首页 > 最新文献

IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers最新文献

英文 中文
Specification and Testing of Consumer Linear Integrated Circuits 消费类线性集成电路规范与测试
Pub Date : 1973-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299710
H. Ebenhoech
Integrated Circuits (ICs) in consumer equipment are a fact. In 1973 in excess of 40 million pieces will be used in TV sets and more than 25 million pieces will go into audio applications, to name only two consumer markets. The total number of consumer ICs available will exceed 180 million pieces. If they do not all work properly, there will be a certain number of disatisfied TV viewers, radio listeners, tape recorder owners, and other users of IC equipment. ICs are tested to prevent this occurrence. Testing schemes employed vary considerably and are covered in the following discussion. Test philosophies will be pointed out and a recommendation for specifications will be made.
集成电路(ic)在消费设备中是一个事实。到1973年,超过4000万件将用于电视机,超过2500万件将用于音频应用,仅举两个消费市场的例子。消费类集成电路的总数量将超过1.8亿片。如果它们不能全部正常工作,将会有一定数量的电视观众、广播听众、录音机所有者和其他IC设备用户感到不满。对ic进行测试以防止这种情况发生。所采用的测试方案差别很大,将在下面的讨论中讨论。将指出测试理念,并对规范提出建议。
{"title":"Specification and Testing of Consumer Linear Integrated Circuits","authors":"H. Ebenhoech","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299710","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated Circuits (ICs) in consumer equipment are a fact. In 1973 in excess of 40 million pieces will be used in TV sets and more than 25 million pieces will go into audio applications, to name only two consumer markets. The total number of consumer ICs available will exceed 180 million pieces. If they do not all work properly, there will be a certain number of disatisfied TV viewers, radio listeners, tape recorder owners, and other users of IC equipment. ICs are tested to prevent this occurrence. Testing schemes employed vary considerably and are covered in the following discussion. Test philosophies will be pointed out and a recommendation for specifications will be made.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126494144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Monolithic Class B Driver Designed for Automotive Radio Applications 专为汽车无线电应用设计的单片B类驱动器
Pub Date : 1973-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299715
W. Holst, L. Sample
The automotive radio industry is constantly working to develop radios that are more reliable, less costly to build, and physically smaller, while at the same time giving performance comparable with existing radios.
汽车无线电行业一直致力于开发更可靠、制造成本更低、体积更小的无线电,同时提供与现有无线电相当的性能。
{"title":"A Monolithic Class B Driver Designed for Automotive Radio Applications","authors":"W. Holst, L. Sample","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299715","url":null,"abstract":"The automotive radio industry is constantly working to develop radios that are more reliable, less costly to build, and physically smaller, while at the same time giving performance comparable with existing radios.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115902077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Power Consumption in a Transformerless TV Vertical Output Circuit 无变压器电视垂直输出电路的功耗
Pub Date : 1973-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299716
John F. Bulharowski
A notable characteristic of transistor power amplifiers using complementary pairs as applied to TV vertical deflection systems is unbalanced dissipation in the output devices. The reasons for this unbalance and some of the factors influencing it are discussed in this paper.
应用于电视垂直偏转系统的互补对晶体管功率放大器的一个显著特性是输出器件的不平衡耗散。本文讨论了造成这种不平衡的原因及影响因素。
{"title":"Power Consumption in a Transformerless TV Vertical Output Circuit","authors":"John F. Bulharowski","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299716","url":null,"abstract":"A notable characteristic of transistor power amplifiers using complementary pairs as applied to TV vertical deflection systems is unbalanced dissipation in the output devices. The reasons for this unbalance and some of the factors influencing it are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"118 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131914042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A TV Horizontal I/C 一个电视水平I/C
Pub Date : 1973-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299717
M. Wilcox
The design of new integrated circuits must be oriented to the cost and flexibility demanded by the function. This paper describes a new I/C which houses the horizontal APC system in only 8 pins while retaining excellent flexibility. Simple, yet sufficient circuits for the RC oscillator and balanced phase detector have all important parameters available externally. A special predriver circuit uses one pin to adjust the output for any type of horizontal driver. By modifying the external circuitry, the TV designer can tailor the I/C to meet a wide range of performance requirements in monochrome and color TV.
新型集成电路的设计必须以功能所需的成本和灵活性为导向。本文介绍了一种新的I/C,它容纳水平APC系统只有8个引脚,同时保持了良好的灵活性。简单,但足够的电路RC振荡器和平衡鉴相器有所有重要的参数可用的外部。一个特殊的预驱动电路使用一个引脚来调整任何类型的水平驱动器的输出。通过修改外部电路,电视设计人员可以定制I/C,以满足单色和彩色电视的广泛性能要求。
{"title":"A TV Horizontal I/C","authors":"M. Wilcox","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299717","url":null,"abstract":"The design of new integrated circuits must be oriented to the cost and flexibility demanded by the function. This paper describes a new I/C which houses the horizontal APC system in only 8 pins while retaining excellent flexibility. Simple, yet sufficient circuits for the RC oscillator and balanced phase detector have all important parameters available externally. A special predriver circuit uses one pin to adjust the output for any type of horizontal driver. By modifying the external circuitry, the TV designer can tailor the I/C to meet a wide range of performance requirements in monochrome and color TV.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124823725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Consumer-Economics View of Proposed CATV Channel Assignment Plans 有线电视频道分配方案的消费者经济学观点
Pub Date : 1973-02-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299714
C. B. Neal
{"title":"A Consumer-Economics View of Proposed CATV Channel Assignment Plans","authors":"C. B. Neal","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1973.299714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"85 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1973-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127434189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of a large of a Large-Screen RGB System 一种大屏幕RGB系统的分析
Pub Date : 1972-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299661
Edward P. Surowiec
General Electric has developed and plans to introduce commercially in 1972 a large screen television receiver that features an RGB plug-in module with all input signals AC coupled. The RGB module utilizes a unique DC restoration technique and video amplifier design in conjunction with a passive matrixing network. The RBG video amplifiers will provide 150 volts of video drive, however the stress ratio on the components is such that the module has an estimated *MTBF of 56000 hours, (based on component failure rates published in MIL HDBK 217 A).
通用电气已经开发并计划在1972年推出一种大屏幕电视接收器,其特点是RGB插件模块,所有输入信号都是交流耦合的。RGB模块采用独特的直流恢复技术和视频放大器设计,并结合无源矩阵网络。RBG视频放大器将提供150伏的视频驱动器,但是组件上的应力比使得该模块的估计MTBF为56000小时(基于MIL HDBK 217a中公布的组件故障率)。
{"title":"Analysis of a large of a Large-Screen RGB System","authors":"Edward P. Surowiec","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299661","url":null,"abstract":"General Electric has developed and plans to introduce commercially in 1972 a large screen television receiver that features an RGB plug-in module with all input signals AC coupled. The RGB module utilizes a unique DC restoration technique and video amplifier design in conjunction with a passive matrixing network. The RBG video amplifiers will provide 150 volts of video drive, however the stress ratio on the components is such that the module has an estimated *MTBF of 56000 hours, (based on component failure rates published in MIL HDBK 217 A).","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132538759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Integrated Two-Watt Sound System for Television Applicattions 一种用于电视的集成两瓦音响系统
Pub Date : 1972-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299680
A. Bilotti, R. Lutz
The wound section of a television receiver has seen several evolutions since 1966 and has been extensively described in the literature. 4 Although phase locked systems have been introduced, 5 the more classical approaches to the sound function have dominated both the TV and FM scenes. A block diagram of the TV sound function is shown in Figure 1.
自1966年以来,电视接收机的伤口部分经历了几次演变,并在文献中得到了广泛的描述。虽然锁相系统已经被引入,但更经典的声音功能方法仍然主导着电视和调频场景。电视声音功能的框图如图1所示。
{"title":"An Integrated Two-Watt Sound System for Television Applicattions","authors":"A. Bilotti, R. Lutz","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299680","url":null,"abstract":"The wound section of a television receiver has seen several evolutions since 1966 and has been extensively described in the literature. 4 Although phase locked systems have been introduced, 5 the more classical approaches to the sound function have dominated both the TV and FM scenes. A block diagram of the TV sound function is shown in Figure 1.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127964850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A New Approch to IC Color Subcarrier Regeneration Employing Internal Monolithic Phasing Elements 基于内部单片相位元件的IC彩色子载波再生新方法
Pub Date : 1972-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299677
John E. O'toole
This paper describes a phase locked loop color subcarrier regenerator system employing internal monolithic phasing elements in the color APC, ACC detector, and color tint circuitry. External dc controls are provided for frequency set-up, killer threshold, and color tint.
本文介绍了一种锁相环彩色副载波再生系统,该系统在彩色APC、ACC检测器和彩色色调电路中采用内部单片相控元件。外部直流控制提供频率设置,杀手阈值和色调。
{"title":"A New Approch to IC Color Subcarrier Regeneration Employing Internal Monolithic Phasing Elements","authors":"John E. O'toole","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a phase locked loop color subcarrier regenerator system employing internal monolithic phasing elements in the color APC, ACC detector, and color tint circuitry. External dc controls are provided for frequency set-up, killer threshold, and color tint.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134541399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Developments in Toroidal Yokes for Color Picture Tubes 彩色显像管环形轭的新进展
Pub Date : 1972-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299679
C. E. Torsch, R. Budd
Sylvania has long been actively engaged in the development of color television display systems, and during the past five years, studies have particularly and 1100 deflection systems both for delta and inline°gun arr°ys. This work has revealed that toroidal yokes are inherently precise magnetic deflection components which overcome the imperfections of saddle yokes in that they provide nearer to optimum beam landing, convergence, and consistency in production. As a majo consupplier of picture tubes, Sylvania believes it is in a position to optimize the combination of picture tube and yoke for better performance; the result of work to date has been the development of a family of toroidal yokes specifically designed to complement the characteristics of the present generation of color picture tubes.
Sylvania长期以来一直积极从事彩色电视显示系统的开发,在过去的五年中,专门研究了1100个delta和inline°炮炮的偏转系统。这项工作表明,环形磁轭是固有的精确磁偏转组件,克服了鞍形磁轭的缺陷,因为它们在生产中提供更接近最佳的光束着陆、收敛和一致性。作为显像管的主要供应商,Sylvania认为它有能力优化显像管和轭架的组合,以获得更好的性能;迄今为止的工作成果是开发了一种专门设计用于补充当前一代彩色显像管特性的环形管族。
{"title":"New Developments in Toroidal Yokes for Color Picture Tubes","authors":"C. E. Torsch, R. Budd","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299679","url":null,"abstract":"Sylvania has long been actively engaged in the development of color television display systems, and during the past five years, studies have particularly and 1100 deflection systems both for delta and inline°gun arr°ys. This work has revealed that toroidal yokes are inherently precise magnetic deflection components which overcome the imperfections of saddle yokes in that they provide nearer to optimum beam landing, convergence, and consistency in production. As a majo consupplier of picture tubes, Sylvania believes it is in a position to optimize the combination of picture tube and yoke for better performance; the result of work to date has been the development of a family of toroidal yokes specifically designed to complement the characteristics of the present generation of color picture tubes.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127973007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Some Application of Digital Techniques in TV Receivers 数字技术在电视接收机中的一些应用
Pub Date : 1972-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299678
N. Doyle, H. Hamaoui, J. Nichols
Until comparatively recently the concept of using digital methods in consumer equipment was dismissed as impractical, unnecessary and prohibitively expensive. New developments in semiconductor technology, transmission systems and FCC regulations have brought about a situation where digital techniques are now not only economically and technically feasible but also necessary. Some of the factors involved include the availability of complex MOS LSI (Large Scale Integration) devices, the National Bureau of Standards time code transmission system and the UHF tuning parity regulations. This paper will endeavor to discuss these factors and how they may affect future TV receiver design.
直到最近,在消费设备中使用数字方法的概念还被认为是不切实际、不必要和昂贵的。半导体技术、传输系统和FCC法规的新发展使数字技术不仅在经济和技术上可行,而且是必要的。涉及的一些因素包括复杂的MOS LSI(大规模集成)器件的可用性,国家标准局时间代码传输系统和UHF调谐奇偶规则。本文将努力讨论这些因素以及它们如何影响未来的电视接收机设计。
{"title":"Some Application of Digital Techniques in TV Receivers","authors":"N. Doyle, H. Hamaoui, J. Nichols","doi":"10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TBTR1.1972.299678","url":null,"abstract":"Until comparatively recently the concept of using digital methods in consumer equipment was dismissed as impractical, unnecessary and prohibitively expensive. New developments in semiconductor technology, transmission systems and FCC regulations have brought about a situation where digital techniques are now not only economically and technically feasible but also necessary. Some of the factors involved include the availability of complex MOS LSI (Large Scale Integration) devices, the National Bureau of Standards time code transmission system and the UHF tuning parity regulations. This paper will endeavor to discuss these factors and how they may affect future TV receiver design.","PeriodicalId":426905,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1972-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126924213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
期刊
IEEE Transactions on Broadcast and Television Receivers
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1