Can Degenerative Changes Create Significant Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation? Mona Yadollahi, and Azin Alizadehasl Cardiologist, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Fellowship of Echocardiography, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran Corresponding author: Azin Alizadehasl, Fellowship of Echocardiography, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2123922190, E-mail: alizadeasl@gmail.com
{"title":"Can Degenerative Changes Create Significant Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation","authors":"Mona Yadollahi, A. Alizadehasl","doi":"10.5812/ACVI.41867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ACVI.41867","url":null,"abstract":"Can Degenerative Changes Create Significant Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation? Mona Yadollahi, and Azin Alizadehasl Cardiologist, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Fellowship of Echocardiography, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran Corresponding author: Azin Alizadehasl, Fellowship of Echocardiography, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2123922190, E-mail: alizadeasl@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124481810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Associate Professor of Cardiology, Fellow of Echocardiography, Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fellow of Echocardiography, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author: Azin Alizadehasl, Associate Professor of Cardiology, Fellow of Echocardiography, Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2123922190, E-mail: alizadeasl@gmail.com
{"title":"Severe isolated rheumatic aortic valve regurgitation","authors":"Azin Alizadehas, Samaneh Pourhosseinali","doi":"10.5812/acvi.41758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.41758","url":null,"abstract":"Associate Professor of Cardiology, Fellow of Echocardiography, Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fellow of Echocardiography, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author: Azin Alizadehasl, Associate Professor of Cardiology, Fellow of Echocardiography, Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2123922190, E-mail: alizadeasl@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128086190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) from any cause is associated with increased mortality, especially in cases of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). One of the many reasons behind a bad prognosis is the inherent difficulty in assessing right ventricular (RV) function with reproducible methods. Intensive research involving the left heart has made it relatively easy to assess left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions in many centers around the world. As for the RV, however, although increasing attention has been focused on the right-sided heart in the recent times, neither global longitudinal strain nor right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) has been studied well in relation to the outcome (unlike in the LV). Another issue is that the right heart functions in a circuitry involving the right atrium (RA), the RV, and the pulmonary artery. Hence, all 3 components of this circuit have important roles in unison to eject a cardiac output equivalent to the left-sided heart. In this review, we sought to discuss the ways to quantity the function of the entire circuit using both standard and advanced echocardiographic imaging modalities. As primary PAH is the classic form of pathology causing the RV to face an afterload with which it is not destined to cope, this review is mainly based on the assessment of the right heart as a circuit in idiopathic primary PAH.
{"title":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension: A two-dimensional echocardiographic approach from screening to prognosis","authors":"S. Saha","doi":"10.5812/acvi.41818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.41818","url":null,"abstract":"An elevated pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) from any cause is associated with increased mortality, especially in cases of primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). One of the many reasons behind a bad prognosis is the inherent difficulty in assessing right ventricular (RV) function with reproducible methods. Intensive research involving the left heart has made it relatively easy to assess left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions in many centers around the world. As for the RV, however, although increasing attention has been focused on the right-sided heart in the recent times, neither global longitudinal strain nor right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) has been studied well in relation to the outcome (unlike in the LV). Another issue is that the right heart functions in a circuitry involving the right atrium (RA), the RV, and the pulmonary artery. Hence, all 3 components of this circuit have important roles in unison to eject a cardiac output equivalent to the left-sided heart. In this review, we sought to discuss the ways to quantity the function of the entire circuit using both standard and advanced echocardiographic imaging modalities. As primary PAH is the classic form of pathology causing the RV to face an afterload with which it is not destined to cope, this review is mainly based on the assessment of the right heart as a circuit in idiopathic primary PAH.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131591758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Abnormalities in the velocity and pattern of myocardial shortening on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) have been proposed to aid in the noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Objectives: We investigated the diagnostic value of post-systolic shortening (PSS), a delayed ejection velocity of the myocardium after the closure of the aortic valve, on TDI in the diagnosis of CAD among patients with chest pain and normal resting wall motion on standard 2D echocardiography. Methods: Eighty consecutive patients (49% female) with typical ischemic chest pain but without prior myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, arrhythmia, or heart failure, who had no regional wall motion abnormalities on resting echocardiography revascularization, arrhythmia, or heart failure, who had no regional wall motion abnormalities on resting echocardiography at 2 levels (basal and mid left ventricle [LV]) in each of the 4 LV walls (i.e., septal, anterior, inferior, and lateral). Coronary angiography was performed and interpreted per standard clinical protocols. Results: Compared to the patients with normal coronaries, those with angiographic CAD showed significantly increased myocardial isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) velocity (P < 0.001) and significantly prolonged IVRT (P < 0.001) at the septal, anterior, inferior, and lateral LV walls. With a cutoff value > 4.0 m/sec, a positive PSS velocity had about 65% sensitivity and 85% specificity with a positive predictive value > 90% in predicting angiographic CAD. Conclusions: Among patients with chest pain and normal LV wall motion on 2D echocardiography, a prominent and prolonged IVRT on TDI may help predict the presence of significant CAD.
{"title":"Does the post-systolic shortening of the left ventricle by tissue doppler imaging predict coronary artery disease?","authors":"H. Radwan, A. Shawky, Abdelhakem Selem","doi":"10.5812/acvi.41788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.41788","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abnormalities in the velocity and pattern of myocardial shortening on tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) have been proposed to aid in the noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Objectives: We investigated the diagnostic value of post-systolic shortening (PSS), a delayed ejection velocity of the myocardium after the closure of the aortic valve, on TDI in the diagnosis of CAD among patients with chest pain and normal resting wall motion on standard 2D echocardiography. Methods: Eighty consecutive patients (49% female) with typical ischemic chest pain but without prior myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, arrhythmia, or heart failure, who had no regional wall motion abnormalities on resting echocardiography revascularization, arrhythmia, or heart failure, who had no regional wall motion abnormalities on resting echocardiography at 2 levels (basal and mid left ventricle [LV]) in each of the 4 LV walls (i.e., septal, anterior, inferior, and lateral). Coronary angiography was performed and interpreted per standard clinical protocols. Results: Compared to the patients with normal coronaries, those with angiographic CAD showed significantly increased myocardial isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) velocity (P < 0.001) and significantly prolonged IVRT (P < 0.001) at the septal, anterior, inferior, and lateral LV walls. With a cutoff value > 4.0 m/sec, a positive PSS velocity had about 65% sensitivity and 85% specificity with a positive predictive value > 90% in predicting angiographic CAD. Conclusions: Among patients with chest pain and normal LV wall motion on 2D echocardiography, a prominent and prolonged IVRT on TDI may help predict the presence of significant CAD.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123963805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Spanos, C. Karathanos, G. Kouvelos, A. Athanasoulas, A. Drakou, A. Giannoukas
Background: The central venous catheter (CVC) is broadly used in medical practice. However, its use constitutes an invasive procedure with morbidity. Objectives: To assess the role of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in CVC related complications and the mid-term outcome of dialysis patients after their treatment. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of dialysis patients treated for CVC-related complications and their monitoring during a midterm follow-up. Results: From 2012 - 2014, eight patients (mean age 59±1.2 years; 6 males) with CVC related complication were treated. All complication were diagnosed and verified by a CTA (100%). Two patients presented with local hematoma, 3 with major bleeding, 2 with a retained guide-wire, and 1 with a disconnected part of a port-catheter. The direct repair of an arterial or venous wall injury was undertaken in 7 patients, with the simultaneous removal of a retained guide-wire in 2 and the removal of a misplaced CVC in 1 of them. One patient had the endovascular approach with the removal of the disconnected part. No death or major complication occurred during the procedures. During the follow-up (range =12 - 24 mon), no re-intervention, clinical episode of venous thromboembolism, or death was recorded. Conclusions: Invasive treatment of dialysis patients for CVC related complications is effective and durable during mid-term follow up with no re-intervention, clinical episode of VTE or death. CTA is a reliable mean for the diagnosis of CVC related complications.
{"title":"Role of computed tomographic angiography in central venous catheter related complications in dialysis patients","authors":"K. Spanos, C. Karathanos, G. Kouvelos, A. Athanasoulas, A. Drakou, A. Giannoukas","doi":"10.5812/acvi.41807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.41807","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The central venous catheter (CVC) is broadly used in medical practice. However, its use constitutes an invasive procedure with morbidity. Objectives: To assess the role of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) in CVC related complications and the mid-term outcome of dialysis patients after their treatment. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of dialysis patients treated for CVC-related complications and their monitoring during a midterm follow-up. Results: From 2012 - 2014, eight patients (mean age 59±1.2 years; 6 males) with CVC related complication were treated. All complication were diagnosed and verified by a CTA (100%). Two patients presented with local hematoma, 3 with major bleeding, 2 with a retained guide-wire, and 1 with a disconnected part of a port-catheter. The direct repair of an arterial or venous wall injury was undertaken in 7 patients, with the simultaneous removal of a retained guide-wire in 2 and the removal of a misplaced CVC in 1 of them. One patient had the endovascular approach with the removal of the disconnected part. No death or major complication occurred during the procedures. During the follow-up (range =12 - 24 mon), no re-intervention, clinical episode of venous thromboembolism, or death was recorded. Conclusions: Invasive treatment of dialysis patients for CVC related complications is effective and durable during mid-term follow up with no re-intervention, clinical episode of VTE or death. CTA is a reliable mean for the diagnosis of CVC related complications.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125349869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bakkali Tarik, H. M. Amine, Lekhel Brahim, Sefiani Yasser, M. Abbes, B. Younes
Introduction: Arterial involvement in Behcet's disease has been previously described. We report a rare case of a large and longsegment thoracoabdominal aneurysm, which was associated with Behcet's disease and had an unfavorable evolution. Case Presentation: A 23-year-old man was diagnosed with Behcet's disease, as revealed by a carotid aneurysm, and was treated with a prosthetic graft reconstruction as well as immunosuppressive therapy. The patient was lost to follow-up. He stopped the medications of his own will 1 month after his discharge from the hospital. Two years later, he presented with chest pain of 1 week's duration. Alarge aneurysminvolving a long aorta segment from the sinus of Valsalva to the abdominal aorta above the renal arteries was identified by computed tomography angiography. Unfortunately, the patient died despite immunosuppressive therapy and before any surgical or endovascular intervention could be performed. Conclusions: This rare observation supports the role of immunosuppressive therapy in preventing the recurrence of lifethreatening vascular lesions in the management of Behcet's disease.
{"title":"Fatal expanding thoracoabdominal aneurysm in known but mistreated behcet's disease in a young patient","authors":"Bakkali Tarik, H. M. Amine, Lekhel Brahim, Sefiani Yasser, M. Abbes, B. Younes","doi":"10.5812/acvi.38067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.38067","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Arterial involvement in Behcet's disease has been previously described. We report a rare case of a large and longsegment thoracoabdominal aneurysm, which was associated with Behcet's disease and had an unfavorable evolution. Case Presentation: A 23-year-old man was diagnosed with Behcet's disease, as revealed by a carotid aneurysm, and was treated with a prosthetic graft reconstruction as well as immunosuppressive therapy. The patient was lost to follow-up. He stopped the medications of his own will 1 month after his discharge from the hospital. Two years later, he presented with chest pain of 1 week's duration. Alarge aneurysminvolving a long aorta segment from the sinus of Valsalva to the abdominal aorta above the renal arteries was identified by computed tomography angiography. Unfortunately, the patient died despite immunosuppressive therapy and before any surgical or endovascular intervention could be performed. Conclusions: This rare observation supports the role of immunosuppressive therapy in preventing the recurrence of lifethreatening vascular lesions in the management of Behcet's disease.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123284185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As most PVs are innately and inherently stenotic, the effective orifice area (EOA) of a PV is frequently small in relation to the patient’s body size, an important phenomenon known as prosthesis/patient mismatch (PPM). In aortic valves, PPM is defined1 as moderate when the indexed EOA is ≤ 0.85 cm/m and is defined as severe when the indexed EOA is ≤ 0.65 cm/ m. In the mitral valve, the cutoff points are 1.2 and 0.9 cm/m, correspondingly. Importantly, PPM has been linked to suboptimal symptomatic improvement, weakened exercise capacity, pulmonary artery hypertension, incomplete regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, increased heart events, and even mortality rates after valve replacement (2-4) According to the literature, PPM is the most common cause of an increased transprosthetic gradient; however, it is essential to distinguish this state from other acquired PV stenoses, which may result from significant leaflet calcification on bioprosthetic valves and pannus overgrowth or thrombus creation on mechanical PVs.
{"title":"Stress echocardiography in prosthetic heart valves","authors":"A. Sadeghpour, A. Alizadehasl","doi":"10.5812/acvi.39032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.39032","url":null,"abstract":"As most PVs are innately and inherently stenotic, the effective orifice area (EOA) of a PV is frequently small in relation to the patient’s body size, an important phenomenon known as prosthesis/patient mismatch (PPM). In aortic valves, PPM is defined1 as moderate when the indexed EOA is ≤ 0.85 cm/m and is defined as severe when the indexed EOA is ≤ 0.65 cm/ m. In the mitral valve, the cutoff points are 1.2 and 0.9 cm/m, correspondingly. Importantly, PPM has been linked to suboptimal symptomatic improvement, weakened exercise capacity, pulmonary artery hypertension, incomplete regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, increased heart events, and even mortality rates after valve replacement (2-4) According to the literature, PPM is the most common cause of an increased transprosthetic gradient; however, it is essential to distinguish this state from other acquired PV stenoses, which may result from significant leaflet calcification on bioprosthetic valves and pannus overgrowth or thrombus creation on mechanical PVs.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132972254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regadenoson (REG) is a selective adenosine A2a receptor agonist which is used as an agent to induce vasodilation for the nuclear myocardial perfusion stress test in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (1). Here we report a case where REG infusion caused immediate accentuation of a murmur with an increase in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient, which led to the diagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) in this patient.
{"title":"Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy diagnosed during regadenoson stress test","authors":"Salahuddin Siddiqui, K. Manzar","doi":"10.5812/acvi.40908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.40908","url":null,"abstract":"Regadenoson (REG) is a selective adenosine A2a receptor agonist which is used as an agent to induce vasodilation for the nuclear myocardial perfusion stress test in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (1). Here we report a case where REG infusion caused immediate accentuation of a murmur with an increase in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient, which led to the diagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) in this patient.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125342156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Pouraliakbar, A. Sadeghpour, A. Alizadehasl, A. Firoozi, Kianoush Homightoun, N. Alborzi, Pravin Bayati, M. Movassaghi
Coronary-cameral fistulas (CCFs) constitute a rare anomaly that can be incidentally detected during angiography. CCFs are solitary, large or small assemblies that originate from coronary arteries and enter one of the cardiac chambers. We describe a 29-year-old woman, whoreferred to our clinic with the chief complaints of palpitation, atypical chest pain, and dyspnea on exertion (functional class II). Multimodality imaging confirmed the diagnosis of a CCF from the left main with extension to the right atrium and drainage therein. The CCF was closed percutaneously with a patent ductus arteriosus occluder successfully.
{"title":"Large coronary-cameral fistulas in an adult patient: A rare coronary anomaly with concealed clinical findings (Case Report and Literature Review)","authors":"H. Pouraliakbar, A. Sadeghpour, A. Alizadehasl, A. Firoozi, Kianoush Homightoun, N. Alborzi, Pravin Bayati, M. Movassaghi","doi":"10.5812/acvi.40954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.40954","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary-cameral fistulas (CCFs) constitute a rare anomaly that can be incidentally detected during angiography. CCFs are solitary, large or small assemblies that originate from coronary arteries and enter one of the cardiac chambers. We describe a 29-year-old woman, whoreferred to our clinic with the chief complaints of palpitation, atypical chest pain, and dyspnea on exertion (functional class II). Multimodality imaging confirmed the diagnosis of a CCF from the left main with extension to the right atrium and drainage therein. The CCF was closed percutaneously with a patent ductus arteriosus occluder successfully.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133901586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isolated quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a very rare cardiac anomaly, with an estimated incidence of 0.031 to 0.043% among all congenital heart diseases (1). Although association with other anomalies has been reported, QAV very often presents as an isolated congenital anomaly (2). According to Hurwitz and Roberts’ classification, QAV is divided into 7 types (A to G) with respect to the size of the AV cusps (Table 1). Types A and B are the more common types. Aortic regurgitation as a usual complication of QAV occurs in type B with high eventuality because of its specific anatomy and unbalanced stress on the cusps.
{"title":"Isolated quadricuspid aortic valve","authors":"M. Toufan, S. Mahmoudi","doi":"10.5812/acvi.31692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/acvi.31692","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a very rare cardiac anomaly, with an estimated incidence of 0.031 to 0.043% among all congenital heart diseases (1). Although association with other anomalies has been reported, QAV very often presents as an isolated congenital anomaly (2). According to Hurwitz and Roberts’ classification, QAV is divided into 7 types (A to G) with respect to the size of the AV cusps (Table 1). Types A and B are the more common types. Aortic regurgitation as a usual complication of QAV occurs in type B with high eventuality because of its specific anatomy and unbalanced stress on the cusps.","PeriodicalId":429543,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116661366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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