized by the manufacturer and consumer. Often the consumer quality and reliability demands are tougher than required for military products --understandably so, when you consider the staggering cost of rework on line rejects, the repair of field failures (especially when warranties are involved), and the possibility of a bad reputation. Even though the price competition within the semiconductor industry has intensified, the manufacturer has to meet this challenge with good designed-in reliability and rigid process control. In addition, if a plastic encapsulant is used, it needs to exhibit a reliability approaching that of hermetic devices. Ultimately, the consumer can add to his system reliability by understanding the physical and electrical limitations of semiconductors, and recognizing the definite reliability improvements that can be achieved by integrating circuitry whenever possible.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123391276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-05-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299703
J. Alves
{"title":"Power Bandwidth Limitations in Audio Amplifiers","authors":"J. Alves","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299703","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128650509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-02-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299712
John F. Foster, A. Csicsatka
The General Electric Company has expanded the two channel FM stereo broadcast system into a 4-channel one that provides compatibility with present stereophonic and monophonic FM broadcast receiversl. The system exhibits equal noise characteristics at each of the receiver output terminals and allows the use of the Subsidiary Communication Authorization (SCA) channel within the present 200 KHz channel allocations. The system transmits the full audio frequency range of 30 to 15000 Hz on each of the four audio channels and maintains in excess of 30 db audio separation between each of them. Figure 1 shows the total baseband utilization. In this paper, attention will be given to the 76 KHz subchannel with the unique vestigial sideband feature.
{"title":"Vestigal Sideband Subchannel for Multichannel FM Broadcasting","authors":"John F. Foster, A. Csicsatka","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299712","url":null,"abstract":"The General Electric Company has expanded the two channel FM stereo broadcast system into a 4-channel one that provides compatibility with present stereophonic and monophonic FM broadcast receiversl. The system exhibits equal noise characteristics at each of the receiver output terminals and allows the use of the Subsidiary Communication Authorization (SCA) channel within the present 200 KHz channel allocations. The system transmits the full audio frequency range of 30 to 15000 Hz on each of the four audio channels and maintains in excess of 30 db audio separation between each of them. Figure 1 shows the total baseband utilization. In this paper, attention will be given to the 76 KHz subchannel with the unique vestigial sideband feature.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122383790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-02-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299713
W. Dietz
{"title":"A Thyristor Regulator Circuit for SCR Deflection","authors":"W. Dietz","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299713","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121738513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-02-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299708
Erturk Deger, T. C. Jobe
{"title":"Economics of Reliability in the Design of Color-TV Receivers","authors":"Erturk Deger, T. C. Jobe","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299708","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131193509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-02-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299709
S. Matsumoto, R. Herota, K. Funakawa, M. Kanamori, M. Sato
A new active convergence system by two monolithic IC's has been developed for both 90-and 110-degree color picture tubes.
针对90度和110度彩色显像管，研制了一种新型的单片集成电路主动会聚系统。
{"title":"Active Convergence System by Two Monolithic IC's","authors":"S. Matsumoto, R. Herota, K. Funakawa, M. Kanamori, M. Sato","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299709","url":null,"abstract":"A new active convergence system by two monolithic IC's has been developed for both 90-and 110-degree color picture tubes.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128460573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-02-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299711
A. Csicsatka, John F. Foster
The two channel FM Stereo Broadcast System1 in use today was extended by General Electric to a 4-channel system; and, in October 1971 this proposed General Electric 4-channel FM Stereophonic Broadcast System was successfully field-tested on an experimental basis in the Schenectady, New York area over radio station WGFM2. This system is compatible with present two-channel stereophonic and monophonic broadcast receivers, provides equal noise characteristics at the four audio outputs and allows the use of the Subsidiary Communication Authorization (SCA) channel at a higher 95 KHz subcarrier. The system transmits the full audio frequency range of 30 to 15,000 Hz on each of four audio channels and maintains at least 30 db audio separation between each of them. The measured harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion falls well within the existing FCC requirements for broadcast equipment.
{"title":"Compatible Multichannel FM Broadcast System","authors":"A. Csicsatka, John F. Foster","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299711","url":null,"abstract":"The two channel FM Stereo Broadcast System1 in use today was extended by General Electric to a 4-channel system; and, in October 1971 this proposed General Electric 4-channel FM Stereophonic Broadcast System was successfully field-tested on an experimental basis in the Schenectady, New York area over radio station WGFM2. This system is compatible with present two-channel stereophonic and monophonic broadcast receivers, provides equal noise characteristics at the four audio outputs and allows the use of the Subsidiary Communication Authorization (SCA) channel at a higher 95 KHz subcarrier. The system transmits the full audio frequency range of 30 to 15,000 Hz on each of four audio channels and maintains at least 30 db audio separation between each of them. The measured harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion falls well within the existing FCC requirements for broadcast equipment.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127147496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1973-02-01DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299707
J. P. O'Donnell, R. Vogel
An instrument for measurement of color of cathode ray tube screens has been developed and evaluated. It consists of four filters and photocells coupled to a special purpose analog computer with readout directly in C.I.E. x and y on a pair of digital panel meters. Accuracy is within one percent of the spectroradiometer used for calibration. Possible future developments and applications include set-up and tracking white on color receivers, measurement in terms of C. I. E. uniform chromaticity system and, perhaps, incorporation of direct readout in brightness.
{"title":"A Direct-Reading Colorimeter for Color-Television Picture Tubes","authors":"J. P. O'Donnell, R. Vogel","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299707","url":null,"abstract":"An instrument for measurement of color of cathode ray tube screens has been developed and evaluated. It consists of four filters and photocells coupled to a special purpose analog computer with readout directly in C.I.E. x and y on a pair of digital panel meters. Accuracy is within one percent of the spectroradiometer used for calibration. Possible future developments and applications include set-up and tracking white on color receivers, measurement in terms of C. I. E. uniform chromaticity system and, perhaps, incorporation of direct readout in brightness.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114976274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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