Ummu Tukur, AI Umar, Yusuf Sarkingobir, Ahmad Zayyanu
There is current rise in use of herbal stuffs for medicinal purposes due to accessibility, cheapness, and other reasons. But information about their contents is limited and therefore it is imperative to unveil it. The objective of this work was to carry out determination of phytochemicals, and proximate compositions of the selected herbal snuffs in Sokoto, Nigeria.The three different herbal snuffs namely, Hajiya Aisha, Hajiya safiya, and Dr Lambo were purchased from Sokoto market, Sokoto City, Sokoto State, Nigeria. The determination of phytochemicals, and proximate compositions was performed by the methods of Association of Analytical Chemists. Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides steroids, and terpenoids were determined. In terms of ash, the range determined is 23.00 ± 0.05 to 25.00±0.1 %. The lipid assessed was 9.10 ± 0.5 to 13.00 ± 0.05 %. 5.00 ± 0.3 to 8.20± 0.02 % was the range of protein determined. Fibre values of 6.60 ± 0.02 to 10.10± 0.5 % were reveled and 41.00 ± 0.1 to 48.10 ± 0.5 % is the range of carbohydrate assessed in the snuffs. Nevertheless, owing to the nutritional proximate values, and medicinally useful phytochemicals determined in these snuffs (Dr Lambo, Hajiya Aisha, and Hajiya Safiya) selected from sokoto, Nigeria; the snuffs are of benefits to the users in that regards. However, other scientific quality measurement studies should be done to ascertain the safety of the snuffs on human subjects.
{"title":"Assessment of Proximate and Phytochemical contents of Some Herbal Snuffs Sold in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Ummu Tukur, AI Umar, Yusuf Sarkingobir, Ahmad Zayyanu","doi":"10.19184/icl.v2i1.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19184/icl.v2i1.344","url":null,"abstract":"There is current rise in use of herbal stuffs for medicinal purposes due to accessibility, cheapness, and other reasons. But information about their contents is limited and therefore it is imperative to unveil it. The objective of this work was to carry out determination of phytochemicals, and proximate compositions of the selected herbal snuffs in Sokoto, Nigeria.The three different herbal snuffs namely, Hajiya Aisha, Hajiya safiya, and Dr Lambo were purchased from Sokoto market, Sokoto City, Sokoto State, Nigeria. The determination of phytochemicals, and proximate compositions was performed by the methods of Association of Analytical Chemists. Alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides steroids, and terpenoids were determined. In terms of ash, the range determined is 23.00 ± 0.05 to 25.00±0.1 %. The lipid assessed was 9.10 ± 0.5 to 13.00 ± 0.05 %. 5.00 ± 0.3 to 8.20± 0.02 % was the range of protein determined. Fibre values of 6.60 ± 0.02 to 10.10± 0.5 % were reveled and 41.00 ± 0.1 to 48.10 ± 0.5 % is the range of carbohydrate assessed in the snuffs. Nevertheless, owing to the nutritional proximate values, and medicinally useful phytochemicals determined in these snuffs (Dr Lambo, Hajiya Aisha, and Hajiya Safiya) selected from sokoto, Nigeria; the snuffs are of benefits to the users in that regards. However, other scientific quality measurement studies should be done to ascertain the safety of the snuffs on human subjects.","PeriodicalId":429869,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Chimica Letters","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128224365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eldiani Aulia, A. Sjaifullah, Wuryanti Handayani, Busroni, I. Oktavianawati, Muhammad Reza
Chicken intestine is a part of internal organs, which are rich in protein and protease enzymes. The protease enzyme could self-degrade (autolytic degradation process) proteins in the chicken intestine at an appropriate pH and incubation time. This process produces a shorter chain polypeptide having a higher solubility protein called protein hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates have shown a good impact in foods and health applications. In this study, the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine was carried out to obtain protein hydrolysates. The effect of pH and incubation time on the dissolved nitrogen (%N) and protein content ([protein]) in hydrolysate from the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine explained in this paper. The incubation pH used in this study was 2.5, 3.5, 5.5., and 6.3 while the the incubation time was 0, 6, 12, and 18 h. Chicken intestine was incubated for 18 h at several different pHs, and the % N and protein content were determined by using Formol titration and Bradford methods, respectively, within 6 h intervals. It was obtained the % N and [protein] content increase at pH 2.5 and 3.5 during 18 h of incubation time and they were decreased at a higher pH. The optimum % N and [protein] content were 5.98±0.51 % and 25.3±0.04 mg mL-1, respectively, obtained at pH of 2.5 during 18 h incubation time.
{"title":"Effect of pH and Incubation Time on Dissolved Nitrogen During Autolityc Degradation of Chicken Intestine","authors":"Eldiani Aulia, A. Sjaifullah, Wuryanti Handayani, Busroni, I. Oktavianawati, Muhammad Reza","doi":"10.19184/icl.v2i1.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19184/icl.v2i1.372","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken intestine is a part of internal organs, which are rich in protein and protease enzymes. The protease enzyme could self-degrade (autolytic degradation process) proteins in the chicken intestine at an appropriate pH and incubation time. This process produces a shorter chain polypeptide having a higher solubility protein called protein hydrolysates. Protein hydrolysates have shown a good impact in foods and health applications. In this study, the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine was carried out to obtain protein hydrolysates. The effect of pH and incubation time on the dissolved nitrogen (%N) and protein content ([protein]) in hydrolysate from the autolytic degradation of chicken intestine explained in this paper. The incubation pH used in this study was 2.5, 3.5, 5.5., and 6.3 while the the incubation time was 0, 6, 12, and 18 h. Chicken intestine was incubated for 18 h at several different pHs, and the % N and protein content were determined by using Formol titration and Bradford methods, respectively, within 6 h intervals. It was obtained the % N and [protein] content increase at pH 2.5 and 3.5 during 18 h of incubation time and they were decreased at a higher pH. The optimum % N and [protein] content were 5.98±0.51 % and 25.3±0.04 mg mL-1, respectively, obtained at pH of 2.5 during 18 h incubation time.","PeriodicalId":429869,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Chimica Letters","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116501449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wuryanti Handayani, Leyla Novita Brigiyanti, Sudarko, Anak Agung Istri Ratnadewi
Uricase enzyme (urate oxidase) is an enzyme that catalyze the oxidation of uric acid in the presence of oxygen to produce allantoin, carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Human and primates do not have this enzyme while other mammals have it in the liver therefore the uricase enzymes are extracted from goat liver use a buffer that is compatible with the human buffer system. The type of buffer selected adjusted at the appropriate pH. The optimum uricase pH ranged from 7.5 to 9.5. The selection of buffer type is adjusted to the human buffer system. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the type and pH of the extraction buffer on the total activity, protein total and specific activity of crude uricase. The types of buffer selected are phosphate buffer and carbonate buffer, while the selected pH is 7.5; 8.5; and 9.5. The method used is enzyme extraction, then determination of enzyme activity and protein content to determine the specific activity of the enzyme. The results obtained the highest total enzyme activity at pH 8.5 both in carbonate buffer (0.0481 U/mL) and phosphate buffer (0.0383 U/mL). The highest protein total in carbonate buffer was at pH 9.5 (4.55 mg/mL) while the highest value was in phosphate buffer pH 8.5 (4.1 mg/mL). The specific activity of uricase pH 8.5 was carbonate buffer (0.0114 U/mg) and phosphate buffer (0.0094 U/mg). The highest uricase specific activity value was at pH 8.5 for both carbonate and phosphate buffer types and in the long term it is used as a gout therapy.
{"title":"Optimum pH Buffer of Phosphate and Carbonate on The Crude Extraction of Uricase Enzyme from Goat Liver","authors":"Wuryanti Handayani, Leyla Novita Brigiyanti, Sudarko, Anak Agung Istri Ratnadewi","doi":"10.19184/icl.v2i1.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19184/icl.v2i1.365","url":null,"abstract":"Uricase enzyme (urate oxidase) is an enzyme that catalyze the oxidation of uric acid in the presence of oxygen to produce allantoin, carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Human and primates do not have this enzyme while other mammals have it in the liver therefore the uricase enzymes are extracted from goat liver use a buffer that is compatible with the human buffer system. The type of buffer selected adjusted at the appropriate pH. The optimum uricase pH ranged from 7.5 to 9.5. The selection of buffer type is adjusted to the human buffer system. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the type and pH of the extraction buffer on the total activity, protein total and specific activity of crude uricase. The types of buffer selected are phosphate buffer and carbonate buffer, while the selected pH is 7.5; 8.5; and 9.5. The method used is enzyme extraction, then determination of enzyme activity and protein content to determine the specific activity of the enzyme. The results obtained the highest total enzyme activity at pH 8.5 both in carbonate buffer (0.0481 U/mL) and phosphate buffer (0.0383 U/mL). The highest protein total in carbonate buffer was at pH 9.5 (4.55 mg/mL) while the highest value was in phosphate buffer pH 8.5 (4.1 mg/mL). The specific activity of uricase pH 8.5 was carbonate buffer (0.0114 U/mg) and phosphate buffer (0.0094 U/mg). The highest uricase specific activity value was at pH 8.5 for both carbonate and phosphate buffer types and in the long term it is used as a gout therapy.","PeriodicalId":429869,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Chimica Letters","volume":"117 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130519470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Indarti, Henry Adi Syahputra Sidabutar, Wuryanti Handayani, B. Piluharto
The aim of this research is to study influence of ethanol concentrations in coagulation bath to charecteristic of physical properties and polysulfone membrane performance. Ethanol concentrations that used is 0; 40; 50; 60 ; 70; 80; 90 %. Process of making for polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane is prepared with phase inversion technique. Polysulfone membrane is made from polysulfone solved in N,N- dimetilacetamida (DMAc) and additive poly(ethylene glikol) (PEG) 600 in proportion 18 %: 77 %: 5 %. The result showed that increasing ethanol concentrations causes the increasing of density and increase concentrations from 0 - 50 % causes increasing swelling degree, but decreasing swelling degree from concentrations 60 - 90 %. However influence of ethanol concentration in coagulation bath to membrane performance is increasing of water flux, permeability coefficient, and rejection coefficient to dextran. It based on of result that polysulfone membrane with ethanol concentrations 80 dan 90 % included membrane classification ultrafiltration by rejection coefficient value above 90 %.
{"title":"Characterization of Polysulfone Membrane with Variation of Ethanol Concentrations in Coagulation Bath for Ultrafiltration Membrane","authors":"D. Indarti, Henry Adi Syahputra Sidabutar, Wuryanti Handayani, B. Piluharto","doi":"10.19184/icl.v2i1.366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19184/icl.v2i1.366","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to study influence of ethanol concentrations in coagulation bath to charecteristic of physical properties and polysulfone membrane performance. Ethanol concentrations that used is 0; 40; 50; 60 ; 70; 80; 90 %. Process of making for polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane is prepared with phase inversion technique. Polysulfone membrane is made from polysulfone solved in N,N- dimetilacetamida (DMAc) and additive poly(ethylene glikol) (PEG) 600 in proportion 18 %: 77 %: 5 %. The result showed that increasing ethanol concentrations causes the increasing of density and increase concentrations from 0 - 50 % causes increasing swelling degree, but decreasing swelling degree from concentrations 60 - 90 %. However influence of ethanol concentration in coagulation bath to membrane performance is increasing of water flux, permeability coefficient, and rejection coefficient to dextran. It based on of result that polysulfone membrane with ethanol concentrations 80 dan 90 % included membrane classification ultrafiltration by rejection coefficient value above 90 %.","PeriodicalId":429869,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Chimica Letters","volume":"46 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121006678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Furqonul Hakin Al Hadi, Tanti Haryati, Novita Andarini, Suwardiyanto, Yudi Aris Sulistiyo
High potency of Indonesian iron sand can be optimized by transforming to valuable iron oxide product namely Hematite (α-Fe2O3). Hydrothermal synthesis was carried out to transform iron oxide phase to hematite that can be analyzed by x-ray diffraction method. Utilization of ion sand as raw material produced multyphase in product reaction, while the usage of Fe(OH)x that extracted from iron sand attained high purity of hematite. The best conditions of reaction were at 160 oC for 24 h. Higher temperature and longer time reaction transformed α- α-Fe2O3 to be γ-Al2O3 and Fe3O4 as more stable phase.
{"title":"Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) from Indonesia Iron Sand","authors":"Furqonul Hakin Al Hadi, Tanti Haryati, Novita Andarini, Suwardiyanto, Yudi Aris Sulistiyo","doi":"10.19184/icl.v2i1.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19184/icl.v2i1.367","url":null,"abstract":"High potency of Indonesian iron sand can be optimized by transforming to valuable iron oxide product namely Hematite (α-Fe2O3). Hydrothermal synthesis was carried out to transform iron oxide phase to hematite that can be analyzed by x-ray diffraction method. Utilization of ion sand as raw material produced multyphase in product reaction, while the usage of Fe(OH)x that extracted from iron sand attained high purity of hematite. The best conditions of reaction were at 160 oC for 24 h. Higher temperature and longer time reaction transformed α- α-Fe2O3 to be γ-Al2O3 and Fe3O4 as more stable phase.","PeriodicalId":429869,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Chimica Letters","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126477470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sjaifullah, Beny Akhmat Saputra, I. N. Adiwinata, A. Santoso, Busroni, Muhammad Reza
This study aims to synthesize a hydrogel zeolite composite of arrowroot starch graft copolymerized with acrylic acid through a radical polymerization reaction in a water. Various scenarios were tested using different natural zeolite concentration to determine the impact on swelling/water absorption of the composite. The resulting product was a solid gel-the test results showed that the swelling increased as the ratio of starch to acrylic acid decreased. Increased starch concentrations generally lead to decreased water absorption (swelling capacity). Adding a zeolite improved swelling to some extent and the optimum zeolite concentration was 60%. The increased concentration of zeolite also hardened the hydrogel composite. The highest swelling in the hydrogel composite of starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/zeolite 60% is 1056.25 g.g-1. FTIR analysis of functional groups was conducted to determine differences in the IR spectra of arrowroot starch, acrylic acid, hydrogels, zeolites, and composite hydrogel. Si-O signal appearing on the IR spectra of hydrogel composite with wave number 1030 cm-1 indicates that composite hydrogel with zeolite was synthesized
{"title":"Effect of Zeolite Concentration on Hydrogel Characteristics of Arrowroot-Based Starch-G-Poly(Acrylic Acid)/Zeolite Composite","authors":"A. Sjaifullah, Beny Akhmat Saputra, I. N. Adiwinata, A. Santoso, Busroni, Muhammad Reza","doi":"10.19184/icl.v1i2.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19184/icl.v1i2.201","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to synthesize a hydrogel zeolite composite of arrowroot starch graft copolymerized with acrylic acid through a radical polymerization reaction in a water. Various scenarios were tested using different natural zeolite concentration to determine the impact on swelling/water absorption of the composite. The resulting product was a solid gel-the test results showed that the swelling increased as the ratio of starch to acrylic acid decreased. Increased starch concentrations generally lead to decreased water absorption (swelling capacity). Adding a zeolite improved swelling to some extent and the optimum zeolite concentration was 60%. The increased concentration of zeolite also hardened the hydrogel composite. The highest swelling in the hydrogel composite of starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/zeolite 60% is 1056.25 g.g-1. FTIR analysis of functional groups was conducted to determine differences in the IR spectra of arrowroot starch, acrylic acid, hydrogels, zeolites, and composite hydrogel. Si-O signal appearing on the IR spectra of hydrogel composite with wave number 1030 cm-1 indicates that composite hydrogel with zeolite was synthesized","PeriodicalId":429869,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Chimica Letters","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116493504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yudi Aris Sulistiyo, Wilda Kamila, Novita Andarini, S. Suwardiyanto, G. Sunnardianto, T. Haryati
Transformation phase TiO2 Rutile was conducted to improve the photocatalytic activity. This study evaluated the transformation phase of TiO2 rutil using solid state rection method and tested for gycerol conversion reaction. a semiconductor material that can be applied for glycerol conversion. The solid state reaction using a mixture of TiO2 Rutile and sodium titanate in mole rasio 1:4 that was heated in 750 oC. XRD analysis evaluated the transformation phase of the solid state reaction product, while band gap energi was calculated following UV-Vis diffuse reflectance data. The photoactivity of glycerol was exposed by UV-Light in various time (5, 10, 15 h) that of the liquid product was analyzed by gas chromatography. Solid state reaction transformed TiO2 rutil to polymorph structure (TiO2 rutile, TiO2 anatase, and sodium titanate Na4O12Ti5). The band gap energy of the product was 3.2 eV. The optimum photocatalytic activity was 62.7% in glycerol concentration 0.25 M for 15 h time reaction.
{"title":"Solid State Transformation of TiO2 Rutile and its Photocatalytic Activity","authors":"Yudi Aris Sulistiyo, Wilda Kamila, Novita Andarini, S. Suwardiyanto, G. Sunnardianto, T. Haryati","doi":"10.19184/icl.v1i2.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19184/icl.v1i2.205","url":null,"abstract":"Transformation phase TiO2 Rutile was conducted to improve the photocatalytic activity. This study evaluated the transformation phase of TiO2 rutil using solid state rection method and tested for gycerol conversion reaction. a semiconductor material that can be applied for glycerol conversion. The solid state reaction using a mixture of TiO2 Rutile and sodium titanate in mole rasio 1:4 that was heated in 750 oC. XRD analysis evaluated the transformation phase of the solid state reaction product, while band gap energi was calculated following UV-Vis diffuse reflectance data. The photoactivity of glycerol was exposed by UV-Light in various time (5, 10, 15 h) that of the liquid product was analyzed by gas chromatography. Solid state reaction transformed TiO2 rutil to polymorph structure (TiO2 rutile, TiO2 anatase, and sodium titanate Na4O12Ti5). The band gap energy of the product was 3.2 eV. The optimum photocatalytic activity was 62.7% in glycerol concentration 0.25 M for 15 h time reaction.","PeriodicalId":429869,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Chimica Letters","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132937862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study has demonstrated the HPLC method for identification and determination a and b-acids in Columbus hops. the measurement conditions has been set up included the use of Reverse phase C18 column Chromolith, gradient elution with methanol (A) and Acetonitril acidified with phosphate buffer at pH 2.8. While the flow rate has been applied of 0.8 mL/min, and it is run for 25 minutes. The separation of standard and sample has been monitored using UV variable detector in the rang of 300-340 nm. Pretreatment sample has been done using SPE with the cartridge of C18 similar to the analyte column. The results found that a four predominant peaks for α and β-acids, namely cohumulone (6.6 min), the second peak represents a mixture of humulone and adhumulone (8.9 min), the third peak is colupulone (15.9 min) and the fourth is a mixture of lupulone and adlupulone (16.7 min). The quantity of sample has been determined according to multipoint calibration using ICE2 standard, the sample found are 0,209 g/L cohumulone, 1.087 g/L of humulone and adhumulone, 0,349 g/L of Colupulone and 0.630 g/L of mixture of lupulone and adlupulone. In addition it is high precision measurement that is indicated by the value of RSD less than 1%.
{"title":"Identification and determination α and β-acids from Columbus hops using Reverse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Z. Zulfikar, L. Antje","doi":"10.19184/icl.v1i2.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19184/icl.v1i2.206","url":null,"abstract":"The present study has demonstrated the HPLC method for identification and determination a and b-acids in Columbus hops. the measurement conditions has been set up included the use of Reverse phase C18 column Chromolith, gradient elution with methanol (A) and Acetonitril acidified with phosphate buffer at pH 2.8. While the flow rate has been applied of 0.8 mL/min, and it is run for 25 minutes. The separation of standard and sample has been monitored using UV variable detector in the rang of 300-340 nm. Pretreatment sample has been done using SPE with the cartridge of C18 similar to the analyte column. The results found that a four predominant peaks for α and β-acids, namely cohumulone (6.6 min), the second peak represents a mixture of humulone and adhumulone (8.9 min), the third peak is colupulone (15.9 min) and the fourth is a mixture of lupulone and adlupulone (16.7 min). The quantity of sample has been determined according to multipoint calibration using ICE2 standard, the sample found are 0,209 g/L cohumulone, 1.087 g/L of humulone and adhumulone, 0,349 g/L of Colupulone and 0.630 g/L of mixture of lupulone and adlupulone. In addition it is high precision measurement that is indicated by the value of RSD less than 1%.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":429869,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Chimica Letters","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127511922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wuryanti Handayani, Esti Utarti, Riki Juni Krismiadi, AA. Istri Ratnadewi
The human body does not have an enzyme that can break down uric acid, so the accumulation of uric acid can cause disease. This problem can be overcome by uricolytic therapy by utilizing the activity of the uricase enzyme. In this study, the uricase enzyme was extracted from goat liver by optimizing the centrifugation speed and the extraction pH. The purpose of the optimization is to get maximum uricase activity. Uricase extraction to optimize centrifugation speed using borate buffer pH 8.5 then centrifuged at 7.000; 9.000; 11.000; 13.000 and 15.000 rpm with a temperature of 4oC. Furthermore, pH optimization was carried out using pH buffers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 by centrifuging the optimum speed obtained. The crude extract obtained was further tested for its enzyme activity . The results showed that the highest uricase activity was achieved if the extraction was carried out at pH 8 using centrifugation at an optimum speed of 13,000 rpm. The higher uricase activity indicates that the extracted uricase concentration is increasing.
{"title":"Optimization of Centrifugation Speed and pH in Extraction of Uricase Enzyme from Goat Liver","authors":"Wuryanti Handayani, Esti Utarti, Riki Juni Krismiadi, AA. Istri Ratnadewi","doi":"10.19184/icl.v1i2.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19184/icl.v1i2.203","url":null,"abstract":"The human body does not have an enzyme that can break down uric acid, so the accumulation of uric acid can cause disease. This problem can be overcome by uricolytic therapy by utilizing the activity of the uricase enzyme. In this study, the uricase enzyme was extracted from goat liver by optimizing the centrifugation speed and the extraction pH. The purpose of the optimization is to get maximum uricase activity. Uricase extraction to optimize centrifugation speed using borate buffer pH 8.5 then centrifuged at 7.000; 9.000; 11.000; 13.000 and 15.000 rpm with a temperature of 4oC. Furthermore, pH optimization was carried out using pH buffers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 by centrifuging the optimum speed obtained. The crude extract obtained was further tested for its enzyme activity . The results showed that the highest uricase activity was achieved if the extraction was carried out at pH 8 using centrifugation at an optimum speed of 13,000 rpm. The higher uricase activity indicates that the extracted uricase concentration is increasing.","PeriodicalId":429869,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Chimica Letters","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117306778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Asnawati, Diah Ayu Nur Sholehah, Dwi Indarti, Tri Mulyono, Bambang Piluharto, Y. M. Muflihah
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic, corrosive, and flammable gas. The presence of H2S gas can be reduced by a permeation method using PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) membranes and PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) membranes. This H2S gas passed through the membrane and was then captured by the SAOB (Sulfide Anhydride Oxidant Buffer) in S2- species form. A visible spectrophotometer was applied for the analysis of passed H2S gas. Using a PTFE membrane, the optimum flow rate was obtained at 14.71 mL/min, with a mass flux of 0.825 kg/m2.hour, permeability coefficient of 0.696 kg/m2.hour.bar, and percent removal of H2S gas was 88.14%. The optimum flow rate for the SAOB was obtained at a rate of 0.30 mL/min with a mass flux of 0.843 kg/m2.hour and a percent removal of H2S gas of 89.98%. Based on the results obtained on the PVDF membrane, the mass flux produced in the optimization of H2S gas is 0.742 kg/cm2.hour, and the optimization of the SAOB solution is 0.754 kg/cm2.hour. The resulting permeability coefficient value is 0.741 kg/cm2.hour. The results indicate that this study can remove H2S gas at the optimum H2S gas flow rate of 4.76 mL/minute of 94.89% and the optimum SAOB flow rate of 0.3 mL/minute of 95.66%
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