Environmental Management Systems (EMS) defining a list of requirements that can help organizations to improve their environmental performance. The most common well-known standards are ISO 14001 and EMAS, which both are in a voluntary base. Beside the National Legislation in Cyprus (N.761/2001) there is no any relief document that introduced EMAS Regulation (EC) N. 1221/2009. However, there is an increasing pressure on firms, from a number of different sources (i.e. global market requirements, legislative indirect pressure, customer’s satisfaction etc.), to engage in environmental management initiatives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incentives as well as the difficulties that Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which are located in Cyprus and other European countries (i.e. Italy, Chez Republic and Slovenia) that are facing during the implementation of EMS. The preliminary results indicated that in the case of Cyprus, there are not any specific regulatory reliefs besides some funding programs to convince SMEs to implement and maintain EMAS as well as ISO 14001. On the other hand, in several EU countries there are some more solids measures to encourage SMEs to adopt EMAS.
环境管理体系(EMS)定义了一系列帮助组织改进其环境绩效的要求。最常见的知名标准是ISO 14001和EMAS，这两个标准都是自愿性的。除了塞浦路斯国家立法(N.761/2001)外，没有任何救济文件引入EMAS法规(EC) N. 1221/2009。然而，来自许多不同来源(即全球市场需求、立法间接压力、顾客满意度等)的企业越来越大的压力促使它们采取环境管理措施。本研究的目的是评估塞浦路斯和其他欧洲国家(即意大利、捷克共和国和斯洛文尼亚)的中小型企业(SMEs)在实施环境管理体系期间所面临的激励措施和困难。初步结果表明，在塞浦路斯的情况下，除了一些资助计划来说服中小企业实施和维护EMAS以及ISO 14001之外，没有任何具体的监管救济。另一方面，在一些欧盟国家，有一些更坚实的措施来鼓励中小企业采用EMAS。
{"title":"Boosting Regulations Legislation Reliefs Regarding Environmental Management Systems in the Framework of EMAS and ISO 14001: Case Study of Cyprus","authors":"Loizia Pantelitsa, Voukkali Irene, A. Zorpas","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.17.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.17.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental Management Systems (EMS) defining a list of requirements that can help organizations to improve their environmental performance. The most common well-known standards are ISO 14001 and EMAS, which both are in a voluntary base. Beside the National Legislation in Cyprus (N.761/2001) there is no any relief document that introduced EMAS Regulation (EC) N. 1221/2009. However, there is an increasing pressure on firms, from a number of different sources (i.e. global market requirements, legislative indirect pressure, customer’s satisfaction etc.), to engage in environmental management initiatives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incentives as well as the difficulties that Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which are located in Cyprus and other European countries (i.e. Italy, Chez Republic and Slovenia) that are facing during the implementation of EMS. The preliminary results indicated that in the case of Cyprus, there are not any specific regulatory reliefs besides some funding programs to convince SMEs to implement and maintain EMAS as well as ISO 14001. On the other hand, in several EU countries there are some more solids measures to encourage SMEs to adopt EMAS.","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115787547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water-Based Nanofluids for Natural Convection Cooling of a Pair of Symmetrical Heated Blocks Placed Inside a Rectangular Enclosure of Aspect Ratio Two","authors":"A. Campo, N. B. Cheikh, A. Riahi","doi":"10.5383/IJTEE.16.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/IJTEE.16.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125575478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seonghoon Kim, Ilan Stern, Junan Shen, M. Ahad, Yong Bai, Ahmad Safayet
The concept of utilizing networks of roads and highways for generating electricity has recently gained considerable attention; advances in the nanotechnology industry offer new opportunities for large-scale improvements in energy efficiency and energy production. In this field, Piezoelectric (PZ) energy harvesting technology has significant advantages over other renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal. For example, the embedded roadway system produces little to no infrastructural footprint, and its energy generation span, on a busy highway, can continuously produce energy. However, current low-scale PZ manufacturing methods, and the lack of road-integrated PZ R&D, decrease the cost-effectiveness of this technology and may impact the mainstream adoption of piezoelectric systems. The primary objective of this project was to evaluate the technical feasibility of incorporating piezoelectric systems into roadways. The collaborative research team developed a lab-based Roadway Energy Harvesting System (REHS) using construction and piezoelectric (PZ) materials. The scope of the research project included investigation of the energy harvesting method, preparation of equipment and materials, durability tests of PZ materials and fabricating asphalt and concrete sections for structural and electrical testing. Structural and electrical characterization was completed by measuring the voltage generated in the sections, during a loaded wheel test (LWT), using an Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA.) Collected data and various plots developed using Matlab® revealed that deformation in asphalt was correlated to the produced electrical signal. The research results indicated that flexible roadway materials can produce more energy than rigid material such as typical concrete and Engineering Cementitious Concrete (ECC). Similarly, since typical concrete produced higher values than ECC, the magnitude of energy may be more related to strength and density than elasticity, especially in rigid material. Currently, the research team is developing a wafer box coupled with the pavement materials using a 3D printer on with CAD design. The results of this research project will contribute to the possibility of self-supporting energygenerating capacity for highways, for roadway sustainability.
{"title":"Energy Harvesting Assessment Using PZT Sensors and Roadway Materials","authors":"Seonghoon Kim, Ilan Stern, Junan Shen, M. Ahad, Yong Bai, Ahmad Safayet","doi":"10.5383/IJTEE.16.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/IJTEE.16.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of utilizing networks of roads and highways for generating electricity has recently gained considerable attention; advances in the nanotechnology industry offer new opportunities for large-scale improvements in energy efficiency and energy production. In this field, Piezoelectric (PZ) energy harvesting technology has significant advantages over other renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal. For example, the embedded roadway system produces little to no infrastructural footprint, and its energy generation span, on a busy highway, can continuously produce energy. However, current low-scale PZ manufacturing methods, and the lack of road-integrated PZ R&D, decrease the cost-effectiveness of this technology and may impact the mainstream adoption of piezoelectric systems. The primary objective of this project was to evaluate the technical feasibility of incorporating piezoelectric systems into roadways. The collaborative research team developed a lab-based Roadway Energy Harvesting System (REHS) using construction and piezoelectric (PZ) materials. The scope of the research project included investigation of the energy harvesting method, preparation of equipment and materials, durability tests of PZ materials and fabricating asphalt and concrete sections for structural and electrical testing. Structural and electrical characterization was completed by measuring the voltage generated in the sections, during a loaded wheel test (LWT), using an Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA.) Collected data and various plots developed using Matlab® revealed that deformation in asphalt was correlated to the produced electrical signal. The research results indicated that flexible roadway materials can produce more energy than rigid material such as typical concrete and Engineering Cementitious Concrete (ECC). Similarly, since typical concrete produced higher values than ECC, the magnitude of energy may be more related to strength and density than elasticity, especially in rigid material. Currently, the research team is developing a wafer box coupled with the pavement materials using a 3D printer on with CAD design. The results of this research project will contribute to the possibility of self-supporting energygenerating capacity for highways, for roadway sustainability.","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"8 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114131074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriana Vargas-Martínez, Domingo Martinez-Cevada, Carlos Gloria-Steele, J. Lozoya-Santos
{"title":"Development of a Battery System for an Electric Quarter of Vehicle","authors":"Adriana Vargas-Martínez, Domingo Martinez-Cevada, Carlos Gloria-Steele, J. Lozoya-Santos","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.16.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.16.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115472569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the redesign of a burner mixing head that used on High Static Gas burner (HSG) product to mix the gas and air mixture before it is ignited. This burner operates in firing range of 60,000-400,000 Btu/hr. The objective of redesigning the burner mixing head is to improve the overall performance of the HSG burner. This design project deals with the mixing head of a powered gas burner utilizing both natural and propane gases. The mixing head’s function in a powered gas burner is to initiate the fuel gas into an air stream. The redesigned burner mixing head increases combustion efficiency by 3% compared to the original burner head. This new burner mixing head operates within a wider range of excess air of 5% on both the lean and rich side while still igniting reliably and keeping the CO levels under 400 ppm. The redesigned burner mixing head design meets all the criteria of the American National Standards Institute ANSI Z21.17 standard for domestic gas conversion burners. The redesigned burner mixing head was machined out of 304 stainless steel which makes the burner head have corrosion resistant properties this includes using corrosion resistant fasteners.
{"title":"Redesign, Development and Construction of Powered Burner Head","authors":"H. Abu-Mulaweh, Donald W. Mueller","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.16.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.16.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the redesign of a burner mixing head that used on High Static Gas burner (HSG) product to mix the gas and air mixture before it is ignited. This burner operates in firing range of 60,000-400,000 Btu/hr. The objective of redesigning the burner mixing head is to improve the overall performance of the HSG burner. This design project deals with the mixing head of a powered gas burner utilizing both natural and propane gases. The mixing head’s function in a powered gas burner is to initiate the fuel gas into an air stream. The redesigned burner mixing head increases combustion efficiency by 3% compared to the original burner head. This new burner mixing head operates within a wider range of excess air of 5% on both the lean and rich side while still igniting reliably and keeping the CO levels under 400 ppm. The redesigned burner mixing head design meets all the criteria of the American National Standards Institute ANSI Z21.17 standard for domestic gas conversion burners. The redesigned burner mixing head was machined out of 304 stainless steel which makes the burner head have corrosion resistant properties this includes using corrosion resistant fasteners.","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126292215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Lozoya-Santos, J. Torres, Adán Sáenz Herrera, Julio C. Salinas-Maldonado, Eduardo Mariscal Hay, Adriana Vargas-Martínez
{"title":"Study of an Electric Energy Generation System from Exhaust Waste Recovery from an Internal Combustion Engine","authors":"J. Lozoya-Santos, J. Torres, Adán Sáenz Herrera, Julio C. Salinas-Maldonado, Eduardo Mariscal Hay, Adriana Vargas-Martínez","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.16.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.16.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117230710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Faults Monitoring System in the Electric Power Grid with Scalability to Detect Natural/Environmental Catastrophes","authors":"Eduardo F. Ferreira, J. Barros","doi":"10.5383/IJTEE.16.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/IJTEE.16.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122143513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Carroll, Lucy C Cradden, Mícheál Ó hÉigeartaigha
We present high resolution wind power statistical models fitted to meteorological data for the island of Ireland. We find that a discrete Burr model efficiently represents the number of consecutive hours of wind power availability. Burr models are also useful to model the complement of the wind power availability events, wind droughts, when wind speed is insufficient to produce wind power. The models developed in this study may be most useful at time resolutions less than 6 hours to capture zero power and short bursts of wind power potential. They could serve as a useful complement to other wind power modelling approaches such as MERRA reanalysis models. Wind power duration models, and their wind drought complements, also provide insights for investors on potential wind power availability at geographic locations.
{"title":"High Resolution Wind Power and Wind Drought Models","authors":"Paula Carroll, Lucy C Cradden, Mícheál Ó hÉigeartaigha","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.16.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.16.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"We present high resolution wind power statistical models fitted to meteorological data for the island of Ireland. We find that a discrete Burr model efficiently represents the number of consecutive hours of wind power availability. Burr models are also useful to model the complement of the wind power availability events, wind droughts, when wind speed is insufficient to produce wind power. The models developed in this study may be most useful at time resolutions less than 6 hours to capture zero power and short bursts of wind power potential. They could serve as a useful complement to other wind power modelling approaches such as MERRA reanalysis models. Wind power duration models, and their wind drought complements, also provide insights for investors on potential wind power availability at geographic locations.","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128186824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Solar Pond Design and Development for Masdar City Environment","authors":"I. Janajreh, K. Kadi","doi":"10.5383/ijtee.16.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/ijtee.16.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130766305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Development of the automotive industry not only facilitated our daily lives, but also introduced environmental stress. The automotive industry consists of both the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and a great variety of suppliers that support this industry. Most of the published studies focus on the environmental impacts of the OEMs; the impacts of suppliers were generally neglected. The objective of this study was to evaluate the types and amounts of solid and hazardous wastes generated by the automotive industry especially in relation to the supplier companies supporting the automotive manufacturers in Turkey. A survey was conducted with representative numbers of automotive manufacturers and suppliers located in Bursa, Turkey to obtain data on resource usage, waste types, and waste amounts generated. One hundred and five different parts of an automobile were examined in the framework of the study. Interviews were also conducted with the suppliers about the details on each item produced. Resource usage, solid and hazardous waste generation during the production of each component of an automobile were calculated. The environmental burden of the automotive industry in Turkey was roughly calculated in terms of waste generation and resource usage based on energy and water. It was seen that of the items constituting an automobile, which are provided by the suppliers, 47% is made of plastics, 31% is made of textile, and 21% is made of metals. The amounts of water and electricity used for all the items by the suppliers were found as 0.60 m3/vehicle and 190 kWh/vehicle, respectively. Water and electricity usage by OEMs were 3.47 m3/vehicle and 1763 kWh/vehicle, respectively. Solid and hazardous waste generated by OEMs were found as 48.97 kg/vehicle and 7.04 kg/vehicle, respectively, and by suppliers were 5.71 kg/vehicle and 0.6 kg/vehicle, respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Solid and Hazardous Wastes Generated by the Automotive Industry in Turkey","authors":"G. Salihoglu, B. Erdogan, G. Salihoğlu","doi":"10.5383/IJTEE.16.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5383/IJTEE.16.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the automotive industry not only facilitated our daily lives, but also introduced environmental stress. The automotive industry consists of both the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), and a great variety of suppliers that support this industry. Most of the published studies focus on the environmental impacts of the OEMs; the impacts of suppliers were generally neglected. The objective of this study was to evaluate the types and amounts of solid and hazardous wastes generated by the automotive industry especially in relation to the supplier companies supporting the automotive manufacturers in Turkey. A survey was conducted with representative numbers of automotive manufacturers and suppliers located in Bursa, Turkey to obtain data on resource usage, waste types, and waste amounts generated. One hundred and five different parts of an automobile were examined in the framework of the study. Interviews were also conducted with the suppliers about the details on each item produced. Resource usage, solid and hazardous waste generation during the production of each component of an automobile were calculated. The environmental burden of the automotive industry in Turkey was roughly calculated in terms of waste generation and resource usage based on energy and water. It was seen that of the items constituting an automobile, which are provided by the suppliers, 47% is made of plastics, 31% is made of textile, and 21% is made of metals. The amounts of water and electricity used for all the items by the suppliers were found as 0.60 m3/vehicle and 190 kWh/vehicle, respectively. Water and electricity usage by OEMs were 3.47 m3/vehicle and 1763 kWh/vehicle, respectively. Solid and hazardous waste generated by OEMs were found as 48.97 kg/vehicle and 7.04 kg/vehicle, respectively, and by suppliers were 5.71 kg/vehicle and 0.6 kg/vehicle, respectively.","PeriodicalId":429709,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123337067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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