Pub Date : 2011-10-05DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724350
Yazhou Wang, A. Fathy, M. Mahfouz
A microwave imaging system prototype has been developed for early breast cancer detection. The system is based on impulse Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radar technology. A novel, practical calibration method has been applied in our system to remove the large received signals due to both skin backscattering and Tx/Rx antenna coupling, and to underline the reflection/scattering from object of interest. This calibration method is crucial to identify the malignant tissues in a low-contrast condition that the difference of dielectric properties between malignant tissues and healthy tissues is not more than 10%. The system has been used to detect the cylindrical targets from a breast model. With this novel calibration approach, our system has successfully detected and localized the targets with a diameter of 5mm in a low-contrast condition. Details of the experimental setup and experimental imaging results will be discussed in this paper.
{"title":"UWB microwave imaging system with a novel calibration approach for breast cancer detection","authors":"Yazhou Wang, A. Fathy, M. Mahfouz","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724350","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave imaging system prototype has been developed for early breast cancer detection. The system is based on impulse Ultra-Wideband (UWB) radar technology. A novel, practical calibration method has been applied in our system to remove the large received signals due to both skin backscattering and Tx/Rx antenna coupling, and to underline the reflection/scattering from object of interest. This calibration method is crucial to identify the malignant tissues in a low-contrast condition that the difference of dielectric properties between malignant tissues and healthy tissues is not more than 10%. The system has been used to detect the cylindrical targets from a breast model. With this novel calibration approach, our system has successfully detected and localized the targets with a diameter of 5mm in a low-contrast condition. Details of the experimental setup and experimental imaging results will be discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131570834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-07DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724355
E. Martin
Gait analysis through on-body wireless accelerometers can provide valuable information for multiple health-related applications. The dynamic nature of human body acceleration signals makes their analysis with the wavelet transform optimum. Nevertheless, one of the main issues for the practical development of this signal processing tool in real time is the difficulty in the selection of the appropriate scale and mother wavelet for each particular gait. In this paper we show how these problems can be solved, resulting in a system that can accurately monitor patients' gait in real time without the need for calibration.
{"title":"Real time patient's gait monitoring through wireless accelerometers with the wavelet transform","authors":"E. Martin","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724355","url":null,"abstract":"Gait analysis through on-body wireless accelerometers can provide valuable information for multiple health-related applications. The dynamic nature of human body acceleration signals makes their analysis with the wavelet transform optimum. Nevertheless, one of the main issues for the practical development of this signal processing tool in real time is the difficulty in the selection of the appropriate scale and mother wavelet for each particular gait. In this paper we show how these problems can be solved, resulting in a system that can accurately monitor patients' gait in real time without the need for calibration.","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134241459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-07DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724360
M. Mahfouz, M. Kuhn, Yazhou Wang, J. Turnmire, A. Fathy
Ultra wideband (UWB) positioning systems are increasingly used in indoor environments since commercial systems can provide 3-D accuracy of a few centimeters. Many applications exist in medicine for UWB positioning which includes tracking personnel, assets, and surgical navigation. We have designed a UWB positioning system with millimeter accuracy. Certain applications, including surgical navigation, have even more stringent accuracy requirements in the sub-millimeter range. Many challenges must be overcome to achieve sub-millimeter accuracy including indoor multipath interference, system clock jitter and drift, local oscillator phase noise, sampling-rate limitations, and phase center error. This paper discusses sub-millimeter accuracy in UWB positioning for medical applications and outlines key challenges faced in achieving it with our UWB positioning system. Solutions to these challenges are also outlined followed by a discussion of future work needed to integrate the entire system.
{"title":"Towards sub-millimeter accuracy in UWB positioning for indoor medical environments","authors":"M. Mahfouz, M. Kuhn, Yazhou Wang, J. Turnmire, A. Fathy","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724360","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra wideband (UWB) positioning systems are increasingly used in indoor environments since commercial systems can provide 3-D accuracy of a few centimeters. Many applications exist in medicine for UWB positioning which includes tracking personnel, assets, and surgical navigation. We have designed a UWB positioning system with millimeter accuracy. Certain applications, including surgical navigation, have even more stringent accuracy requirements in the sub-millimeter range. Many challenges must be overcome to achieve sub-millimeter accuracy including indoor multipath interference, system clock jitter and drift, local oscillator phase noise, sampling-rate limitations, and phase center error. This paper discusses sub-millimeter accuracy in UWB positioning for medical applications and outlines key challenges faced in achieving it with our UWB positioning system. Solutions to these challenges are also outlined followed by a discussion of future work needed to integrate the entire system.","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"92 32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128884685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-07DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724339
M. Mark, T. Bjorninen, L. Ukkonen, L. Sydanheimo, J. Rabaey
This paper describes an approach to reduce the average specific absorption rate (SAR) of a wireless power link for mm-size cortical implants, while decreasing the loss of the overall link by using a segmented loop transmit antenna. It further shows that, for a given receive antenna size and antenna separation, an optimum transmit antenna size-frequency pair that minimizes the link loss exists. A case study of a wireless link for a mm-size cortical implant optimized for minimum loss shows a reduction of the average SAR of more than 30 %, and a link loss improvement of approximately 10 %, leading to a 57 % increase in power available to the implant compared to a conventional loop antenna.
{"title":"SAR reduction and link optimization for mm-size remotely powered wireless implants using segmented loop antennas","authors":"M. Mark, T. Bjorninen, L. Ukkonen, L. Sydanheimo, J. Rabaey","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724339","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an approach to reduce the average specific absorption rate (SAR) of a wireless power link for mm-size cortical implants, while decreasing the loss of the overall link by using a segmented loop transmit antenna. It further shows that, for a given receive antenna size and antenna separation, an optimum transmit antenna size-frequency pair that minimizes the link loss exists. A case study of a wireless link for a mm-size cortical implant optimized for minimum loss shows a reduction of the average SAR of more than 30 %, and a link loss improvement of approximately 10 %, leading to a 57 % increase in power available to the implant compared to a conventional loop antenna.","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114766895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-07DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724354
M. Roknsharifi, Mohammad Rafiqul Haider, S. K. Islam
This paper reports a low-power sensor signal processing and load shift keying (LSK) telemetry scheme for an inductively powered implant system. The entire system manifests a voltage reference (VR), a potentiostat, and a current controlled oscillator (CCO). All of the functional blocks are designed using subthreshold MOSFETs to achieve ultra-low-power consumption. Relatively simpler architecture of the VGR saves area and power. The CCO generates frequency modulated digital pulses depending upon sensor current. The proposed system has been designed and simulated in 65 nm standard CMOS process and the entire system consumes less than 20 µW.
{"title":"A low-power area efficient voltage reference and data generation unit for inductively powered implant system","authors":"M. Roknsharifi, Mohammad Rafiqul Haider, S. K. Islam","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724354","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a low-power sensor signal processing and load shift keying (LSK) telemetry scheme for an inductively powered implant system. The entire system manifests a voltage reference (VR), a potentiostat, and a current controlled oscillator (CCO). All of the functional blocks are designed using subthreshold MOSFETs to achieve ultra-low-power consumption. Relatively simpler architecture of the VGR saves area and power. The CCO generates frequency modulated digital pulses depending upon sensor current. The proposed system has been designed and simulated in 65 nm standard CMOS process and the entire system consumes less than 20 µW.","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129231802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-07DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724347
Amir H. Golnabi, P. Meaney, S. Geimer, K. Paulsen
Microwave imaging is based on recovering the electrical properties, namely permittivity and conductivity, of materials. Microwave imaging for biomedical applications is particularly interesting, because the available range of dielectric properties of different tissues can provide substantial functional information about their health. Breast cancer detection and treatment response monitoring are areas where microwave imaging is becoming a promising alternative/complementary technique to current imaging modalities, mainly due to the significant dielectric property contrast between normal and malignant breast tissues. In this paper, we present our latest clinical microwave imaging system along with some 2D and 3D reconstructed images from different phantom experiments and patient data.
{"title":"Microwave imaging for breast cancer detection and therapy monitoring","authors":"Amir H. Golnabi, P. Meaney, S. Geimer, K. Paulsen","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724347","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave imaging is based on recovering the electrical properties, namely permittivity and conductivity, of materials. Microwave imaging for biomedical applications is particularly interesting, because the available range of dielectric properties of different tissues can provide substantial functional information about their health. Breast cancer detection and treatment response monitoring are areas where microwave imaging is becoming a promising alternative/complementary technique to current imaging modalities, mainly due to the significant dielectric property contrast between normal and malignant breast tissues. In this paper, we present our latest clinical microwave imaging system along with some 2D and 3D reconstructed images from different phantom experiments and patient data.","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129715530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-07DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724358
Aditya Singh, V. Lubecke
A body-worn passive planar harmonic tag for sensing and uniquely isolating human respiratory motion using a Doppler radar has been designed, fabricated and tested. Agilent's advanced design system 2006 provided a simulation and performance evaluation platform. This design flow is applicable for any tag design and not just dipoles which has been the design of choice for others in the past. The tag has been designed for 2.45/4.9 ghz and shown to work at distances greater than 1 meter with transmitted power levels of 10 mw. The implications of this result is that the designed tag can be used to monitor and isolate a subject's cardiopulmonary chest motion from extraneous motion, as well as enable positive identification of the subject in a suitable environment (in home or hospital).
{"title":"Body-worn passive planar harmonic tag design for use with Doppler radar","authors":"Aditya Singh, V. Lubecke","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724358","url":null,"abstract":"A body-worn passive planar harmonic tag for sensing and uniquely isolating human respiratory motion using a Doppler radar has been designed, fabricated and tested. Agilent's advanced design system 2006 provided a simulation and performance evaluation platform. This design flow is applicable for any tag design and not just dipoles which has been the design of choice for others in the past. The tag has been designed for 2.45/4.9 ghz and shown to work at distances greater than 1 meter with transmitted power levels of 10 mw. The implications of this result is that the designed tag can be used to monitor and isolate a subject's cardiopulmonary chest motion from extraneous motion, as well as enable positive identification of the subject in a suitable environment (in home or hospital).","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131954533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-07DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724382
D. Lin, F. Labeau
In this paper, two bandwidth allocation schemes for the transmission of medical data in the IEEE 802.11n based WLAN are proposed. These two schemes are based on the same idea: offline medical data are transmitted on the subcarriers for online traffic when these subcarriers are available; otherwise, these data are stored in patient devices. This is a tradeoff between the traffic load in the WLAN and the memory size of patient devices. Based on this idea, two schemes are designed to save the required number of subcarriers. The difference between these two schemes is that the first scheme only focuses on saving subcarriers, while the second scheme takes into account saving subcarriers and the security of data stored in patient devices. Next, the relationship of device memory and the probability of illegal access to data is discussed. Finally, the number of required subcarriers and the probability of illegal access to data are compared in these two proposed schemes. In addition, these two proposed schemes are also compared with a traditional scheme, which is viewed as a benchmark.
{"title":"Schemes of bandwidth allocation for the transmission of medical data","authors":"D. Lin, F. Labeau","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724382","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, two bandwidth allocation schemes for the transmission of medical data in the IEEE 802.11n based WLAN are proposed. These two schemes are based on the same idea: offline medical data are transmitted on the subcarriers for online traffic when these subcarriers are available; otherwise, these data are stored in patient devices. This is a tradeoff between the traffic load in the WLAN and the memory size of patient devices. Based on this idea, two schemes are designed to save the required number of subcarriers. The difference between these two schemes is that the first scheme only focuses on saving subcarriers, while the second scheme takes into account saving subcarriers and the security of data stored in patient devices. Next, the relationship of device memory and the probability of illegal access to data is discussed. Finally, the number of required subcarriers and the probability of illegal access to data are compared in these two proposed schemes. In addition, these two proposed schemes are also compared with a traditional scheme, which is viewed as a benchmark.","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128966354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-07DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724345
M. Haider, K. Zhu, S. Islam, S. Yuan, M. Mahfouz
This paper reports a low-voltage low-power self-cascode VCO with a phase noise optimization technique. Self-cascode structure with capacitive feedback network provides better phase noise performance without degrading the voltage headroom. Phase noise performance of the proposed VCO has been optimized by an optimum selection of capacitor ratio. Fabricated in a 0.18-µm RF CMOS process, the oscillator can work with a supply voltage of 1.0 V, with an operating frequency of 1.30 GHz while providing a phase noise of −114.48 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and an output power of −22.27 dBm. Measurement results indicate that an optimum substrate bias ensures the minimization of phase noise.
{"title":"Phase noise optimization of a self-cascode VCO by changing the capacitor ratio and substrate bias","authors":"M. Haider, K. Zhu, S. Islam, S. Yuan, M. Mahfouz","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724345","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a low-voltage low-power self-cascode VCO with a phase noise optimization technique. Self-cascode structure with capacitive feedback network provides better phase noise performance without degrading the voltage headroom. Phase noise performance of the proposed VCO has been optimized by an optimum selection of capacitor ratio. Fabricated in a 0.18-µm RF CMOS process, the oscillator can work with a supply voltage of 1.0 V, with an operating frequency of 1.30 GHz while providing a phase noise of −114.48 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and an output power of −22.27 dBm. Measurement results indicate that an optimum substrate bias ensures the minimization of phase noise.","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116309222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-03-07DOI: 10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724362
M. El-Shenawee
Breast cancer is a serious potential health problem for all women. The current screening and imaging techniques such as X-ray mammography, clinical examination, ultrasound, and MRI, even combined in some way, provide only 73% accuracy in detecting breast cancer. This motivates researchers with biomedical background to investigate new techniques to advance the screening techniques aiming for early detection of breast cancer. In particular, the electromagnetic (EM) community has been researching potential techniques for breast cancer detection. Potential EM techniques are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Electromagnetic imaging for breast cancer research","authors":"M. El-Shenawee","doi":"10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOWIRELESS.2011.5724362","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a serious potential health problem for all women. The current screening and imaging techniques such as X-ray mammography, clinical examination, ultrasound, and MRI, even combined in some way, provide only 73% accuracy in detecting breast cancer. This motivates researchers with biomedical background to investigate new techniques to advance the screening techniques aiming for early detection of breast cancer. In particular, the electromagnetic (EM) community has been researching potential techniques for breast cancer detection. Potential EM techniques are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":430449,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Biomedical Wireless Technologies, Networks, and Sensing Systems","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116642530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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