Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-06
Maryam Yousefinejad, Azlina Ahmad, Fairuz Md. Salleh, R. Rahim
This study investigates the causal relationship between International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) adoption and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in ASEAN countries during the period of 2001 to 2016. This study applies panel co-integration and causality test to examine the short and long run and causal relationship between variables. IFRS adoption was measured based on dummy variable in Model 1 and level of IFRS compliance in Model 2. Findings of this study confirm the presence of co-integration between variables and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) estimation analysis reveals positive and significant relationship between IFRS adoption, based on both measures and FDI inflows. Furthermore, the causality test shows that there is short run causality from IFRS to FDI inflows and long run causality between variables. This study extends knowledge on the relationship between IFRS adoption and FDI inflows by examining this relationship in the setting of ASEAN countries. Findings of this study could be useful for countries which are IFRS adopter and also non-adopters to understand the economic consequences of IFRS adoption, in their effort to attract more investors so as to accelerate economic growth.
{"title":"Causal Relationship between International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): A Panel Data Analysis of ASEAN Countries","authors":"Maryam Yousefinejad, Azlina Ahmad, Fairuz Md. Salleh, R. Rahim","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-06","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the causal relationship between International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) adoption and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in ASEAN countries during the period of 2001 to 2016. This study applies panel co-integration and causality test to examine the short and long run and causal relationship between variables. IFRS adoption was measured based on dummy variable in Model 1 and level of IFRS compliance in Model 2. Findings of this study confirm the presence of co-integration between variables and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) estimation analysis reveals positive and significant relationship between IFRS adoption, based on both measures and FDI inflows. Furthermore, the causality test shows that there is short run causality from IFRS to FDI inflows and long run causality between variables. This study extends knowledge on the relationship between IFRS adoption and FDI inflows by examining this relationship in the setting of ASEAN countries. Findings of this study could be useful for countries which are IFRS adopter and also non-adopters to understand the economic consequences of IFRS adoption, in their effort to attract more investors so as to accelerate economic growth.","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-11
A. Latif, Aisyah Abdul-Rahman
Money laundering is a global threat to financial institutions especially the banking industry since it may weaken and expose the institutions to serious risks such as operational, legal and reputational risks. Against this background, the objectives of the study are to analyse the current practice on the prevention of money laundering in selected banks in Malaysia, to investigate the barriers to the implementation of effective Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations and to identify the ways to improve the implementation of AML in Malaysia. The study was conducted using qualitative method via interviews with 6 respondents from 6 Islamic & Conventional banks in Malaysia. The preliminary findings showed that the banking institutions’ current practice is fully complying with AML regulations under the AMLA 2001. The findings also demonstrated that the barriers to effective implementation of AML regulations are in line with those of previous study, which are lack of expert staff as the top factor together with an additional factor, which is lack of customers’ education and awareness on money laundering. Hence, to improve the implementation of AML in Malaysia, this study suggested to firstly strengthen the collaboration with government and relevant authorities to ensure strong enforcement action is taken against the criminals. Secondly, collaboration of BNM with banks and local media to increase public awareness and education on financial crime. Thirdly, to invest on employee training, upgrading system management as well as sufficient resources in compliance unit and finally to intensify the “Three Lines of Defence” in Bank Risk Management.
{"title":"Combating Money Laundering in Malaysia: Current Practice, Challenges and Suggestions","authors":"A. Latif, Aisyah Abdul-Rahman","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-11","url":null,"abstract":"Money laundering is a global threat to financial institutions especially the banking industry since it may weaken and expose the institutions to serious risks such as operational, legal and reputational risks. Against this background, the objectives of the study are to analyse the current practice on the prevention of money laundering in selected banks in Malaysia, to investigate the barriers to the implementation of effective Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations and to identify the ways to improve the implementation of AML in Malaysia. The study was conducted using qualitative method via interviews with 6 respondents from 6 Islamic & Conventional banks in Malaysia. The preliminary findings showed that the banking institutions’ current practice is fully complying with AML regulations under the AMLA 2001. The findings also demonstrated that the barriers to effective implementation of AML regulations are in line with those of previous study, which are lack of expert staff as the top factor together with an additional factor, which is lack of customers’ education and awareness on money laundering. Hence, to improve the implementation of AML in Malaysia, this study suggested to firstly strengthen the collaboration with government and relevant authorities to ensure strong enforcement action is taken against the criminals. Secondly, collaboration of BNM with banks and local media to increase public awareness and education on financial crime. Thirdly, to invest on employee training, upgrading system management as well as sufficient resources in compliance unit and finally to intensify the “Three Lines of Defence” in Bank Risk Management.","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44779237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-08
Thilagavathy Apadore, Rosiati Ramli, Md. Palil
ABSTRACT Tax is an important revenue channel for any country, including Malaysia. Within this perspective, Malaysia introduced the selft-assessment tax system for corporations in 2001 and for individuals in 2004 to enhance tax collection system. Tax audit is an important instrument for the self-assessment tax system as it encourages voluntary tax compliance by tax payers. Compliance to such a system is monitored by the Tax Auditor (Juru Audit Cukai) of the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia, through external and desk audit processes. The Tax Audit Framework 2007 provides for a tax audit to be completed within a period of 3 months post commencement of the audit. However, the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia’s 2008 - 2013 Yearly Reports highlighted existence of tax audit cases that could not be completed within the stipulated period. In lieu of this, this paper investigated the factors that contributed to the delays in completion of tax audit cases. To achieve the objective, a total of 209 JACs from IRB offices in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor were investigated using a survey mechanism. The result showed significant relationships between four factors being studied and the time taken to do tax audit; JAC’s knowledge toward audit work, the complexity of industries, compliance to accounting record keeping by companies, and the cooperation given by companies.The result however showed insignificant relationship between the size of the companies being audited and the time taken to do tax audit. This study contributes to the tax audit literature and provides several suggestions to the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia to restructure and improve the Tax Audit Framework which is seen as too generic. Keywords: Tax audit time period , Tax Audit Framework 2007 ABSTRAK Cukai pendapatan merupakan cukai yang dikenakan oleh Pihak Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Malaysia (LHDNM) ke atas pendapatan yang bercukai. Sejak tahun 2001 , kerajaan Malaysia telah memperkenalkan Sistem Taksir Sendiri (STS) untuk percukaian syarikat, manakala bagi percukaian individu pula, sistem yang sama telah dilaksanakan bermula tahun 2004. Audit cukai merupakan satu instrumen penting dalam STS kerana ia menggalakkan pematuhan cukai secara sukarela di kalangan pembayar cukai. Pematuhan cukai ini sentiasa dipantau olah Juru Audit Cukai (JAC) dari LHDNM melalui proses Audit luar dan Audit meja. Mengikut Rangka Kerja Audit Cukai (RKAC) 2007, sesuatu audit cukai perlu diselesaikan dalam tempoh masa 3 bulan bermulanya audit. Akan tetapi data dari Laporan Tahunan LHDNM 2008 hingga 2013 menunjukkan kes audit yang dijalankan tidak dapat diselesaikan dalam tempoh masa yang ditetapkan. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kelewatan dalam penyelesaian audit cukai. Bagi mencapai objektif utama kajian ini, seramai 209 JAC dari LHDNM Wilayah Persekutuan dan Selangor telah dikaji menggunakan kaedah soal selidik. Hasil kajian ini men
税收是包括马来西亚在内的任何国家的重要收入渠道。在这种情况下，马来西亚分别于2001年和2004年对法人和个人引入了自评税制度，加强了征税制度。税务审计是自评税制度的重要手段，因为它鼓励纳税人自愿纳税。马来西亚税务局的税务审计员(Juru Audit Cukai)通过外部审计和案头审计程序监督该系统的合规性。《税务审计架构2007》规定，税务审计须在审计开始后3个月内完成。然而，马来西亚税务局2008 - 2013年度报告强调存在无法在规定期限内完成的税务审计案件。在此基础上，本文探讨了导致税务审计案件结案延迟的因素。为了实现这一目标，使用调查机制对吉隆坡和雪兰莪联邦直辖区IRB办事处的209个JACs进行了调查。结果表明:所研究的四个因素与税务审计时间之间存在显著的相关关系;江淮对审计工作的了解，行业的复杂性，公司对会计记录的遵守，以及公司给予的合作。然而，结果显示，被审计公司的规模与税务审计时间之间的关系并不显著。本研究为税务审计文献做出了贡献，并为马来西亚税务局提供了一些建议，以重组和改进被视为过于通用的税务审计框架。【关键词】税务审计时间;《税务审计框架2007》【摘要】税务审计时间;税务审计时间;2001年，马来西亚喀拉拉邦地区的农业系统，马来西亚喀拉拉邦地区的农业系统，马来西亚喀拉拉邦地区的农业系统，马来西亚喀拉拉邦地区的农业系统，马来西亚喀拉拉邦地区的农业系统，2004年。审计cukai merupakan satu仪器penting dalam STS kerana ia menggalakkan pematuhan cukai secara sukarela di kalangan pembayar cukai。Pematuhan cukai ini sentiasa dipantau olah Juru Audit cukai (JAC) dari LHDNM melalui负责审计业务和审计业务。Mengikut Rangka Kerja Audit Cukai (RKAC) 2007, sessuatu Audit Cukai perlu diselesaikan dalam tempoh masa 3 bulan bermulanya Audit。Akan tetapi数据dari Laporan ta湖南LHDNM 2008 hinga 2013 menunjukkan kes审计yang dijalankan tidak dapat diselesaikan dalam tempoh masa yang ditetapkan。Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenpasti因子-因子yang menyumbang kepada kellewatan dalam penyelesan audit cukai。在雪兰莪州，当雪兰莪州，当雪兰莪州，当雪兰莪州，当雪兰莪州，当雪兰莪州。Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signikan antara empat factor of yang dikaji denan tempoh masa audit cukai;pengetahuan JAC terhadap kerja audit, tahap kerumitan industri, pematuhan penyimpanan rekod pengiraan oleh syarikat, kerjasama yang diberi oleh syarikat。Hasil bagaimanapun mendapati tiada hubungan yang signfifikan antara saiz syarikat yang审计dan tempoh masa审计cukai。Kajian ini menyumbang kepada文献审计cukai dan menyarankan beberapa cadangan kepada LHDNM untuk menyarankan semula审计cukai yang dililhat terlalu umum。Kata Kunci: Tempoh masa audit cukai, Rangkakerja audit cukai 2007
{"title":"Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tempoh Audit Cukai: Kajian dari Perspektif Juruaudit Cukai Di Malaysia","authors":"Thilagavathy Apadore, Rosiati Ramli, Md. Palil","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-08","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tax is an important revenue channel for any country, including Malaysia. Within this perspective, Malaysia introduced the selft-assessment tax system for corporations in 2001 and for individuals in 2004 to enhance tax collection system. Tax audit is an important instrument for the self-assessment tax system as it encourages voluntary tax compliance by tax payers. Compliance to such a system is monitored by the Tax Auditor (Juru Audit Cukai) of the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia, through external and desk audit processes. The Tax Audit Framework 2007 provides for a tax audit to be completed within a period of 3 months post commencement of the audit. However, the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia’s 2008 - 2013 Yearly Reports highlighted existence of tax audit cases that could not be completed within the stipulated period. In lieu of this, this paper investigated the factors that contributed to the delays in completion of tax audit cases. To achieve the objective, a total of 209 JACs from IRB offices in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor were investigated using a survey mechanism. The result showed significant relationships between four factors being studied and the time taken to do tax audit; JAC’s knowledge toward audit work, the complexity of industries, compliance to accounting record keeping by companies, and the cooperation given by companies.The result however showed insignificant relationship between the size of the companies being audited and the time taken to do tax audit. This study contributes to the tax audit literature and provides several suggestions to the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia to restructure and improve the Tax Audit Framework which is seen as too generic. Keywords: Tax audit time period , Tax Audit Framework 2007 ABSTRAK Cukai pendapatan merupakan cukai yang dikenakan oleh Pihak Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Malaysia (LHDNM) ke atas pendapatan yang bercukai. Sejak tahun 2001 , kerajaan Malaysia telah memperkenalkan Sistem Taksir Sendiri (STS) untuk percukaian syarikat, manakala bagi percukaian individu pula, sistem yang sama telah dilaksanakan bermula tahun 2004. Audit cukai merupakan satu instrumen penting dalam STS kerana ia menggalakkan pematuhan cukai secara sukarela di kalangan pembayar cukai. Pematuhan cukai ini sentiasa dipantau olah Juru Audit Cukai (JAC) dari LHDNM melalui proses Audit luar dan Audit meja. Mengikut Rangka Kerja Audit Cukai (RKAC) 2007, sesuatu audit cukai perlu diselesaikan dalam tempoh masa 3 bulan bermulanya audit. Akan tetapi data dari Laporan Tahunan LHDNM 2008 hingga 2013 menunjukkan kes audit yang dijalankan tidak dapat diselesaikan dalam tempoh masa yang ditetapkan. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenalpasti faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kelewatan dalam penyelesaian audit cukai. Bagi mencapai objektif utama kajian ini, seramai 209 JAC dari LHDNM Wilayah Persekutuan dan Selangor telah dikaji menggunakan kaedah soal selidik. Hasil kajian ini men","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44141274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-09
Zaini Embong, Leila Hosseini
This paper investigates the reciprocal or endogenous relationship between earnings management and analyst forecast accuracy. Earnings number is one of the most referred information especially in relation to investment decision-making. Financial analysts use earnings number and its trend in coming up with their forecast. The quality of earnings reported hence may affect the accuracy of forecast made by analysts. Quality of reported earnings is often indicated by earnings management. One of the motivations to manage earnings is to meet or beat analyst forecasts. If analysts failed to account for earnings management, it is possible that earnings manipulation in the previous year may mislead analysts and affect forecast accuracy for current and/or future years. Thus, relationship between earnings management and forecast accuracy could be endogenous or reciprocal, where managers react upon analysts’ forecasts and analysts use reported earnings to make forecast. Previous research on this area assume earnings management and forecast accuracy as exogenous variables. This study on the other hand incorporates the reciprocal relationship between analyst forecast accuracy and earnings management in examining whether analysts can detect earnings management. The relationship between earnings management and analyst forecast accuracy of 110 firms listed on Main board of Bursa Malaysia from 2007 to 2012 is analyzed using dynamic panel system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. The year 2007 to 2012 is chosen because this represents the period of convergence from MASB to MFRS. Result indicates that meeting or beating the forecast is one of the incentives for earnings management although not a strong incentive. On the other hand, earnings management significantly influence forecast accuracy, indicating that somehow, analysts trust the reported earnings. This study adds to the literature by addressing the possible endogenous and dynamic relationship between earnings management and analyst forecast accuracy.
{"title":"Analyst Forecast Accuracy and Earnings Management","authors":"Zaini Embong, Leila Hosseini","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-09","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the reciprocal or endogenous relationship between earnings management and analyst forecast accuracy. Earnings number is one of the most referred information especially in relation to investment decision-making. Financial analysts use earnings number and its trend in coming up with their forecast. The quality of earnings reported hence may affect the accuracy of forecast made by analysts. Quality of reported earnings is often indicated by earnings management. One of the motivations to manage earnings is to meet or beat analyst forecasts. If analysts failed to account for earnings management, it is possible that earnings manipulation in the previous year may mislead analysts and affect forecast accuracy for current and/or future years. Thus, relationship between earnings management and forecast accuracy could be endogenous or reciprocal, where managers react upon analysts’ forecasts and analysts use reported earnings to make forecast. Previous research on this area assume earnings management and forecast accuracy as exogenous variables. This study on the other hand incorporates the reciprocal relationship between analyst forecast accuracy and earnings management in examining whether analysts can detect earnings management. The relationship between earnings management and analyst forecast accuracy of 110 firms listed on Main board of Bursa Malaysia from 2007 to 2012 is analyzed using dynamic panel system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator. The year 2007 to 2012 is chosen because this represents the period of convergence from MASB to MFRS. Result indicates that meeting or beating the forecast is one of the incentives for earnings management although not a strong incentive. On the other hand, earnings management significantly influence forecast accuracy, indicating that somehow, analysts trust the reported earnings. This study adds to the literature by addressing the possible endogenous and dynamic relationship between earnings management and analyst forecast accuracy.","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41592430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-01
Noradiva Hamzah, Maizatulakma Abdullah
The purpose of this study is to explore stakeholder power in corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSER) disclosure in Malaysia. We collected data through content analysis and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to identify the disclosure level of CSER in the annual reports by listed companies in Malaysia. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect opinions from stakeholders to understand the CSER phenomenon, particularly the motivations of CSER in Malaysia. This study utilises the ‘stakeholder theory’ because this theory is based on the moral treatment of stakeholders and has been widely used by accounting researchers in CSER sustainability studies. The interviews provide evidence that stakeholders, particularly government and non-government organisations, show their concern on the importance of social and environmental disclosures. This concern may be one of the driving factors that influence companies to reveal a large amount of CSER information related to the society and environmental aspects. This finding indicates that present secondary stakeholders play a crucial part in compelling organisations to disclose CSER information.
{"title":"Stakeholder Power towards Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility Disclosure: Evidence from Malaysia","authors":"Noradiva Hamzah, Maizatulakma Abdullah","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-01","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to explore stakeholder power in corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSER) disclosure in Malaysia. We collected data through content analysis and semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used to identify the disclosure level of CSER in the annual reports by listed companies in Malaysia. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect opinions from stakeholders to understand the CSER phenomenon, particularly the motivations of CSER in Malaysia. This study utilises the ‘stakeholder theory’ because this theory is based on the moral treatment of stakeholders and has been widely used by accounting researchers in CSER sustainability studies. The interviews provide evidence that stakeholders, particularly government and non-government organisations, show their concern on the importance of social and environmental disclosures. This concern may be one of the driving factors that influence companies to reveal a large amount of CSER information related to the society and environmental aspects. This finding indicates that present secondary stakeholders play a crucial part in compelling organisations to disclose CSER information.","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45570458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-02
M. Rahman, M. Yahya, Maizatulakma Abdullah
Occupational health and safety reporting (OHS) is important for the evaluation of business risk as well as representing the commitment of the reporting companies to their stakeholders which in turn enhance companies’ images. The evidences of OHS reporting practices can be found in prior studies that exist in the literature of corporate social reporting, intellectual capital reporting and risk reporting. However not much can be understood from prior studies as the extent to which OHS index reporting captured was somewhat limited. Therefore, an exclusive OHS reporting study that apply more comprehensive index of reporting would ensure the far-reaching of its understanding. This index was applied in content analysis of corporate annual reports for financial year ended 2014. The objective of the study is to compare the practices of OHS reporting by 40 Malaysia companies against 40 companies from so-called reporting leading country such as the United Kingdom (UK). The findings are expected to be indicative of current practices of such reporting as well as to propose the area of improvement. In the absence of reporting guidelines, the study’s findings suggest that the OHS reporting practice in Malaysia is comparable to the UK. In some reporting items, Malaysia companies report even more than the UK companies. However, Malaysia companies are suggested to increase financial-based OHS reporting as they are behind their counterparts in the UK. This study is consistent with Stakeholder Theory where reporting companies not only perform OHS work as a mean to discharge its accountability but they also use annual reports as a method of accountability information conveyance.
{"title":"Occupational Health and Safety Reports: A Comparative Study between Malaysia and the United Kingdom","authors":"M. Rahman, M. Yahya, Maizatulakma Abdullah","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-02","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational health and safety reporting (OHS) is important for the evaluation of business risk as well as representing the commitment of the reporting companies to their stakeholders which in turn enhance companies’ images. The evidences of OHS reporting practices can be found in prior studies that exist in the literature of corporate social reporting, intellectual capital reporting and risk reporting. However not much can be understood from prior studies as the extent to which OHS index reporting captured was somewhat limited. Therefore, an exclusive OHS reporting study that apply more comprehensive index of reporting would ensure the far-reaching of its understanding. This index was applied in content analysis of corporate annual reports for financial year ended 2014. The objective of the study is to compare the practices of OHS reporting by 40 Malaysia companies against 40 companies from so-called reporting leading country such as the United Kingdom (UK). The findings are expected to be indicative of current practices of such reporting as well as to propose the area of improvement. In the absence of reporting guidelines, the study’s findings suggest that the OHS reporting practice in Malaysia is comparable to the UK. In some reporting items, Malaysia companies report even more than the UK companies. However, Malaysia companies are suggested to increase financial-based OHS reporting as they are behind their counterparts in the UK. This study is consistent with Stakeholder Theory where reporting companies not only perform OHS work as a mean to discharge its accountability but they also use annual reports as a method of accountability information conveyance.","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43154994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-04
Helmy Mohd Daud, Rosiati Ramli, Romlah Jaffar, Mohd Mohid Rahmat
Di Malaysia, kajian ke atas siasatan cukai adalah terhad disebabkan oleh faktor kerahsian maklumat yang tinggi. Maka wujud jurang yang besar di antara amalan pentadbir cukai dan pengetahuan orang ramai terhadap kes-kes siasatan cukai, khususnya syarikat. Justeru kajian ini bertujuan mendedahkan strategi pengelakan cukai melalui pelarasan yang kerap dilakukan oleh syarikat, ciri-ciri syarikat yang disiasat, dan purata tempoh kes selesai. Ini merupakan kajian penerokaan menggunakan data kes siasatan cukai yang diperolehi daripada Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Malaysia (LHDNM) bagi tempoh 2012 hingga 2014. Daripada 838 kes, hasil mendapati bentuk pengelakan cukai yang paling kerap dilakukan adalah pelarasan jualan, melibatkan syarikat kecil dan sederhana dengan jualan di bawah RM500,000 setahun sebagai pelaku utama. Berdasarkan sektor, yang paling banyak disiasat ialah syarikat daripada perniagaan pemborong dan peruncit. Hasil kajian juga mendapati secara purata satu kes siasatan cukai diselesaikan dalam tempoh 22 bulan dengan majoriti kes melibatkan tempoh melebihi 18 bulan. Dapatan kajian ini menjadi asas untuk membantu penyelidik seterusnya mencari sebab mengapa siasatan cukai mengambil masa yang lama untuk diselesaikan yang memberi kesan negatif ke atas hasil kutipan cukai negara.
{"title":"Siasatan Cukai di Malaysia: Kajian Penerokaan ke atas Kes Syarikat","authors":"Helmy Mohd Daud, Rosiati Ramli, Romlah Jaffar, Mohd Mohid Rahmat","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-04","url":null,"abstract":"Di Malaysia, kajian ke atas siasatan cukai adalah terhad disebabkan oleh faktor kerahsian maklumat yang tinggi. Maka wujud jurang yang besar di antara amalan pentadbir cukai dan pengetahuan orang ramai terhadap kes-kes siasatan cukai, khususnya syarikat. Justeru kajian ini bertujuan mendedahkan strategi pengelakan cukai melalui pelarasan yang kerap dilakukan oleh syarikat, ciri-ciri syarikat yang disiasat, dan purata tempoh kes selesai. Ini merupakan kajian penerokaan menggunakan data kes siasatan cukai yang diperolehi daripada Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Malaysia (LHDNM) bagi tempoh 2012 hingga 2014. Daripada 838 kes, hasil mendapati bentuk pengelakan cukai yang paling kerap dilakukan adalah pelarasan jualan, melibatkan syarikat kecil dan sederhana dengan jualan di bawah RM500,000 setahun sebagai pelaku utama. Berdasarkan sektor, yang paling banyak disiasat ialah syarikat daripada perniagaan pemborong dan peruncit. Hasil kajian juga mendapati secara purata satu kes siasatan cukai diselesaikan dalam tempoh 22 bulan dengan majoriti kes melibatkan tempoh melebihi 18 bulan. Dapatan kajian ini menjadi asas untuk membantu penyelidik seterusnya mencari sebab mengapa siasatan cukai mengambil masa yang lama untuk diselesaikan yang memberi kesan negatif ke atas hasil kutipan cukai negara.","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41916356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-10
Haslina Hassan, Ruhanita Maelah, Amizawati Mohd Amir, Md. Palil
Isu alam sekitar sangat ketara dalam kalangan industri pembinaan kerana aktiviti pembinaan memberi kesan terhadap alam sekitar. Tekanan terhadap syarikat pembinaan untuk lebih bertanggungjawab dalam memulihara alam sekitar semakin meningkat. Amalan sistem pengurusan alam sekitar (SPAS) adalah sebahagian usaha untuk meningkatkan pengurusan alam sekitar. Perakaunan pengurusan alam sekitar (PPAS) adalah satu cabang SPAS yang merupakan alat pengurusan yang mampu mengesan dan mengenal pasti kos dan pergerakan fizikal alam sekitar. P erlaksanaan PPAS dalam industri pembinaan di Malaysia masih pada tahap sederhana kerana dipercayai PPAS meningkatkan kos seterusnya menurunkan prestasi ekonomi organisasi. Selain itu terdapat pelbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan PPAS dan kesesuaian faktor dalam sesebuah organisasi adalah penting untuk memastikan PPAS mampu meningkatkan prestasi alam sekitar dan organisasi. Kajian ini melihat faktor yang mendorong PPAS dalam industri pembinaan di Malaysia dan seterusnya menentukan hubungan antara PPAS dan prestasi alam sekitar dan juga prestasi ekonomi organisasi. Data diperolehi melalui kaedah tinjauan menggunakan soal selidik dan dianalisis berdasarkan Pemodelan Persamaan Berstruktur menggunakan perisian AMOS. Responden terdiri daripada 189 akauntan syarikat pembinaan yang berdaftar dengan CIDB dan dalam Gred pendaftaran G7. Kajian mendapati faktor luaran dan faktor dalaman mempunyai hubungan langsung yang signifikan dengan PPAS, PPAS juga mempunyai hubungan langsung yang signifikan terhadap prestasi alam sekitar dan prestasi ekonomi organisasi. Prestasi alam sekitar dan prestasi ekonomi organisasi juga mempunyai hubungan langsung yang signifikan. Implikasinya kajian menunjukkan pelaksanaan PPAS mampu meningkatkan prestasi alam sekitar dan prestasi ekonomi organisasi. Sehubungan itu PPAS wajar dilaksanakan oleh syarikat pembinaan kerana selain boleh memulihara alam sekitar, prestasi ekonomi organisasi juga meningkat.
{"title":"Faktor-Faktor Mempengaruhi Perlaksanaan Perakaunan Pengurusan Alam Sekitar dan Kesan ke atas Prestasi Syarikat Pembinaan di Malaysia","authors":"Haslina Hassan, Ruhanita Maelah, Amizawati Mohd Amir, Md. Palil","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-10","url":null,"abstract":"Isu alam sekitar sangat ketara dalam kalangan industri pembinaan kerana aktiviti pembinaan memberi kesan terhadap alam sekitar. Tekanan terhadap syarikat pembinaan untuk lebih bertanggungjawab dalam memulihara alam sekitar semakin meningkat. Amalan sistem pengurusan alam sekitar (SPAS) adalah sebahagian usaha untuk meningkatkan pengurusan alam sekitar. Perakaunan pengurusan alam sekitar (PPAS) adalah satu cabang SPAS yang merupakan alat pengurusan yang mampu mengesan dan mengenal pasti kos dan pergerakan fizikal alam sekitar. P erlaksanaan PPAS dalam industri pembinaan di Malaysia masih pada tahap sederhana kerana dipercayai PPAS meningkatkan kos seterusnya menurunkan prestasi ekonomi organisasi. Selain itu terdapat pelbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan PPAS dan kesesuaian faktor dalam sesebuah organisasi adalah penting untuk memastikan PPAS mampu meningkatkan prestasi alam sekitar dan organisasi. Kajian ini melihat faktor yang mendorong PPAS dalam industri pembinaan di Malaysia dan seterusnya menentukan hubungan antara PPAS dan prestasi alam sekitar dan juga prestasi ekonomi organisasi. Data diperolehi melalui kaedah tinjauan menggunakan soal selidik dan dianalisis berdasarkan Pemodelan Persamaan Berstruktur menggunakan perisian AMOS. Responden terdiri daripada 189 akauntan syarikat pembinaan yang berdaftar dengan CIDB dan dalam Gred pendaftaran G7. Kajian mendapati faktor luaran dan faktor dalaman mempunyai hubungan langsung yang signifikan dengan PPAS, PPAS juga mempunyai hubungan langsung yang signifikan terhadap prestasi alam sekitar dan prestasi ekonomi organisasi. Prestasi alam sekitar dan prestasi ekonomi organisasi juga mempunyai hubungan langsung yang signifikan. Implikasinya kajian menunjukkan pelaksanaan PPAS mampu meningkatkan prestasi alam sekitar dan prestasi ekonomi organisasi. Sehubungan itu PPAS wajar dilaksanakan oleh syarikat pembinaan kerana selain boleh memulihara alam sekitar, prestasi ekonomi organisasi juga meningkat.","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42698776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-07
Mohd Fahmee Ab-Hamid, Rozilee Asid, Nor Fatimah Che Sulaiman, W. Sulaiman, Elya Nabila Abdul Bahri
This paper studies the effects of earnings management practices on bank cost efficiency using banks in five ASEAN countries over the period 1989–2015. By employing Stochastic Frontier Analysis technique for cost efficiency, we find that each country has different efficiency level. Using panel data analysis, we further find that the increase in earnings management practices reduces the bank's efficiency significantly. The findings suggest that the banking supervisors and managers should formulate strategies that focus on the cost efficiency–related initiatives and manages the earnings management practices. With the strategies in place, it could facilitate the economic integration between ASEAN countries.
{"title":"The effect of earnings management on bank efficiency","authors":"Mohd Fahmee Ab-Hamid, Rozilee Asid, Nor Fatimah Che Sulaiman, W. Sulaiman, Elya Nabila Abdul Bahri","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the effects of earnings management practices on bank cost efficiency using banks in five ASEAN countries over the period 1989–2015. By employing Stochastic Frontier Analysis technique for cost efficiency, we find that each country has different efficiency level. Using panel data analysis, we further find that the increase in earnings management practices reduces the bank's efficiency significantly. The findings suggest that the banking supervisors and managers should formulate strategies that focus on the cost efficiency–related initiatives and manages the earnings management practices. With the strategies in place, it could facilitate the economic integration between ASEAN countries.","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48798487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-31DOI: 10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-05
Yusasniza Mohd Yunus, M. Zain, A. Aman
This study examines the impact of technological mindfulness on work-life balance among accountants in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Mindfulness is defined as constantly aware of what we are doing, aware of the consequences of actions, and able to observe the stimuli without reliance on the outdated category of actions that may reduce users’ attention level. The power of mindfulness in information system (IS) use in the workplace should enhance the outcome of users’ behaviour and work-life balance. It is fairly well understood that when work and personal life are out of balance, the stress level is likely to increase. Employees tend to bring their work home, work for long hours, and that has caused negative outcomes. For example, accountants are exposed to acute demands of services in dealing with changes and forces in business life as a result of globalisation. Underutilising the benefits of IS could impact accountants’ credibility and reputation. This study intends to explore the practices of mindfulness in IS and its impact on work-life balance. In general, the qualitative methodology was employed using case study and interviews. In selecting the cases to be included in the study, attempts were made to include accountants that use IS as mandatory in IS-intensive organisations. A set of interview questions was prepared and interviews were conducted. The findings revealed that learning and practice, knowledge sharing, IS features exploration, high visualisation, reflective thinking, creative thinking, coaching and training are some of the practices of technological mindfulness. These practices have helped IS users to be more efficient and effective in the workplace, aware of what they are doing, improve work performance and more creative in utilising the benefits of IS. Indirectly, IS users able to leave the office early and spend more time for their families and other activities. Meanwhile, the contributions of the study are two-fold: i) theoretical implication - it promotes to the new rival of theories that goes beyond the theoretical tradition of IS use; ii) practical implication - the employer has the ultimate responsibility to know the virtues and abilities of workers particularly in achieving better performance and job satisfaction. It is suggested that mindfulness theory bridging is the gap in IS innovation research as the existing models are more useful for understanding users’ intention and technology replacement decision.
{"title":"Technological Mindfulness and Work-life Balance","authors":"Yusasniza Mohd Yunus, M. Zain, A. Aman","doi":"10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/AJAG-2018-10-05","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of technological mindfulness on work-life balance among accountants in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Mindfulness is defined as constantly aware of what we are doing, aware of the consequences of actions, and able to observe the stimuli without reliance on the outdated category of actions that may reduce users’ attention level. The power of mindfulness in information system (IS) use in the workplace should enhance the outcome of users’ behaviour and work-life balance. It is fairly well understood that when work and personal life are out of balance, the stress level is likely to increase. Employees tend to bring their work home, work for long hours, and that has caused negative outcomes. For example, accountants are exposed to acute demands of services in dealing with changes and forces in business life as a result of globalisation. Underutilising the benefits of IS could impact accountants’ credibility and reputation. This study intends to explore the practices of mindfulness in IS and its impact on work-life balance. In general, the qualitative methodology was employed using case study and interviews. In selecting the cases to be included in the study, attempts were made to include accountants that use IS as mandatory in IS-intensive organisations. A set of interview questions was prepared and interviews were conducted. The findings revealed that learning and practice, knowledge sharing, IS features exploration, high visualisation, reflective thinking, creative thinking, coaching and training are some of the practices of technological mindfulness. These practices have helped IS users to be more efficient and effective in the workplace, aware of what they are doing, improve work performance and more creative in utilising the benefits of IS. Indirectly, IS users able to leave the office early and spend more time for their families and other activities. Meanwhile, the contributions of the study are two-fold: i) theoretical implication - it promotes to the new rival of theories that goes beyond the theoretical tradition of IS use; ii) practical implication - the employer has the ultimate responsibility to know the virtues and abilities of workers particularly in achieving better performance and job satisfaction. It is suggested that mindfulness theory bridging is the gap in IS innovation research as the existing models are more useful for understanding users’ intention and technology replacement decision.","PeriodicalId":42796,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42275280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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