Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i3430
H. Ebaid, Mohamed Ahmed Hamouda, Abdallah Adel Saleh Bakr, Amr Abd El-Mordy El-Sayed
Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) it is an important complication of diagnostic and interventional procedures in cardiology. This work aimed to to investigate the preventive role of colchicine on CI-AKI in patients undergoing elective PCI considering to its anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects. Methods: This study was conducted on 400 patients who were admitted for elective PCI, and was carried out in CCU in Cardiology Department, Benha university hospital and National Heart Institute. The patients were equally divided into two equal groups: Group 1 (Case group): received colchicine plus standard anti ischemic treatment and croup 2 (Control group): received placebo plus standard anti ischemic treatment. All patients were subjected to standard 12-lead ECG, laboratory investigations encompassing kidney function tests 24 hours before the procedure and 48 hours after, random blood sugar, coagulation profile, liver function tests. and serum electrolytes and transthoracic echocardiography. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between Serum creatinine and diabetes mellitus (r=0.245, P=0.001) and eGFR (r= 0.174, P<0.001). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, Colchicine use, diabetes mellitus, post CAG creatinine and post CAG eGFR, were the only significant predictors of incidence of CI-AKI. Conclusions: Colchicine, when administered in conjunction with standard anti-ischemic treatment in patients undergoing elective PCI, significantly reduces the incidence of CI-AKI. The reduction in CI-AKI incidence not only has implications for patient outcomes but also reveals an important strategy in optimizing renal protection during PCI.
{"title":"The Usefulness of Colchicine in the Prevention of Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","authors":"H. Ebaid, Mohamed Ahmed Hamouda, Abdallah Adel Saleh Bakr, Amr Abd El-Mordy El-Sayed","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i3430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i3430","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) it is an important complication of diagnostic and interventional procedures in cardiology. This work aimed to to investigate the preventive role of colchicine on CI-AKI in patients undergoing elective PCI considering to its anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects. \u0000Methods: This study was conducted on 400 patients who were admitted for elective PCI, and was carried out in CCU in Cardiology Department, Benha university hospital and National Heart Institute. The patients were equally divided into two equal groups: Group 1 (Case group): received colchicine plus standard anti ischemic treatment and croup 2 (Control group): received placebo plus standard anti ischemic treatment. All patients were subjected to standard 12-lead ECG, laboratory investigations encompassing kidney function tests 24 hours before the procedure and 48 hours after, random blood sugar, coagulation profile, liver function tests. and serum electrolytes and transthoracic echocardiography. \u0000Results: There was a significant positive correlation between Serum creatinine and diabetes mellitus (r=0.245, P=0.001) and eGFR (r= 0.174, P<0.001). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, Colchicine use, diabetes mellitus, post CAG creatinine and post CAG eGFR, were the only significant predictors of incidence of CI-AKI. \u0000Conclusions: Colchicine, when administered in conjunction with standard anti-ischemic treatment in patients undergoing elective PCI, significantly reduces the incidence of CI-AKI. The reduction in CI-AKI incidence not only has implications for patient outcomes but also reveals an important strategy in optimizing renal protection during PCI.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141921421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2413
Laila Nazmy Shabaan, Mahmoud Abd El Khalek Abou Omar, Mohammed Naseem Hussien, Ekram Sadek Saeed
Background: Before systolic dysfunction and symptomatic heart, diabetic cardiomyopathy begins with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). Echocardiographic modalities were used to detect subclinical LV impairment in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics. This study aimed to identify subclinical left ventricular impairment in asymptomatic patients with type two diabetes using several echocardiographic techniques. Methods: In the present prospective cohort study, 30 adults over 18 having type II diabetes mellitus (DM) (Group I) and 20 normal controls (Group II) were studied. Transthoracic echocardiography and 12-lead ECG were performed on all individuals. Results: Pulsed wave Doppler techniques revealed significant variation in transmitral flow velocities between groups, including septal e', lateral mitral annulus early velocity (e'), septal early diastolic peak flow velocity (E)e', Lateral Ee', and average Ee'. EF was significantly decreased in group I (P < 0.001). With a p-value of 0.001, LVESD was significantly higher in group I. The septal, lateral, and average systolic mitral annulus (S') motions in group II were significantly larger than those in group I. When comparing groups, I and II, the first showed much longer myocardial performance index (MPI) and isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT). The ET for Group I was significantly lower than that of Group II. The study group exhibited significantly greater levels of fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, and haemoglobin A1C (HBA1C) compared to the control group (P <0.001). Conclusions: Patients having diabetes mellitus exhibited considerably greater levels of DM history fasting glucose levels, postprandial glucose levels, haemoglobin A1C (HBA1C), E/e´ ratio, LVESD, IVCT, and MPI, while having significantly lower EF and ET relative to the healthy group.
背景：在出现收缩功能障碍和无症状心脏之前，糖尿病心肌病始于左心室舒张功能障碍（LVDD）。超声心动图模式用于检测无症状的 2 型糖尿病患者的亚临床左心室损伤。本研究旨在使用几种超声心动图技术识别无症状的二型糖尿病患者的亚临床左心室损伤。方法：在这项前瞻性队列研究中，30 名 18 岁以上的 II 型糖尿病（DM）成人（I 组）和 20 名正常对照组（II 组）接受了研究。对所有人进行了经胸超声心动图检查和 12 导联心电图检查。 研究结果脉冲波多普勒技术显示各组间的透射瓣血流速度存在显著差异，包括室间隔e'、侧二尖瓣环早期血流速度（e'）、室间隔舒张早期峰值血流速度（E）e'、侧Ee'和平均Ee'。第一组的 EF 明显下降（P < 0.001）。II组的室间隔、外侧和二尖瓣环平均收缩期运动（S'）明显大于I组，P值为0.001。I 组的 ET 明显低于 II 组。与对照组相比，研究组的空腹血糖、餐后血糖和血红蛋白 A1C (HBA1C) 水平明显更高（P <0.001）。结论与健康组相比，糖尿病患者的 DM 史空腹血糖水平、餐后血糖水平、血红蛋白 A1C (HBA1C)、E/e´ 比值、左心室舒张功能缺损、IVCT 和 MPI 水平明显更高，而 EF 和 ET 则明显更低。
{"title":"Echocardiographic Detection of Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Asymptomatic Type Two Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Laila Nazmy Shabaan, Mahmoud Abd El Khalek Abou Omar, Mohammed Naseem Hussien, Ekram Sadek Saeed","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2413","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Before systolic dysfunction and symptomatic heart, diabetic cardiomyopathy begins with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). Echocardiographic modalities were used to detect subclinical LV impairment in asymptomatic type 2 diabetics. This study aimed to identify subclinical left ventricular impairment in asymptomatic patients with type two diabetes using several echocardiographic techniques. \u0000Methods: In the present prospective cohort study, 30 adults over 18 having type II diabetes mellitus (DM) (Group I) and 20 normal controls (Group II) were studied. Transthoracic echocardiography and 12-lead ECG were performed on all individuals. \u0000Results: Pulsed wave Doppler techniques revealed significant variation in transmitral flow velocities between groups, including septal e', lateral mitral annulus early velocity (e'), septal early diastolic peak flow velocity (E)e', Lateral Ee', and average Ee'. EF was significantly decreased in group I (P < 0.001). With a p-value of 0.001, LVESD was significantly higher in group I. The septal, lateral, and average systolic mitral annulus (S') motions in group II were significantly larger than those in group I. When comparing groups, I and II, the first showed much longer myocardial performance index (MPI) and isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT). The ET for Group I was significantly lower than that of Group II. The study group exhibited significantly greater levels of fasting blood sugar, post-prandial blood sugar, and haemoglobin A1C (HBA1C) compared to the control group (P <0.001). \u0000Conclusions: Patients having diabetes mellitus exhibited considerably greater levels of DM history fasting glucose levels, postprandial glucose levels, haemoglobin A1C (HBA1C), E/e´ ratio, LVESD, IVCT, and MPI, while having significantly lower EF and ET relative to the healthy group.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2414
O. Moufid, B. Abdalani, I. Abbassi, M. Bouziane, M. Bennouna, R. Habbal
Iatrogenic cardiac injuries are potential complications arising from diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in cardiology, including interventions like cardiac catheterization, coronary angioplasty, and pacemaker implantation [1,2]. Pericardial tamponade can occur, with a prevalence of 0.12%, often requiring urgent intervention such as pericardiocentesis. Patients with chronic pericardial effusion and signs of tamponade may adapt to gradual fluid accumulation, but vigilance for iatrogenic injuries remains crucial. Transthoracic echocardiography aids in rapid diagnosis and guides timely interventions [3]. Therefore, the right ventricular perforation seems to be one of these complications, and it may occur during pericardiocentesis. Surgical approaches for acute tamponades vary, with median sternotomy enabling comprehensive exploration [4]. Echocardiographic monitoring can signal clinical deterioration, necessitating prompt fluid management and early intervention to optimize outcomes. Although, the therapies in right ventricular perforation are variable. In our case, we emphasize about the conservative approach.
{"title":"Rare Case of Right Ventricular Perforation during Pericardiocentesis: A Case Report","authors":"O. Moufid, B. Abdalani, I. Abbassi, M. Bouziane, M. Bennouna, R. Habbal","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2414","url":null,"abstract":"Iatrogenic cardiac injuries are potential complications arising from diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in cardiology, including interventions like cardiac catheterization, coronary angioplasty, and pacemaker implantation [1,2]. Pericardial tamponade can occur, with a prevalence of 0.12%, often requiring urgent intervention such as pericardiocentesis. \u0000Patients with chronic pericardial effusion and signs of tamponade may adapt to gradual fluid accumulation, but vigilance for iatrogenic injuries remains crucial. Transthoracic echocardiography aids in rapid diagnosis and guides timely interventions [3]. Therefore, the right ventricular perforation seems to be one of these complications, and it may occur during pericardiocentesis. \u0000Surgical approaches for acute tamponades vary, with median sternotomy enabling comprehensive exploration [4]. Echocardiographic monitoring can signal clinical deterioration, necessitating prompt fluid management and early intervention to optimize outcomes. Although, the therapies in right ventricular perforation are variable. In our case, we emphasize about the conservative approach.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"31 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2412
K. Munde, Mohan Paliwal, Anant Munde, S. Mutha, H. Kolapkar, A. T. S., J. Niari
Situs inversus with dextrocardia is a rare congenital disorder. There is a rare coincidence of rheumatic severe mitral stenosis in a patient with situs inversus and dextrocardia. Most of these patients undergo surgery due to technical difficulty, here we report a case of a 41-year-old male managed successfully with percutaneous intervention. Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) is feasible in these rare group patient with some additional modifications of the standard Accura balloon technique. Procedure should be carried out under Transthoracic echocardiography (TEE) guidance with surgical team standby in case emergency need of surgery. Despite all the precautions, careful watch on these patients has to be kept during immediate post procedure phase for at least 12 hours for any untoward complication.
{"title":"Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty in a Patient with Situs Inversus with Dextrocardia: A Case Report","authors":"K. Munde, Mohan Paliwal, Anant Munde, S. Mutha, H. Kolapkar, A. T. S., J. Niari","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2412","url":null,"abstract":"Situs inversus with dextrocardia is a rare congenital disorder. There is a rare coincidence of rheumatic severe mitral stenosis in a patient with situs inversus and dextrocardia. Most of these patients undergo surgery due to technical difficulty, here we report a case of a 41-year-old male managed successfully with percutaneous intervention. Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) is feasible in these rare group patient with some additional modifications of the standard Accura balloon technique. Procedure should be carried out under Transthoracic echocardiography (TEE) guidance with surgical team standby in case emergency need of surgery. Despite all the precautions, careful watch on these patients has to be kept during immediate post procedure phase for at least 12 hours for any untoward complication.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2407
S. Senadeera, D. Peiris, D. Fernando, D. U. Kottahachchi, C. B. Ranaweera
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In recent years research has increasingly focused on the interplay between the white blood cells and the development and progression of IHD. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and Monocytes play an important role in the immune system and were found to have dual roles in both protective mechanisms and harmful effects. Neutrophils are traditionally viewed as first responders to tissue injury. Their rapid infiltration aids in the clearance of cellular debris and pathogens, while the release of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators can exacerbate tissue damage. Additionally, neutrophils participate in intercommunication with endothelial cells and platelets, influencing the progression of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Lymphocytes, a key player in adaptive immune response, similarly exhibit a dual role in IHD. Their involvement extends beyond immune surveillance. Monocytes contribute to phagocytosis and tissue repair while some of their actions cause atherosclerotic plaque instability. This review provides an overview of IHD, covering its prevalence, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and the involvement of white blood cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, in the disease process.
{"title":"The Role of Neutrophils, Lymphocytes and Monocytes in Ischemic Heart Disease: Friend or Foe?","authors":"S. Senadeera, D. Peiris, D. Fernando, D. U. Kottahachchi, C. B. Ranaweera","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2407","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In recent years research has increasingly focused on the interplay between the white blood cells and the development and progression of IHD. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and Monocytes play an important role in the immune system and were found to have dual roles in both protective mechanisms and harmful effects. Neutrophils are traditionally viewed as first responders to tissue injury. Their rapid infiltration aids in the clearance of cellular debris and pathogens, while the release of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators can exacerbate tissue damage. Additionally, neutrophils participate in intercommunication with endothelial cells and platelets, influencing the progression of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Lymphocytes, a key player in adaptive immune response, similarly exhibit a dual role in IHD. Their involvement extends beyond immune surveillance. Monocytes contribute to phagocytosis and tissue repair while some of their actions cause atherosclerotic plaque instability. This review provides an overview of IHD, covering its prevalence, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and the involvement of white blood cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, in the disease process.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"52 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140656490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-20DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2406
R. Habbal, Anass Maaroufi, Safia Ouarrak, R. Benmalek, H. Bendahou, Soukaina Zahri, Khawla Chawki, Yasmina Berrada, Safia Zafad, Ghali Benjelloune, Meryem Charkaoui, Nezha Taoufiq
Cardiotoxicity presents a multifaceted challenge with significant implications. Our investigation delving into cardiotoxicity linked with Anthracyclines and Trastuzumab has shed light on these agents as frequent culprits, revealing a spectrum of cardiac complications like heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, QTc prolongation, and arterial and venous thromboses. However, the true prevalence of cardiotoxicity is often underestimated due to delayed effects, patient attrition post-remission, and the emergence of novel therapeutic agents. The collaboration between cardiology and oncology is expanding, encompassing Cardio-Hematology and its impact on conditions like multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphomas. This evolving convergence underscores the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration. The study findings highlight the significance of adhering to guidelines while acknowledging that guidelines should serve as aids rather than substitutes for clinical judgment within multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs). Enhanced by ongoing research, these guidelines serve as instruments empowering clinicians to make well-informed decisions tailored to individual patient needs. Scientific research remains pivotal, guiding progress and offering promise for enhanced outcomes in the global battle against cancer.
{"title":"Real World Experience of the First Cardio-Oncology Unit Implantation in Morocco","authors":"R. Habbal, Anass Maaroufi, Safia Ouarrak, R. Benmalek, H. Bendahou, Soukaina Zahri, Khawla Chawki, Yasmina Berrada, Safia Zafad, Ghali Benjelloune, Meryem Charkaoui, Nezha Taoufiq","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2406","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiotoxicity presents a multifaceted challenge with significant implications. Our investigation delving into cardiotoxicity linked with Anthracyclines and Trastuzumab has shed light on these agents as frequent culprits, revealing a spectrum of cardiac complications like heart failure, arrhythmias, hypertension, QTc prolongation, and arterial and venous thromboses. However, the true prevalence of cardiotoxicity is often underestimated due to delayed effects, patient attrition post-remission, and the emergence of novel therapeutic agents.\u0000The collaboration between cardiology and oncology is expanding, encompassing Cardio-Hematology and its impact on conditions like multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphomas. This evolving convergence underscores the necessity for interdisciplinary collaboration.\u0000The study findings highlight the significance of adhering to guidelines while acknowledging that guidelines should serve as aids rather than substitutes for clinical judgment within multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs). Enhanced by ongoing research, these guidelines serve as instruments empowering clinicians to make well-informed decisions tailored to individual patient needs.\u0000Scientific research remains pivotal, guiding progress and offering promise for enhanced outcomes in the global battle against cancer.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140681592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2405
C. Nwafor, Crown Clement
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease globally. Office blood pressure (OBP) is standard, but Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) offers more comprehensive assessment, yet is underutilized in southern Nigeria. Therefore, this study aims to systematically evaluate the blood pressure variables (BPV) using ABPM in a diverse group of people in south-south Nigeria. Methods: Gender distribution and age categories were noted. ABPM variables, like average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR), were measured during wake and sleep. Analysis identified gender and age-related ABPM differences. Results: There were more males than females (55% vs 45%). The study revealed significant differences in blood pressure measurements between genders and age group during wake and sleep periods. During wake, males had higher systolic and diastolic BP. The mean systolic blood pressure was 135.3 mmHg ± 14.3 and 131.4 mmHg ± 14.5 for males and females, respectively (p value = 0<0.001). During sleep, females exhibited lower diastolic blood pressure compared to males (73.5 mmHg ± 10.4 vs. 76.0 mmHg ± 10.9) (p value = 0.002). Age-related variations were observed, with older individuals (>60 years) showing higher average systolic BP compared to other age groups during wake (135.1 ±15.8) and sleep (129.4 ±18.01) periods (p = 0.0083, p = 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion This study contributes to our understanding of the evolving trends in day and night ABPM variables among patients in South-South Nigeria. The findings show the importance of comprehensive cardiovascular assessments to accurately evaluate and manage cardiovascular health in diverse patient populations.
{"title":"Diurnal BP Variations among Gender and Age Groups in 1000 Patients in a Cardiac Facility in The South-South Region of Nigeria","authors":"C. Nwafor, Crown Clement","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2405","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease globally. Office blood pressure (OBP) is standard, but Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) offers more comprehensive assessment, yet is underutilized in southern Nigeria. Therefore, this study aims to systematically evaluate the blood pressure variables (BPV) using ABPM in a diverse group of people in south-south Nigeria.\u0000Methods: Gender distribution and age categories were noted. ABPM variables, like average systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR), were measured during wake and sleep. Analysis identified gender and age-related ABPM differences.\u0000Results: There were more males than females (55% vs 45%). The study revealed significant differences in blood pressure measurements between genders and age group during wake and sleep periods. During wake, males had higher systolic and diastolic BP. The mean systolic blood pressure was 135.3 mmHg ± 14.3 and 131.4 mmHg ± 14.5 for males and females, respectively (p value = 0<0.001). During sleep, females exhibited lower diastolic blood pressure compared to males (73.5 mmHg ± 10.4 vs. 76.0 mmHg ± 10.9) (p value = 0.002). Age-related variations were observed, with older individuals (>60 years) showing higher average systolic BP compared to other age groups during wake (135.1 ±15.8) and sleep (129.4 ±18.01) periods (p = 0.0083, p = 0.0001, respectively).\u0000Conclusion This study contributes to our understanding of the evolving trends in day and night ABPM variables among patients in South-South Nigeria. The findings show the importance of comprehensive cardiovascular assessments to accurately evaluate and manage cardiovascular health in diverse patient populations.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2404
C. Nwafor, Crown Clement
Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a significant public health concern worldwide, including Nigeria, with its prevalence steadily rising. Although HTN has historically been associated with older adults, studies have revealed an increasing frequency of the condition in younger adults. This presents unique challenges and implications for long-term health outcomes. In Nigeria, HTN in young individuals is a problem that receives little attention because it is still mistakenly thought of as an illness that only affects the elderly. To dispel this myth, this study aims to identify hypertensive young persons and to investigate the levels and patterns of hypertension in young adults utilizing ABPM in southern Nigeria. Method: A retrospective study was conducted among young adults aged 18-39 in Southern Nigeria. Participants underwent ABPM to assess their BP levels and patterns over 24 hours. Demographic data, lifestyle factors, and medical history were also collected. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were employed to analyze the data. Results: This study consisted of 111 participants, 53.2% males and 46.8% females, with a mean age of 32.9 years. Tobacco consumption was reported by 10% of respondents, while 43.2% reported alcohol consumption. Significant differences in blood pressure parameters between genders were observed during the wake period, with males showing higher average systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. During sleep, males exhibited higher average systolic and mean arterial pressures, but lower average heart rate compared to females. Good BP control was observed in 48.65% of participants, with the majority exhibiting a non-dipping pattern (48.65%) followed by good dipping (36.04%). Masked hypertension, white coat hypertension, and anxiety-related BP were observed in 1%, 1.80%, and 4.50% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed a majority with good blood pressure control, yet a substantial portion exhibited sub-optimal control, emphasizing the continued need for vigilance and interventions in cardiovascular health. Therefore, health practitioners should prioritize raising awareness of hypertension in young adults and promoting early lifestyle changes to mitigate future risks.
{"title":"Blood Pressure Pattern among Young Adults Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in South-South Nigeria","authors":"C. Nwafor, Crown Clement","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2404","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a significant public health concern worldwide, including Nigeria, with its prevalence steadily rising. Although HTN has historically been associated with older adults, studies have revealed an increasing frequency of the condition in younger adults. This presents unique challenges and implications for long-term health outcomes. In Nigeria, HTN in young individuals is a problem that receives little attention because it is still mistakenly thought of as an illness that only affects the elderly. To dispel this myth, this study aims to identify hypertensive young persons and to investigate the levels and patterns of hypertension in young adults utilizing ABPM in southern Nigeria. \u0000Method: A retrospective study was conducted among young adults aged 18-39 in Southern Nigeria. Participants underwent ABPM to assess their BP levels and patterns over 24 hours. Demographic data, lifestyle factors, and medical history were also collected. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis were employed to analyze the data. \u0000Results: This study consisted of 111 participants, 53.2% males and 46.8% females, with a mean age of 32.9 years. Tobacco consumption was reported by 10% of respondents, while 43.2% reported alcohol consumption. Significant differences in blood pressure parameters between genders were observed during the wake period, with males showing higher average systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. During sleep, males exhibited higher average systolic and mean arterial pressures, but lower average heart rate compared to females. Good BP control was observed in 48.65% of participants, with the majority exhibiting a non-dipping pattern (48.65%) followed by good dipping (36.04%). Masked hypertension, white coat hypertension, and anxiety-related BP were observed in 1%, 1.80%, and 4.50% of cases, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The study revealed a majority with good blood pressure control, yet a substantial portion exhibited sub-optimal control, emphasizing the continued need for vigilance and interventions in cardiovascular health. Therefore, health practitioners should prioritize raising awareness of hypertension in young adults and promoting early lifestyle changes to mitigate future risks.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-13DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2402
M. M. Hakeem, N. Rehman, Madhukar H.M, H.S Natraj Setty
Background: Stroke, a leading cause of brain tissue damage, presents a significant health concern globally. Cryptogenic stroke (CS), with an unclear origin, poses diagnostic challenges, with the patent foramen ovale (PFO) implicated in some cases. This study aims to investigate PFO prevalence in North India among patients with cryptogenic stroke, addressing current research gaps. Objective: To assess PFO occurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) using Echocardiography. Methods & Results: This preliminary study analyzed PFO prevalence in patients with CS and TIA from February 2020 to November 2021, involving 25 participants. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were employed. Key findings include a mean age of 44.80±9.13 years, 64% men, and 36% women. Ischemic stroke accounted for 72% of cases, while TIA represented 28%. PFO prevalence was 44%, with no significant gender-PFO association. No correlations were found between stroke type and PFO presence, nor were comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes observed. Conclusion: The study highlights a clinically significant distribution of PFO presence but no notable association between stroke type and PFO presence. These findings contribute to understanding PFO's role in cryptogenic stroke and have implications for clinical practice.
{"title":"Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) in Patients of Cryptogenic Stroke AND Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): A Real World Experience","authors":"M. M. Hakeem, N. Rehman, Madhukar H.M, H.S Natraj Setty","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2402","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke, a leading cause of brain tissue damage, presents a significant health concern globally. Cryptogenic stroke (CS), with an unclear origin, poses diagnostic challenges, with the patent foramen ovale (PFO) implicated in some cases. This study aims to investigate PFO prevalence in North India among patients with cryptogenic stroke, addressing current research gaps. \u0000Objective: To assess PFO occurrence in patients with cryptogenic stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) using Echocardiography. \u0000Methods & Results: This preliminary study analyzed PFO prevalence in patients with CS and TIA from February 2020 to November 2021, involving 25 participants. Descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test were employed. Key findings include a mean age of 44.80±9.13 years, 64% men, and 36% women. Ischemic stroke accounted for 72% of cases, while TIA represented 28%. PFO prevalence was 44%, with no significant gender-PFO association. No correlations were found between stroke type and PFO presence, nor were comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes observed. \u0000Conclusion: The study highlights a clinically significant distribution of PFO presence but no notable association between stroke type and PFO presence. These findings contribute to understanding PFO's role in cryptogenic stroke and have implications for clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-13DOI: 10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2403
P. M. Mulendelé, M.S Bettar, M. Njie, M. Charfo, B. E. Ovaga, M. Bouziane, M. Haboub, S. Arous, M. Benouna, A. Drighil, R. Habbal
Vasospastic angina (VSA), initially described by Prinzmetal as a form of angina occurring at rest, in the second part of the night and associated with transient changes in repolarization such as ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. The phenomenon of coronary spasm can occur in patients with or without coronary atherosclerosis. It can be focal or diffuse in one or more epicardial arteries. Its incidence is unknown and highly dependent on the population studied, with higher rates in Asian populations. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been put forward to explain its occurrence, in particular endothelial dysfunction and hyperreactivity of smooth muscle cells related to damage to Rhokinase. Increased sympathetic nerve activity at night has shown to be involved in the mechanism underlying multivessel coronary spasm and predisposing genetic factors. Diagnosis can be easily establish using Coronary Artery Vasospastic Disorders Summit diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina; adapted from Beltrame et al. VSA is one of the main aetiologies of MINOCA as stipulated in the last guidelines of ESC on ACS. Management of vasospastic angina is well codified based on lifestyle changes, established pharmacological therapies, control of risk factors, avoidance of triggering factors and possibly the use of percutaneous coronary intervention in cases of associated obstructive coronary artery disease, or an automatic implantable defibrillator.
{"title":"Vasospastic Angina: The Journey to Understanding and Easy Management","authors":"P. M. Mulendelé, M.S Bettar, M. Njie, M. Charfo, B. E. Ovaga, M. Bouziane, M. Haboub, S. Arous, M. Benouna, A. Drighil, R. Habbal","doi":"10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ca/2024/v13i2403","url":null,"abstract":"Vasospastic angina (VSA), initially described by Prinzmetal as a form of angina occurring at rest, in the second part of the night and associated with transient changes in repolarization such as ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. The phenomenon of coronary spasm can occur in patients with or without coronary atherosclerosis. It can be focal or diffuse in one or more epicardial arteries. Its incidence is unknown and highly dependent on the population studied, with higher rates in Asian populations. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been put forward to explain its occurrence, in particular endothelial dysfunction and hyperreactivity of smooth muscle cells related to damage to Rhokinase. Increased sympathetic nerve activity at night has shown to be involved in the mechanism underlying multivessel coronary spasm and predisposing genetic factors. Diagnosis can be easily establish using Coronary Artery Vasospastic Disorders Summit diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina; adapted from Beltrame et al. VSA is one of the main aetiologies of MINOCA as stipulated in the last guidelines of ESC on ACS. Management of vasospastic angina is well codified based on lifestyle changes, established pharmacological therapies, control of risk factors, avoidance of triggering factors and possibly the use of percutaneous coronary intervention in cases of associated obstructive coronary artery disease, or an automatic implantable defibrillator.","PeriodicalId":431606,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology and Angiology: An International Journal","volume":"92 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140706885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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