Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1035
N. Harun, S. A. Mohamed, Norhaya Jaafar
The morphological patterns of the Malay town are analysed using three main elements of urban form: road networks, building plots, and open space. However, considering the physical aspects of a city, as well as the impact of geography, social, economic, and political forces, allows us to establish a city's particular character, which may be altered by multiple socioeconomic changes brought on by the pandemic. There are few well-documented systematic procedures for examining the morphological changes associated with Malay settlement features, implying considerable differences in the approaches used. By describing techniques and analysing the urban form, this article aims to spark discussion on what an antifragile built environment might look like. It also aims to shed light on how to create dynamic pseudo adaptability in the old and historic town, particularly in terms of scale, urban morphology, and social life, by establishing a systematic analytical framework for the analysis of urban morphology. To exemplify the process of building the methodological structure, a single case study was undertaken in Kota Bharu's Old Settlement Zone. The case study is subdivided into four sections: a) conceptual structure, b) case study design framework, and c) mapping research framework. It is defined through an iterative process that described the specifics of crucial features to establish an extensive methodological framework for the Malay settlement by thoroughly developing and scrutinising methodological processes. Because the current pandemic is sharpening our understanding of the link between local and global action, as well as the power inherent in the application of professional and technical knowledge and practice, this paper hoped to help with the development of policies and guidelines, as well as the evaluation of proposals for post-pandemic urban morphological assessments.
{"title":"Methodological Framework of Structured Case Study in Urban Morphology: Preparedness to Pandemic from Theory Building","authors":"N. Harun, S. A. Mohamed, Norhaya Jaafar","doi":"10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1035","url":null,"abstract":"The morphological patterns of the Malay town are analysed using three main elements of urban form: road networks, building plots, and open space. However, considering the physical aspects of a city, as well as the impact of geography, social, economic, and political forces, allows us to establish a city's particular character, which may be altered by multiple socioeconomic changes brought on by the pandemic. There are few well-documented systematic procedures for examining the morphological changes associated with Malay settlement features, implying considerable differences in the approaches used. By describing techniques and analysing the urban form, this article aims to spark discussion on what an antifragile built environment might look like. It also aims to shed light on how to create dynamic pseudo adaptability in the old and historic town, particularly in terms of scale, urban morphology, and social life, by establishing a systematic analytical framework for the analysis of urban morphology. To exemplify the process of building the methodological structure, a single case study was undertaken in Kota Bharu's Old Settlement Zone. The case study is subdivided into four sections: a) conceptual structure, b) case study design framework, and c) mapping research framework. It is defined through an iterative process that described the specifics of crucial features to establish an extensive methodological framework for the Malay settlement by thoroughly developing and scrutinising methodological processes. Because the current pandemic is sharpening our understanding of the link between local and global action, as well as the power inherent in the application of professional and technical knowledge and practice, this paper hoped to help with the development of policies and guidelines, as well as the evaluation of proposals for post-pandemic urban morphological assessments.","PeriodicalId":43031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48224042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1020
W. Kurniawati, R. Kurniati, S. Soetomo, R. Rahmat
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed all aspects of life and order. It has made the Old Town of Semarang experience a decrease in the number of visitors. When the economy is starting and recovering, the pandemic sensitivity space is exercised through strict health protocol. This paper uses direct observation to examine the pandemic responsive space for local economic activities in the Old Town of Semarang. The following procedures were adopted for this study: 1) Defining the potential economic activity space in the Old Town of Semarang; 2) Recognising the presence of pandemic responsive space in location; 3) Analysing the responsive space in relation to pandemic context, and 4) Proposing space pattern that responsive to pandemic context. The study’s results are the Old Town of Semarang has three typologies of economic activity spaces, including cafes, restaurants, and street vendors. The economic activity in the form of cafes and restaurants has organised a responsive space to implement the established health protocols. In contrast, street vendors create unresponsive space for economic activity. This is because the street vendors have not been able to provide adequate supporting facilities for health protocols. Therefore, the local government and economic actors need to speed up the process for determining more pandemic responsive urban space that will allow economic activities to be carried out with proper health protocols
{"title":"Pandemic Responsive Spaces for Local Economic Activities in the Old Town of Semarang","authors":"W. Kurniawati, R. Kurniati, S. Soetomo, R. Rahmat","doi":"10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1020","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has changed all aspects of life and order. It has made the Old Town of Semarang experience a decrease in the number of visitors. When the economy is starting and recovering, the pandemic sensitivity space is exercised through strict health protocol. This paper uses direct observation to examine the pandemic responsive space for local economic activities in the Old Town of Semarang. The following procedures were adopted for this study: 1) Defining the potential economic activity space in the Old Town of Semarang; 2) Recognising the presence of pandemic responsive space in location; 3) Analysing the responsive space in relation to pandemic context, and 4) Proposing space pattern that responsive to pandemic context. The study’s results are the Old Town of Semarang has three typologies of economic activity spaces, including cafes, restaurants, and street vendors. The economic activity in the form of cafes and restaurants has organised a responsive space to implement the established health protocols. In contrast, street vendors create unresponsive space for economic activity. This is because the street vendors have not been able to provide adequate supporting facilities for health protocols. Therefore, the local government and economic actors need to speed up the process for determining more pandemic responsive urban space that will allow economic activities to be carried out with proper health protocols","PeriodicalId":43031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44746079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1023
S. A. Mohamed, N. Harun, N. Ja’afar, N. I. Othmani
Current approaches applied in the historical analysis on the morphological evolution of early Malay towns primarily focused on describing how cities were formed and transformed without much emphasis on how they can be analysed. Considering cities as urban organisms experiencing rapid growth, achieving a sustainable urban transition would be impossible without understanding the process of initial formation and spatial uniqueness that comprise the Malay town. However, analysing the particular kind of processes requires a comprehensive understanding of each hierarchical level of morphological elements, which, therefore, posed a greater challenge in excerpting Malay town's dynamic and organic growth pattern-development. This study attempt to develop the methodological process of urban morphological analysis framework concerning the Malay town context. With the adoption of the historic-geographical approach as the method of analysis, the study applied two different spatial scales as the basis of the analysis process, that is, plan-units analysis and morphological evolution analysis. The findings unveiled the inherent morphogenesis processes of Malay towns central to the spatial structure of Kota, represent a town that functioned as a territorial base with settlements of Kampung as the archetype of the morphological unit. Through depicting the spatial boundary of Dalam Kota and Luar Kota, the fixation line of the growth process in Malay town can be identified, which is imperative to the functioning system of the town. Accordingly, developing the systematic morphological analysis process aids in providing a clear and responsive strategy for managing the changing process of Malay towns to ensure a sustainable transition for resilient communities and territories
{"title":"Urban Morphological Analysis Framework for Sustainable Malay Town Transition in Response to COVID 19","authors":"S. A. Mohamed, N. Harun, N. Ja’afar, N. I. Othmani","doi":"10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1023","url":null,"abstract":"Current approaches applied in the historical analysis on the morphological evolution of early Malay towns primarily focused on describing how cities were formed and transformed without much emphasis on how they can be analysed. Considering cities as urban organisms experiencing rapid growth, achieving a sustainable urban transition would be impossible without understanding the process of initial formation and spatial uniqueness that comprise the Malay town. However, analysing the particular kind of processes requires a comprehensive understanding of each hierarchical level of morphological elements, which, therefore, posed a greater challenge in excerpting Malay town's dynamic and organic growth pattern-development. This study attempt to develop the methodological process of urban morphological analysis framework concerning the Malay town context. With the adoption of the historic-geographical approach as the method of analysis, the study applied two different spatial scales as the basis of the analysis process, that is, plan-units analysis and morphological evolution analysis. The findings unveiled the inherent morphogenesis processes of Malay towns central to the spatial structure of Kota, represent a town that functioned as a territorial base with settlements of Kampung as the archetype of the morphological unit. Through depicting the spatial boundary of Dalam Kota and Luar Kota, the fixation line of the growth process in Malay town can be identified, which is imperative to the functioning system of the town. Accordingly, developing the systematic morphological analysis process aids in providing a clear and responsive strategy for managing the changing process of Malay towns to ensure a sustainable transition for resilient communities and territories","PeriodicalId":43031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45859259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1030
T. H. Jasimin, Muhammad Faris Nordin
The global pandemic outbreak of Covid-19 and the restrictions on movement have created an unprecedented crisis for the real estate industry with mounting pressure including on property management. The higher-than-normal occupancy and load especially on strata residential buildings during the movement control order (MCO) leads to a more crucial task for property managers to ensure that every part of the building was in good working order. A high transmissible virus poses various challenges in property managers’ jobs including maintenance, inspections, viewing, and marketing the property. Accordingly, the pandemic has created a greater sense of urgency than before for real estate companies to increase technology usage by having an automated real estate record involving the buying or selling process. This study aims to explore the potential opportunities of blockchain adoption in the real estate management process. The objectives of this study are: i) to investigate the challenges of real estate managers in managing the real estate during the pandemic; ii) to study the benefits of blockchain technology adoption in the real estate management process, and (iii) to examine the opportunities of blockchain to enhance in streamlining the real estate management process. This research engages with the qualitative nature of the research strategy due to the explorative character by conducting the unstructured interview with the real estate players involved in managing the properties. All the collected materials have been transcribed and categorized to ensure that they could be analysed through NVivo, a qualitative data analysis programme. The expected outcome of this study will provide scientific evidence on the readiness of the Malaysian real estate industry to embrace technology by digitalizing the property management which is in line with the vision of the government to ensure Malaysia makes the Digital Leap into the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
{"title":"An Exploratory Survey on the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in Streamlining Malaysia Real Estate During Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"T. H. Jasimin, Muhammad Faris Nordin","doi":"10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1030","url":null,"abstract":"The global pandemic outbreak of Covid-19 and the restrictions on movement have created an unprecedented crisis for the real estate industry with mounting pressure including on property management. The higher-than-normal occupancy and load especially on strata residential buildings during the movement control order (MCO) leads to a more crucial task for property managers to ensure that every part of the building was in good working order. A high transmissible virus poses various challenges in property managers’ jobs including maintenance, inspections, viewing, and marketing the property. Accordingly, the pandemic has created a greater sense of urgency than before for real estate companies to increase technology usage by having an automated real estate record involving the buying or selling process. This study aims to explore the potential opportunities of blockchain adoption in the real estate management process. The objectives of this study are: i) to investigate the challenges of real estate managers in managing the real estate during the pandemic; ii) to study the benefits of blockchain technology adoption in the real estate management process, and (iii) to examine the opportunities of blockchain to enhance in streamlining the real estate management process. This research engages with the qualitative nature of the research strategy due to the explorative character by conducting the unstructured interview with the real estate players involved in managing the properties. All the collected materials have been transcribed and categorized to ensure that they could be analysed through NVivo, a qualitative data analysis programme. The expected outcome of this study will provide scientific evidence on the readiness of the Malaysian real estate industry to embrace technology by digitalizing the property management which is in line with the vision of the government to ensure Malaysia makes the Digital Leap into the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)","PeriodicalId":43031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48868003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1018
R. Widjajanti, N. S. Ristianti, H. H. Ardiati, Kanindya Nooringsih
Covid-19 has caused a global crisis that has affected various aspects of life, including urban spatial arrangement, such as arrangement of street vendors activities in urban public spaces. As one of the activities supports that have developed due to primary urban activities, street vendors often occupy public spaces, as can be seen in Simpang Lima in Semarang, a central business and culinary tourism district where street vendors sell their good on pedestrian ways. Moreover, these vendors have been stabilized to accommodate their existence in sustainable manner. Hence, it is necessary to review the adaption of this arrangement to pandemics, bearing in mind the necessity of precautions against Covid-19 and physical distancing in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). This research applied quantitative methods and obtained data by collecting questionnaires and observations, showing that street vendors’ spatial arrangement within the food court concept in Simpang Lima had been adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic reviewed from space arrangement, vending facilities, and health protocol applications. Among the precautions implemented for each vendor are the arrangement of space using modular spaces of size 3 by 3 meters, so that each has their own adaptive space, in accordance with physical distancing; maintaining spaces properly ventilated; applying a distance of more than one meter between any two tables in the consumer dining space; washing utensils in running water to maximize cleanliness; and ensuring the availability of public sinks with running water for customers and the public.
{"title":"Spatial Adaptive Arrangement of Street Vendors to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Simpang Lima, Semarang, Indonesia","authors":"R. Widjajanti, N. S. Ristianti, H. H. Ardiati, Kanindya Nooringsih","doi":"10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 has caused a global crisis that has affected various aspects of life, including urban spatial arrangement, such as arrangement of street vendors activities in urban public spaces. As one of the activities supports that have developed due to primary urban activities, street vendors often occupy public spaces, as can be seen in Simpang Lima in Semarang, a central business and culinary tourism district where street vendors sell their good on pedestrian ways. Moreover, these vendors have been stabilized to accommodate their existence in sustainable manner. Hence, it is necessary to review the adaption of this arrangement to pandemics, bearing in mind the necessity of precautions against Covid-19 and physical distancing in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). This research applied quantitative methods and obtained data by collecting questionnaires and observations, showing that street vendors’ spatial arrangement within the food court concept in Simpang Lima had been adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic reviewed from space arrangement, vending facilities, and health protocol applications. Among the precautions implemented for each vendor are the arrangement of space using modular spaces of size 3 by 3 meters, so that each has their own adaptive space, in accordance with physical distancing; maintaining spaces properly ventilated; applying a distance of more than one meter between any two tables in the consumer dining space; washing utensils in running water to maximize cleanliness; and ensuring the availability of public sinks with running water for customers and the public.","PeriodicalId":43031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44696008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1038
Seetha Visalakshi Kumaraguruparan, Arulmalar Ramaraj, S. Venkatavaradan
Literature studies reveal that mankind spends 90% of their life indoors. The current COVID 19, pandemic situation has capped the socialization among the people due to diverse reasons. This situation has questioned as well as challenged the age-old practices and standards that have been adopted in designing spaces for various functions. This study reinstates the need to maintain the health of the occupants especially in corporate offices. Achieving the users’ health and wellness that include some aspects of thermal comfort is challenging. The aim is to study, understand and achieve the key parameters that revolves around ‘health’ and ‘wellness’ of the occupants in corporate spaces that is expected to be occupied partially even during challenging situations. Exploratory methodology is adopted to identify and consolidate such parameters in this article. The data was collected from secondary resources such as ‘Well Building Standard’ by the International Well Building Institute, ‘Indian Green Building rating system’, ‘pandemic guidelines’ and ‘research articles’. It is observed that parameters such as ‘adequate and appropriate ventilation’, ‘indoor and native plants’ and ‘relative humidity’ need to be considered while facilitating the functioning of corporate spaces with minimum occupancy in situations which demand physical and social distancing. The role and the impacts of these parameters need to be explored in real time contexts.
{"title":"A Review on Office Space Management Post Pandemic COVID-19","authors":"Seetha Visalakshi Kumaraguruparan, Arulmalar Ramaraj, S. Venkatavaradan","doi":"10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1038","url":null,"abstract":"Literature studies reveal that mankind spends 90% of their life indoors. The current COVID 19, pandemic situation has capped the socialization among the people due to diverse reasons. This situation has questioned as well as challenged the age-old practices and standards that have been adopted in designing spaces for various functions. This study reinstates the need to maintain the health of the occupants especially in corporate offices. Achieving the users’ health and wellness that include some aspects of thermal comfort is challenging. The aim is to study, understand and achieve the key parameters that revolves around ‘health’ and ‘wellness’ of the occupants in corporate spaces that is expected to be occupied partially even during challenging situations. Exploratory methodology is adopted to identify and consolidate such parameters in this article. The data was collected from secondary resources such as ‘Well Building Standard’ by the International Well Building Institute, ‘Indian Green Building rating system’, ‘pandemic guidelines’ and ‘research articles’. It is observed that parameters such as ‘adequate and appropriate ventilation’, ‘indoor and native plants’ and ‘relative humidity’ need to be considered while facilitating the functioning of corporate spaces with minimum occupancy in situations which demand physical and social distancing. The role and the impacts of these parameters need to be explored in real time contexts.","PeriodicalId":43031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1040
Siti Fatimah Ilani Bilyamin, W. N. M. Wan Mohd Rani, Mohammad Hussaini Wahab
Having an active lifestyle has been regarded as one of the main factors for maintaining a healthy and happy life. However, previous studies have pointed out that most Malaysian adults are reported to be physically inactive due to lifestyle changes such as increasingly sedentary lifestyles, decreased physical activity (PA), and growing reliance on automobiles for mobility. Subsequently, the COVID-19 pandemic has further impacted the quality of the urban population’s active lifestyles, particularly the disruption resulting from movement restriction control orders which has limited the ability to maintain an active lifestyle. This scenario has the potential to negatively impact the health and mental state of the population if it continues without intervention by relevant stakeholders. Therefore, this study examined the patterns of PA and body mass index (BMI) and assessed the association between PA and a walkable environment to maintain an active lifestyle in Kuala Lumpur city centre before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study ‘walkable environment’ refers to a physical attribute that encourages walking for functional and recreational purposes and ‘active lifestyle’ refers to walking being the main physical PA that contributes to health as part of people’s regular routine. This study adopted the mixed method approach through an online questionnaire survey, combined with the observation of selected areas and content analysis of written documents. The findings show that most respondents perceived that walking was the main PA that contributes to health. In terms of effects, walkable environments have been shown to have a positive impact on PA and health by encouraging an active lifestyle.
{"title":"Achieving an Active Lifestyle within a Walkable Environment: Assessment of Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Siti Fatimah Ilani Bilyamin, W. N. M. Wan Mohd Rani, Mohammad Hussaini Wahab","doi":"10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1040","url":null,"abstract":"Having an active lifestyle has been regarded as one of the main factors for maintaining a healthy and happy life. However, previous studies have pointed out that most Malaysian adults are reported to be physically inactive due to lifestyle changes such as increasingly sedentary lifestyles, decreased physical activity (PA), and growing reliance on automobiles for mobility. Subsequently, the COVID-19 pandemic has further impacted the quality of the urban population’s active lifestyles, particularly the disruption resulting from movement restriction control orders which has limited the ability to maintain an active lifestyle. This scenario has the potential to negatively impact the health and mental state of the population if it continues without intervention by relevant stakeholders. Therefore, this study examined the patterns of PA and body mass index (BMI) and assessed the association between PA and a walkable environment to maintain an active lifestyle in Kuala Lumpur city centre before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study ‘walkable environment’ refers to a physical attribute that encourages walking for functional and recreational purposes and ‘active lifestyle’ refers to walking being the main physical PA that contributes to health as part of people’s regular routine. This study adopted the mixed method approach through an online questionnaire survey, combined with the observation of selected areas and content analysis of written documents. The findings show that most respondents perceived that walking was the main PA that contributes to health. In terms of effects, walkable environments have been shown to have a positive impact on PA and health by encouraging an active lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":43031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43247664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1022
Suhaila Abdul Rashid, M. H. Wahab, Wan Nurul Mardiah Wan Rani
The street is a vital public space for all in a city. It is the spine that connects to buildings, transportation nodes, public spaces like pocket spaces and other nodes for pedestrian. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promotes the inclusivity for all. To achieve sustainability, street should be safe for all especially women who are a vulnerable group. As a public space, there are many restrictions implemented during the Movement Control Order (MCO) to curb the spread of Covid-19, therefore the livelihood, dynamic and safety is a concern for those who still needs to be on the street. Even though the city street is not as busy as before the pandemic, safety is still a main concern especially amongst women. This study is focusing on women’s perception of safety in the street. This is always a concern as the pandemic has affected the economic sectors which in turn affects employment. Unemployment leads to crime which creates an unsafe perception. In order to evaluate the issue, a case study approach has been chosen and Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman in Kuala Lumpur is the area for this study. This study was performed through mixed method of in-depth interview, structured observation and questionnaire survey. Finding reveals that to enhance perception of safety for women, street design needs to consider both physical and social characteristic in the city. Pedestrian needs to use the street during the pandemic, and therefore findings from this study could assist policy maker and designer in developing framework for a safer street
街道是城市中所有人的重要公共空间。它是连接建筑、交通节点、公共空间(如口袋空间)和其他行人节点的脊柱。可持续发展目标促进所有人的包容性。为了实现可持续性，街道应该对所有人，特别是弱势群体妇女是安全的。作为一个公共空间，在行动控制令期间实施了许多限制措施，以遏制新冠病毒的传播，因此仍然需要在街上的人的生计，活力和安全是一个问题。尽管城市街道不像大流行之前那么繁忙，但安全仍然是一个主要问题，特别是对妇女而言。这项研究的重点是女性对街道安全的看法。这一直是一个令人关切的问题，因为大流行病影响到经济部门，进而影响到就业。失业导致犯罪，造成不安全的感觉。为了评估这个问题，我们选择了一个案例研究的方法，吉隆坡的Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman是这个研究的区域。本研究采用深度访谈、结构化观察和问卷调查相结合的方法进行。研究结果表明，为了提高女性的安全意识，街道设计需要考虑城市的物理和社会特征。在大流行期间，行人需要使用街道，因此本研究的结果可以帮助决策者和设计师制定更安全街道的框架
{"title":"Women’s Perception of Safety in the City Street of Kuala Lumpur: The Covid-19 Impact","authors":"Suhaila Abdul Rashid, M. H. Wahab, Wan Nurul Mardiah Wan Rani","doi":"10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1022","url":null,"abstract":"The street is a vital public space for all in a city. It is the spine that connects to buildings, transportation nodes, public spaces like pocket spaces and other nodes for pedestrian. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promotes the inclusivity for all. To achieve sustainability, street should be safe for all especially women who are a vulnerable group. As a public space, there are many restrictions implemented during the Movement Control Order (MCO) to curb the spread of Covid-19, therefore the livelihood, dynamic and safety is a concern for those who still needs to be on the street. Even though the city street is not as busy as before the pandemic, safety is still a main concern especially amongst women. This study is focusing on women’s perception of safety in the street. This is always a concern as the pandemic has affected the economic sectors which in turn affects employment. Unemployment leads to crime which creates an unsafe perception. In order to evaluate the issue, a case study approach has been chosen and Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman in Kuala Lumpur is the area for this study. This study was performed through mixed method of in-depth interview, structured observation and questionnaire survey. Finding reveals that to enhance perception of safety for women, street design needs to consider both physical and social characteristic in the city. Pedestrian needs to use the street during the pandemic, and therefore findings from this study could assist policy maker and designer in developing framework for a safer street","PeriodicalId":43031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46669697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-3.1031
Wan Azlina Wan Ismail, Muhamad Solehin Fitry Rosley, Wan Yusryzal Wan Ibrahim, Syumi Rafida Abdul Rahman
Malaysians’ overall well-being, particularly in urban areas, has been seriously affected physically and emotionally due to the series of imposed lockdowns in the country. The number of mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and loneliness has increased tremendously during the lockdown period. Various studies suggest that these mental health issues could be coped with if people are allowed to access urban greeneries and public green spaces during the pandemic. However, the degree to how adequate existing green areas are to fulfil an urban community’s needs with strict social distancing compliance is still vaguely interpreted in the literature. It is still arguable that the current 10 per cent green area requirement is still relevant to the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the sufficient amount of green areas for people’s well-being during the pandemic, based on the local population, accessibility to green areas, and compliance with the new norm of social distancing by a minimum of one meter. Therefore, an urban neighbourhood in Iskandar Puteri, Johor, Malaysia was selected and simulated using GIS spatial analysis based on the highlighted parameters. As a result, the study found that the current size of existing green areas in the neighbourhood is insufficient in terms of compliance with the parameters, especially Malaysia’s social distancing requirements. This study could provide a platform for future planning to include pandemic risk reduction into urban planning policies, especially in the context of Malaysia, to cater to future uncertainties
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Pub Date : 2022-05-22DOI: 10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2.921
Gabriel Ling Hoh Teck, Nur Amiera Suhud, Gabrielina Fui Tze Chai, P. C. Leng, L. B. Yeo, L. W. Chau, C. Ho
There is a lack of understanding of the theory of the Tragedy of the Anticommons (ToA), a type of coordination breakdown or a hold-out problem involving multiple fragmented co-proprietorships with undivided shares, in the land partition context. This paper, hence, discusses how ToA occurs particularly in the agricultural land partition that is primarily governed under the National Land Code 1965 and proposes potential legal and non-legal approaches and mechanisms to address the land tragedy. An abductive content analysis of (9) case laws extracted from the LexisNexis database was performed through which themes and codes were developed to explain how ToA hindering land partition takes place. Subsequently, judicial decisions in solving disputes arising from land partition and existing best practices in dealing with the tragedy were reviewed. The case laws review indicated that unsuccessful agricultural land partition associated with high transaction costs in securing co-proprietors consensus is a form of simultaneous ToA, that most of the unpartitioned land (anticommons) may be subject to underinvestment (land mismanagement) and disuse. Key factors leading to disagreement among co-proprietors and consequently ToA are as follows: (i) unequal (unfair) proportion or shares of land; (ii) uneven geographical partition and spatial distribution of government reserves; and (iii) potential damages and negative effects (e.g., loss of income and property). To address ToA, these are legal mechanisms proposed: statutory enforcement of the National Land Code (NLC) 1965 (via land forfeiture and reversion), the Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1960 on compulsory land acquisition, and judicial decisions (e.g., land partitions may take place if it is fairly distributed and made by the majority shareholders), while non-legal approaches cover negotiation and arbitration; en-bloc sales (partition); collective action through enhanced social capital; and imposition of a tax on underutilised land. By showcasing various agricultural anticommons tragedies and their potential negative externalities in the land partition context, this paper offers policy and management insights that help land officers and local authorities ensure the maximum efficiency and productivity (i.e., highest and best use) of the land
{"title":"Tragedy of the Anticommons (ToA) in Agricultural Land Partition involving Fragmented Co-proprietorships: An Analysis of Malaysian Case Laws","authors":"Gabriel Ling Hoh Teck, Nur Amiera Suhud, Gabrielina Fui Tze Chai, P. C. Leng, L. B. Yeo, L. W. Chau, C. Ho","doi":"10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2.921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2.921","url":null,"abstract":"There is a lack of understanding of the theory of the Tragedy of the Anticommons (ToA), a type of coordination breakdown or a hold-out problem involving multiple fragmented co-proprietorships with undivided shares, in the land partition context. This paper, hence, discusses how ToA occurs particularly in the agricultural land partition that is primarily governed under the National Land Code 1965 and proposes potential legal and non-legal approaches and mechanisms to address the land tragedy. An abductive content analysis of (9) case laws extracted from the LexisNexis database was performed through which themes and codes were developed to explain how ToA hindering land partition takes place. Subsequently, judicial decisions in solving disputes arising from land partition and existing best practices in dealing with the tragedy were reviewed. The case laws review indicated that unsuccessful agricultural land partition associated with high transaction costs in securing co-proprietors consensus is a form of simultaneous ToA, that most of the unpartitioned land (anticommons) may be subject to underinvestment (land mismanagement) and disuse. Key factors leading to disagreement among co-proprietors and consequently ToA are as follows: (i) unequal (unfair) proportion or shares of land; (ii) uneven geographical partition and spatial distribution of government reserves; and (iii) potential damages and negative effects (e.g., loss of income and property). To address ToA, these are legal mechanisms proposed: statutory enforcement of the National Land Code (NLC) 1965 (via land forfeiture and reversion), the Land Acquisition Act (LAA) 1960 on compulsory land acquisition, and judicial decisions (e.g., land partitions may take place if it is fairly distributed and made by the majority shareholders), while non-legal approaches cover negotiation and arbitration; en-bloc sales (partition); collective action through enhanced social capital; and imposition of a tax on underutilised land. By showcasing various agricultural anticommons tragedies and their potential negative externalities in the land partition context, this paper offers policy and management insights that help land officers and local authorities ensure the maximum efficiency and productivity (i.e., highest and best use) of the land","PeriodicalId":43031,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46404180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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