Introduction: Uterine arteriovenous malformations can either be congenital or acquired and are rare vascular disorders seen in women of child bearing age, with varied presentation. The clinical features range from being asymptomatic to life threatening haemorrhage. Imaging, particularly grey scale and color Doppler ultrasonography play a major role in the prompt diagnosis of this condition as the findings are useful when differentiating between the types as well as in planning the management of these patients. Objectives: To make a report of a rare case of arteriovenous malformation of the uterus in a young female patient with a review of relevant literature as well as to highlight the importance of Colour Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of uterine lesions. Case Presentation: The case is of a 36year old female patient with a 2 years history of amenorrhoea following multiple sessions of dilatation and curettage. She also had chemotherapy due to choriocarcinoma. Pregnancy test was negative. Pelvic ultrasound scan done showed multiple cystic tubular spaces that were hypervascular on colour Doppler interrogation. High velocities and low RI values were recorded. Conclusion: Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are important rare vascular disorders of the uterine vessels that need to be recognized early on imaging for appropriate management to be instituted.
简介子宫动静脉畸形可以是先天性的，也可以是后天性的，是一种罕见的血管疾病，多见于育龄妇女，表现形式多种多样。临床特征从无症状到危及生命的大出血不等。影像学检查，尤其是灰阶和彩色多普勒超声波检查，在及时诊断这种疾病方面发挥着重要作用，因为检查结果有助于区分不同类型的瘘管，也有助于规划对这些患者的治疗。研究目的报告一例罕见的年轻女性子宫动静脉畸形病例，回顾相关文献，并强调彩色多普勒超声检查在评估子宫病变中的重要性。病例介绍：该病例是一名 36 岁的女性患者，在多次扩张和刮宫术后闭经 2 年。她还曾因绒毛膜癌接受过化疗。妊娠试验呈阴性。盆腔超声波扫描显示多个囊性管腔，在彩色多普勒检查中显示为高血管性。记录到高速度和低 RI 值。结论子宫动静脉畸形（AVM）是一种重要的罕见子宫血管疾病，需要通过影像学检查及早发现，以便采取适当的治疗措施。
{"title":"Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation, Grey- Scale and Colour Doppler findings: A Case Report and Review","authors":"Aimua Harriet Ikhiale, Rabi Farouq, Oriaifo Bosede Belinda, Aimua J.E","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2024.v06i01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2024.v06i01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Uterine arteriovenous malformations can either be congenital or acquired and are rare vascular disorders seen in women of child bearing age, with varied presentation. The clinical features range from being asymptomatic to life threatening haemorrhage. Imaging, particularly grey scale and color Doppler ultrasonography play a major role in the prompt diagnosis of this condition as the findings are useful when differentiating between the types as well as in planning the management of these patients. Objectives: To make a report of a rare case of arteriovenous malformation of the uterus in a young female patient with a review of relevant literature as well as to highlight the importance of Colour Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of uterine lesions. Case Presentation: The case is of a 36year old female patient with a 2 years history of amenorrhoea following multiple sessions of dilatation and curettage. She also had chemotherapy due to choriocarcinoma. Pregnancy test was negative. Pelvic ultrasound scan done showed multiple cystic tubular spaces that were hypervascular on colour Doppler interrogation. High velocities and low RI values were recorded. Conclusion: Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are important rare vascular disorders of the uterine vessels that need to be recognized early on imaging for appropriate management to be instituted.","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139886547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Uterine arteriovenous malformations can either be congenital or acquired and are rare vascular disorders seen in women of child bearing age, with varied presentation. The clinical features range from being asymptomatic to life threatening haemorrhage. Imaging, particularly grey scale and color Doppler ultrasonography play a major role in the prompt diagnosis of this condition as the findings are useful when differentiating between the types as well as in planning the management of these patients. Objectives: To make a report of a rare case of arteriovenous malformation of the uterus in a young female patient with a review of relevant literature as well as to highlight the importance of Colour Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of uterine lesions. Case Presentation: The case is of a 36year old female patient with a 2 years history of amenorrhoea following multiple sessions of dilatation and curettage. She also had chemotherapy due to choriocarcinoma. Pregnancy test was negative. Pelvic ultrasound scan done showed multiple cystic tubular spaces that were hypervascular on colour Doppler interrogation. High velocities and low RI values were recorded. Conclusion: Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are important rare vascular disorders of the uterine vessels that need to be recognized early on imaging for appropriate management to be instituted.
简介子宫动静脉畸形可以是先天性的，也可以是后天性的，是一种罕见的血管疾病，多见于育龄妇女，表现形式多种多样。临床特征从无症状到危及生命的大出血不等。影像学检查，尤其是灰阶和彩色多普勒超声波检查，在及时诊断这种疾病方面发挥着重要作用，因为检查结果有助于区分不同类型的瘘管，也有助于规划对这些患者的治疗。研究目的报告一例罕见的年轻女性子宫动静脉畸形病例，回顾相关文献，并强调彩色多普勒超声检查在评估子宫病变中的重要性。病例介绍：该病例是一名 36 岁的女性患者，在多次扩张和刮宫术后闭经 2 年。她还曾因绒毛膜癌接受过化疗。妊娠试验呈阴性。盆腔超声波扫描显示多个囊性管腔，在彩色多普勒检查中显示为高血管性。记录到高速度和低 RI 值。结论子宫动静脉畸形（AVM）是一种重要的罕见子宫血管疾病，需要通过影像学检查及早发现，以便采取适当的治疗措施。
{"title":"Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation, Grey- Scale and Colour Doppler findings: A Case Report and Review","authors":"Aimua Harriet Ikhiale, Rabi Farouq, Oriaifo Bosede Belinda, Aimua J.E","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2024.v06i01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2024.v06i01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Uterine arteriovenous malformations can either be congenital or acquired and are rare vascular disorders seen in women of child bearing age, with varied presentation. The clinical features range from being asymptomatic to life threatening haemorrhage. Imaging, particularly grey scale and color Doppler ultrasonography play a major role in the prompt diagnosis of this condition as the findings are useful when differentiating between the types as well as in planning the management of these patients. Objectives: To make a report of a rare case of arteriovenous malformation of the uterus in a young female patient with a review of relevant literature as well as to highlight the importance of Colour Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of uterine lesions. Case Presentation: The case is of a 36year old female patient with a 2 years history of amenorrhoea following multiple sessions of dilatation and curettage. She also had chemotherapy due to choriocarcinoma. Pregnancy test was negative. Pelvic ultrasound scan done showed multiple cystic tubular spaces that were hypervascular on colour Doppler interrogation. High velocities and low RI values were recorded. Conclusion: Uterine arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are important rare vascular disorders of the uterine vessels that need to be recognized early on imaging for appropriate management to be instituted.","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139826896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.36349/easjrit.2024.v06i01.002
Sarmad Bahnam, Dhruv Patel
A 16-year-old male presented with abdominal pain over 12 months, that had acutely worsened over the 5 days pre-presentation. Preliminary outpatient investigations revealed thrombocytopaenia 90(platelets per microliter), and a pelvic spleen on abdominal ultrasound. Contrast enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis in the portal venous phase confirmed a pelvic spleen with torsion of the splenic hilum. The spleen appeared hypoechoic on ultrasound. On CT, the spleen had heterogeneous enhancement with some irregularly shaped regions of hypoenhancement. There was a swirl (at least two complete turns) in the splenic vascular pedicle in the left abdomen. The splenic artery demonstrated some enhancement, but no enhancement of the splenic vein. The pancreatic tail was also involved in the torted vascular pedicle. No pancreatic duct dilation, and no infarct of pancreatic parenchyma were found. A small amount of free fluid around the spleen was found with no free gas. The portal vein enhanced normally. Lack of convincing enhancement of the splenic vein and heterogenous appearance of the spleen were suspicious for early splenic ischaemia. Laparotomy revealed an engorged twisted spleen around its pedicles. The spleen was identified in the pelvis with a torted vascular pedicle, which was subsequently detorted and manipulated back into the left upper quadrant (LUQ), with a pre-peritoneal space formed in the LUQ, the spleen was inserted into this pocket.
{"title":"Wandering Spleen with Tortion – A Case Report","authors":"Sarmad Bahnam, Dhruv Patel","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2024.v06i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2024.v06i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"A 16-year-old male presented with abdominal pain over 12 months, that had acutely worsened over the 5 days pre-presentation. Preliminary outpatient investigations revealed thrombocytopaenia 90(platelets per microliter), and a pelvic spleen on abdominal ultrasound. Contrast enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis in the portal venous phase confirmed a pelvic spleen with torsion of the splenic hilum. The spleen appeared hypoechoic on ultrasound. On CT, the spleen had heterogeneous enhancement with some irregularly shaped regions of hypoenhancement. There was a swirl (at least two complete turns) in the splenic vascular pedicle in the left abdomen. The splenic artery demonstrated some enhancement, but no enhancement of the splenic vein. The pancreatic tail was also involved in the torted vascular pedicle. No pancreatic duct dilation, and no infarct of pancreatic parenchyma were found. A small amount of free fluid around the spleen was found with no free gas. The portal vein enhanced normally. Lack of convincing enhancement of the splenic vein and heterogenous appearance of the spleen were suspicious for early splenic ischaemia. Laparotomy revealed an engorged twisted spleen around its pedicles. The spleen was identified in the pelvis with a torted vascular pedicle, which was subsequently detorted and manipulated back into the left upper quadrant (LUQ), with a pre-peritoneal space formed in the LUQ, the spleen was inserted into this pocket.","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140498338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i06.002
M. K, Diaby, S, M. A, D. S, C. B, Kone, M. C, K. O, S. B, K. M, K. D, F. D
We conducted a retrospective and prospective study. In our study, we collected 35 cases of MAR, including 21 boys and 14 girls, over a period of 4 years, from January 2017 to December 2020. We recorded an average of 8.7 cases of ADR per year. They are more frequent in boys, with a sex ratio of 1.5. The majority of our patients came from the Mopti region and were of Dogon ethnicity. Most of the malformations were discovered by the parents, given that 54.3% of the mothers had given birth in a health centre and the malformed children were most often seen in a state of intestinal obstruction or sub-occlusion requiring an emergency colostomy. The diagnosis was made during the systematic examination of the newborn in the delivery room in 8.57% of our patients. Low forms were more frequent (48.6%). Invertograms were performed in 15 patients (42.9%). Abnormalities associated with MAR were dominated by spinal malformations in 4 cases (11.4%). In terms of treatment, the operative techniques used, in order of frequency, were: ASARP 8 cases (30.8%); Pena PSARP 15 cases (57.7%), YV Proctoplasty 2 cases (7.7%) and PENA PSARP plus MOLLARD AP 1 case (3.8%). Average follow-up was 12 months. Four (4) patients (15.4%) were lost to follow-up. Post-operative follow-up was favourable in 17 patients (65.4%); 4 cases of death and 1 case of anal stenosis.
{"title":"Anorectal Malformations: Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Aspects in the General Surgery Department of the Sominé DOLO Hospital of Mopti","authors":"M. K, Diaby, S, M. A, D. S, C. B, Kone, M. C, K. O, S. B, K. M, K. D, F. D","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i06.002","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a retrospective and prospective study. In our study, we collected 35 cases of MAR, including 21 boys and 14 girls, over a period of 4 years, from January 2017 to December 2020. We recorded an average of 8.7 cases of ADR per year. They are more frequent in boys, with a sex ratio of 1.5. The majority of our patients came from the Mopti region and were of Dogon ethnicity. Most of the malformations were discovered by the parents, given that 54.3% of the mothers had given birth in a health centre and the malformed children were most often seen in a state of intestinal obstruction or sub-occlusion requiring an emergency colostomy. The diagnosis was made during the systematic examination of the newborn in the delivery room in 8.57% of our patients. Low forms were more frequent (48.6%). Invertograms were performed in 15 patients (42.9%). Abnormalities associated with MAR were dominated by spinal malformations in 4 cases (11.4%). In terms of treatment, the operative techniques used, in order of frequency, were: ASARP 8 cases (30.8%); Pena PSARP 15 cases (57.7%), YV Proctoplasty 2 cases (7.7%) and PENA PSARP plus MOLLARD AP 1 case (3.8%). Average follow-up was 12 months. Four (4) patients (15.4%) were lost to follow-up. Post-operative follow-up was favourable in 17 patients (65.4%); 4 cases of death and 1 case of anal stenosis.","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"156 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139249492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i06.003
Faleh Alqahtani, Majed Battah Alshammari, Turki Saleh Alduhaim, Najla Awadh Alanazi, Jaber Ali Alshehri, Fatimah Almasoudi, Abdullah M. Alanazi, Ali Al Shahrani, Uttam Kopadre, Nawaf Al Harbi, Yazeed Al Harbi, Waleed Al Moutiri, Mohammed Al Yousef, Ibrahim Al Drim, Abdulrahman Al Harbi, Azzam AlOtaib, Abdulrahman Ayedh dhafer Algarni, Mustafa Mohammed Barnawi
Background: X-ray systems in the cardiac catheterization laboratory are essential to helping and treating patients best. However, they come at the cost of harming the patients and health workers through unnecessary high exposure to radiation particles. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and the radiation doses of the recent Philips imaging systems Azurion Hybrid OR and the older Philips systems Allura Xper FD 10 and Allura clarity FD 10 in the cardiac catheterization laboratories. Method: A descriptive, comparative research design was utilized, 480 procedures were assessed retrospectively, and all met predetermined inclusion criteria from January 2014 until May 2023. Dose area product, Air Kerma, and Fluoroscopy time (Fluro time) were compared between the three Philips systems, which are Allura Xper FD10/10 R 7.2 and Allura Clarity FD10 R8.2 (old system) and Hybrid Azurion new Philips system. Result: Allura clarity FD 10 and Azurion Hybrid OR were superior to Allura Xper FD 10 in Dose Area Product and Air Kerma (p<0.5). However, fluro time was statistically non-significant among the systems. Conclusion: The latest X-ray imaging systems significantly manage Dose Area Product and Air Kerma levels during medical procedures. Employing these advanced technologies in a cardiac catheterization lab can yield optimal outcomes while minimizing radiation exposure for patients and healthcare personnel.
背景：心导管实验室的 X 射线系统对于帮助和治疗病人至关重要。然而，它们的代价是不必要地暴露在大量辐射粒子中，对病人和医务工作者造成伤害。目的：该研究旨在评估和比较最新的飞利浦成像系统 Azurion Hybrid OR 与较早的飞利浦系统 Allura Xper FD 10 和 Allura clarity FD 10 在心导管室中的有效性和辐射剂量。研究方法：采用描述性比较研究设计，回顾性评估了自 2014 年 1 月至 2023 年 5 月期间的 480 例手术，所有手术均符合预先确定的纳入标准。比较了三种飞利浦系统（Allura Xper FD10/10 R 7.2、Allura Clarity FD10 R8.2（旧系统）和 Hybrid Azurion 新飞利浦系统）的剂量面积乘积、气孔和透视时间（Fluuro time）。结果：Allura clarity FD 10 和 Azurion Hybrid OR 在剂量面积乘积和 Air Kerma 方面优于 Allura Xper FD 10（p<0.5）。然而，各系统的闪光时间在统计学上没有显著差异。结论最新的 X 射线成像系统能明显控制医疗过程中的剂量面积积和空气压马水平。在心导管室中采用这些先进技术可以获得最佳治疗效果，同时最大限度地减少对患者和医护人员的辐射照射。
{"title":"Comparison between the Old and New Philips Imaging System in the Cardiac Catheterization","authors":"Faleh Alqahtani, Majed Battah Alshammari, Turki Saleh Alduhaim, Najla Awadh Alanazi, Jaber Ali Alshehri, Fatimah Almasoudi, Abdullah M. Alanazi, Ali Al Shahrani, Uttam Kopadre, Nawaf Al Harbi, Yazeed Al Harbi, Waleed Al Moutiri, Mohammed Al Yousef, Ibrahim Al Drim, Abdulrahman Al Harbi, Azzam AlOtaib, Abdulrahman Ayedh dhafer Algarni, Mustafa Mohammed Barnawi","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: X-ray systems in the cardiac catheterization laboratory are essential to helping and treating patients best. However, they come at the cost of harming the patients and health workers through unnecessary high exposure to radiation particles. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and the radiation doses of the recent Philips imaging systems Azurion Hybrid OR and the older Philips systems Allura Xper FD 10 and Allura clarity FD 10 in the cardiac catheterization laboratories. Method: A descriptive, comparative research design was utilized, 480 procedures were assessed retrospectively, and all met predetermined inclusion criteria from January 2014 until May 2023. Dose area product, Air Kerma, and Fluoroscopy time (Fluro time) were compared between the three Philips systems, which are Allura Xper FD10/10 R 7.2 and Allura Clarity FD10 R8.2 (old system) and Hybrid Azurion new Philips system. Result: Allura clarity FD 10 and Azurion Hybrid OR were superior to Allura Xper FD 10 in Dose Area Product and Air Kerma (p<0.5). However, fluro time was statistically non-significant among the systems. Conclusion: The latest X-ray imaging systems significantly manage Dose Area Product and Air Kerma levels during medical procedures. Employing these advanced technologies in a cardiac catheterization lab can yield optimal outcomes while minimizing radiation exposure for patients and healthcare personnel.","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i06.001
Stefan Kafwimbi, F. Munsanje, J. Sichone, Oliver Sutherland, S. Munsaka
Background: The international commission on radiation protection (ICRP) publican 135 recommends that Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) should be tied to defined technical and patient parameters for the imaging task. Whereas for computed tomography (CT) examinations, DRLs are defined in terms of two established technical parameters namely, Volume-based Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP), a debate has ensued as to whether patient size, age and weight or clinical indication should be used as patient parameters. The objective of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) is to assist in the optimisation of radiation dose to the patients while maintaining diagnostic image quality. It is generally accepted that each country requires having national DRLs to guide the practice of radiography regarding dose optimization as a prerequisite to good radiation protection practice. Objective: This review aimed to establish commonly used approaches to establishing national diagnostic reference levels for computed tomography. Methods: A systematic literature search in databases containing leading journals in radiography, radiology and medical physics was performed aided by the use of carefully selected search terms that relate to CT and DRLs. The literature search was achieved by the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) flow chart. A total of 109 studies were screened out of which 54 were excluded and 55 sought for retrieval. After further assessment for quality, 20 studies were included in this study for review. Key Findings: 95% of the studies in this review used CTDIvol and DLP as technical parameters indicating dose. 70% of the studies reviewed used patient size, age and weight while 30% used clinical indication as patient parameters. 30% of the reviewed articles did indicate that the surveys to establish NDRLs employed a retrospective approach, while 35% employed a prospective approach and 35% did ..
{"title":"Approaches to Establishing National Diagnostic Reference Levels for Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review","authors":"Stefan Kafwimbi, F. Munsanje, J. Sichone, Oliver Sutherland, S. Munsaka","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The international commission on radiation protection (ICRP) publican 135 recommends that Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) should be tied to defined technical and patient parameters for the imaging task. Whereas for computed tomography (CT) examinations, DRLs are defined in terms of two established technical parameters namely, Volume-based Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP), a debate has ensued as to whether patient size, age and weight or clinical indication should be used as patient parameters. The objective of diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) is to assist in the optimisation of radiation dose to the patients while maintaining diagnostic image quality. It is generally accepted that each country requires having national DRLs to guide the practice of radiography regarding dose optimization as a prerequisite to good radiation protection practice. Objective: This review aimed to establish commonly used approaches to establishing national diagnostic reference levels for computed tomography. Methods: A systematic literature search in databases containing leading journals in radiography, radiology and medical physics was performed aided by the use of carefully selected search terms that relate to CT and DRLs. The literature search was achieved by the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) flow chart. A total of 109 studies were screened out of which 54 were excluded and 55 sought for retrieval. After further assessment for quality, 20 studies were included in this study for review. Key Findings: 95% of the studies in this review used CTDIvol and DLP as technical parameters indicating dose. 70% of the studies reviewed used patient size, age and weight while 30% used clinical indication as patient parameters. 30% of the reviewed articles did indicate that the surveys to establish NDRLs employed a retrospective approach, while 35% employed a prospective approach and 35% did ..","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"61 2-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139268516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i04.003
Oliver Sutherland, Stefan Kafwimbi, P. Kaonga, J. Chinyama, O. Bwanga, J. Sichone
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in Zambia. Ultrasound can be a useful tool for early diagnosis of breast cancer based on the breast lesions’ features. However, an overlap in the ultrasound features of malignant and benign breast tumours has been noticed together with a paucity of information on the ultrasound features that are more suggestive of breast cancer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify ultrasound features of suspected breast cancer lesions which may assist in ascertaining a high breast cancer or benign breast disease suspicion index, that may be used to prioritise patients requiring further and urgent management for breast cancer. Methods: Systematic random sampling was used for the selection of participants in this study. The selected patients first underwent an ultrasound scan in the Ultrasound department to obtain the breast lesion ultrasound features. The histology results for the same patients were then obtained from the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) histology laboratory or the histology report filed in the patient’s medical file. Results: Irregular shape of breast lesions, vertical orientation of breast lesions, hypoechogenicity of breast lesions, complex echo pattern of breast lesions, irregular or spiculated margin contours of breast lesions, compression of breast lesion surrounding tissue, absence of hyperechogenic spots in breast lesions and a breast lesion boundary with neither a hyperechoic halo nor thin capsule (None) were found to be associated with breast cancer. No breast lesion showed less than 3 ultrasound features suspicious for breast cancer. Hyperechoic spots in breast lesions were found to be associated with non-cancerous breast lesions. Conclusion: Low-resource countries, such as Zambia, where access to imaging diagnostic equipment such as Mammography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging machines (MRI), and histology examinations are scarce, the preceding ultrasound findings .......
{"title":"Ultrasound Findings of Suspected Breast Cancer Lesions in Females Accessing Breast Ultrasound Services in Selected Hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia","authors":"Oliver Sutherland, Stefan Kafwimbi, P. Kaonga, J. Chinyama, O. Bwanga, J. Sichone","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in Zambia. Ultrasound can be a useful tool for early diagnosis of breast cancer based on the breast lesions’ features. However, an overlap in the ultrasound features of malignant and benign breast tumours has been noticed together with a paucity of information on the ultrasound features that are more suggestive of breast cancer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify ultrasound features of suspected breast cancer lesions which may assist in ascertaining a high breast cancer or benign breast disease suspicion index, that may be used to prioritise patients requiring further and urgent management for breast cancer. Methods: Systematic random sampling was used for the selection of participants in this study. The selected patients first underwent an ultrasound scan in the Ultrasound department to obtain the breast lesion ultrasound features. The histology results for the same patients were then obtained from the University Teaching Hospital (UTH) histology laboratory or the histology report filed in the patient’s medical file. Results: Irregular shape of breast lesions, vertical orientation of breast lesions, hypoechogenicity of breast lesions, complex echo pattern of breast lesions, irregular or spiculated margin contours of breast lesions, compression of breast lesion surrounding tissue, absence of hyperechogenic spots in breast lesions and a breast lesion boundary with neither a hyperechoic halo nor thin capsule (None) were found to be associated with breast cancer. No breast lesion showed less than 3 ultrasound features suspicious for breast cancer. Hyperechoic spots in breast lesions were found to be associated with non-cancerous breast lesions. Conclusion: Low-resource countries, such as Zambia, where access to imaging diagnostic equipment such as Mammography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging machines (MRI), and histology examinations are scarce, the preceding ultrasound findings .......","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121763461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-16DOI: 10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i04.002
I. I, Stephen Ohikhuemei Izevbekhai
Introduction: Ectopia lentis is defined simply as lens displacement which may either be partial or complete. It most commonly results from orbital trauma in over fifty percent (50%) of cases, and majority are unilateral. However, traumatic bilateral ectopia lentis is rare. Hereditary connective tissue diseases may also cause ectopia lentis (usually bilateral). The role of imaging is very crucial in early identification of ocular pathologies following trauma. Ocular sonography, being the cheaper, safer and very readily available modality in most low and middle income countries, becomes handy in the initial imaging work-up of patients with ocular trauma. Objectives: To report a rare case of traumatic bilateral cataractous ectopia lentis in an elderly female patient. To review pertinent literature about this condition. To justify the role of various imaging modalities, and particularly highlight the usefulness of ultrasound for evaluating cases of ocular trauma especially in emergency situations. Case Report: The case of a 75-year old female who had blunt trauma to her eyes, and never sought immediate specialized medical care, but instead chose to patronise a traditional healing home. Her visual impairment gradually deteriorated, necessitating a late presentation for imaging at our private radiodiagnostic facility in Agbor, Nigeria. Imaging using ocular sonography, revealed bilateral displaced cataractous lenses with associated vitreous haemorrhage, necessitating an immediate, but a late referral for specialized care. Conclusion: Emergency ocular sonogram is of utmost importance in cases of acute ocular trauma, as it can help identify ocular pathologies promptly.
{"title":"Ultrasound Diagnosed Traumatic Bilateral Cataractous Ectopia Lentis: A Case Report and Review","authors":"I. I, Stephen Ohikhuemei Izevbekhai","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ectopia lentis is defined simply as lens displacement which may either be partial or complete. It most commonly results from orbital trauma in over fifty percent (50%) of cases, and majority are unilateral. However, traumatic bilateral ectopia lentis is rare. Hereditary connective tissue diseases may also cause ectopia lentis (usually bilateral). The role of imaging is very crucial in early identification of ocular pathologies following trauma. Ocular sonography, being the cheaper, safer and very readily available modality in most low and middle income countries, becomes handy in the initial imaging work-up of patients with ocular trauma. Objectives: To report a rare case of traumatic bilateral cataractous ectopia lentis in an elderly female patient. To review pertinent literature about this condition. To justify the role of various imaging modalities, and particularly highlight the usefulness of ultrasound for evaluating cases of ocular trauma especially in emergency situations. Case Report: The case of a 75-year old female who had blunt trauma to her eyes, and never sought immediate specialized medical care, but instead chose to patronise a traditional healing home. Her visual impairment gradually deteriorated, necessitating a late presentation for imaging at our private radiodiagnostic facility in Agbor, Nigeria. Imaging using ocular sonography, revealed bilateral displaced cataractous lenses with associated vitreous haemorrhage, necessitating an immediate, but a late referral for specialized care. Conclusion: Emergency ocular sonogram is of utmost importance in cases of acute ocular trauma, as it can help identify ocular pathologies promptly.","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126350438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-11DOI: 10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i04.001
B. B, D. O, Traoré Si, K. O, O. S, T. S, D. A, K. S, K. D, F. D, Dramé Bm, M. K, Singuepiré. A, D. T, S. B, Diakite Ml
Congenital cyst of the prepuce in tight phimosis is a rare condition, of which we have found no cases in the literature. The case we report concerns an 8-year-old patient with a large cyst measuring 5 cm long and 3 cm short that had been developing for six years and a very tight phimosis. The clinic was dominated by urinary problems such as burning miction, dysuria, deformation of the penis by the fluctuating penopreputial mass and psychological trauma affecting the parents, who decided to consult for better treatment. After an operative assessment, the patient was scheduled for surgery, which consisted of a cystectomy combined with circumcision, with simple immediate and long-term after-effects.
{"title":"Congenital Cyst of the Prepuce in the Context of Phimosis: A Case Report from a Rural Setting at the Koutiala Referral Health Centre","authors":"B. B, D. O, Traoré Si, K. O, O. S, T. S, D. A, K. S, K. D, F. D, Dramé Bm, M. K, Singuepiré. A, D. T, S. B, Diakite Ml","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital cyst of the prepuce in tight phimosis is a rare condition, of which we have found no cases in the literature. The case we report concerns an 8-year-old patient with a large cyst measuring 5 cm long and 3 cm short that had been developing for six years and a very tight phimosis. The clinic was dominated by urinary problems such as burning miction, dysuria, deformation of the penis by the fluctuating penopreputial mass and psychological trauma affecting the parents, who decided to consult for better treatment. After an operative assessment, the patient was scheduled for surgery, which consisted of a cystectomy combined with circumcision, with simple immediate and long-term after-effects.","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123927267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-17DOI: 10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i03.010
Wasim Awal, J. D. Groot, J. Chan
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Unlike most other cancers, HCC can be diagnosed solely on imaging for high-risk patients. However, this is frequently complicated by atypical or indeterminate features necessitating biopsy or close follow-up with serial imaging. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to allow for more accurate tumour classification and, thus, avoid unnecessary biopsies. Additionally, earlier diagnosis opens up the potential for curative therapies and improves patient outcomes. A number of artificial intelligence models, including machine learning, convolutional neural networks and radiomics-based models have been tested on ultrasound, CT and MRI images of liver lesions. The following review will outline the most impactful papers in this field.
{"title":"Advances in Artificial Intelligence for the Radiological Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Wasim Awal, J. D. Groot, J. Chan","doi":"10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36349/easjrit.2023.v05i03.010","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Unlike most other cancers, HCC can be diagnosed solely on imaging for high-risk patients. However, this is frequently complicated by atypical or indeterminate features necessitating biopsy or close follow-up with serial imaging. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to allow for more accurate tumour classification and, thus, avoid unnecessary biopsies. Additionally, earlier diagnosis opens up the potential for curative therapies and improves patient outcomes. A number of artificial intelligence models, including machine learning, convolutional neural networks and radiomics-based models have been tested on ultrasound, CT and MRI images of liver lesions. The following review will outline the most impactful papers in this field.","PeriodicalId":429686,"journal":{"name":"EAS Journal of Radiology and Imaging Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126385341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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