The influence of wearing orthodontic appliances on visual attention to smiling faces is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate how laypeople viewed a frontal posed smiling face with orthodontic appliances compared with orthodontists. Frontal posed smiling facial photographs of 10 female models without an appliance or wearing clear tray, ceramic, or metal appliances were taken, and areas of interest (AOIs) for the eyes, nose, and mouth were determined. Visual attention from 43 laypeople and 42 orthodontists was evaluated for each image using an eye-tracking system. Total fixation time for each AOI was calculated and analyzed by three-way repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison tests (P < 0.05). The layperson group spent significantly more time looking at the mouth with ceramic and metal brackets than without brackets, similar to the orthodontist group (P < 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Though the orthodontist group spent significantly more time looking at the mouth with metal brackets than the mouth with ceramic brackets (P < 0.040), no significant difference was noted in the layperson group. Under all appliance conditions, the layperson group spent significantly more and less time looking at the eyes and mouth than the orthodontist group, respectively (P < 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). These findings suggest that it may help patients who will start orthodontic treatment to understand an individual’s interest in the appearance of the orthodontic appliance, and orthodontists to counsel patients at the orthodontic appliance selection stage during the diagnosis.
Patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies often require orthodontic treatment to correct malocclusion. Numerous case reports about craniofacial anomalies have been published, but for many syndromic diseases the pathology of malocclusion and/or solutions for it remain elusive. In this study, we investigated craniofacial features as well as orthodontic treatment outcomes of patients with glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS), which is an autosomal dominant genetic disease. Cross sectional study was performed using 9 GLUT1-DS patients, aged from 8 to 49 years old. All of the participants underwent intraoral and radiographic examinations. Lateral cephalogram measurement was performed for investigating possible craniofacial features in GLUT1-DS patients. Most of them showed skeletal discrepancy with large overjet. Some patients had a history of trauma to their maxillary incisor(s). In order to correct the patients’ malocclusion, we employed conventional orthodontic appliances and obtained good treatment outcomes. Based on these results, we summarized features associated with the deficiency of GLUT1-DS and also showed the benefit of correcting the malocclusion using conventional orthodontic procedures. Through this report, we showed the craniofacial characteristics and malocclusion of the GLUT1-DS patient which could be treated with conventional orthodontic approach.
By using three-dimensional (3-D) CT imaging, the maxillofacial bones and muscles can be observed from any desired angles and analyzed the bone and muscles simultaneously. However, no studies have investigated the three dimensional analysis of muscles in jaw deformity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the morphology of the masticatory muscles and the craniofacial skeleton in the patients with facial asynmetry.
Eight Japanese normal female adults and 10 female adult patients with laterognqthism were participated in this study. The 3-D CT images of their craniofacial skeleton and masseter, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid muscles were recon-structed. Then, 6 skeletal and 7 muscle variables were measured for each subject.
Significant positive correlations were found among the volume of the masti-catory muscles in the normal adults, but not found in patients with mandibular laterognathism. The muscular variables showed significant positive correlations with skeletal variables in normal subjects, but few significant correlations were found in the patients with laterognathism.
This study suggestted that the balance between masticatory muscles and the balance between muscles and skeleton collapsed in the patients with mandibu-lar laterognathism.
Dental anomalies of form, such as gemination and fusion, are conditions rarely observed in the permanent dentition. Multiple anomalies of form are seldom found in one patient. This report describes the rare case of a 9-year-old boy with two dental anomalies, a geminated maxillary right central incisor and a fused maxillary left central incisor. The treatment plan included extraction of the geminated central incisor, and endodontic treatment and surgical separation of the fused central incisor. The correction of the smile was obtained by orthodontic movement of the mesial half of the fused tooth through the midpalatal suture and subsequent aesthetic and prosthetic rehabilitation procedures. A multidisciplinary approach was essential for the proper planning of complex cases to achieve the best result.
To determine whether pre-treatment orthodontic case complexities were associated with their treatment outcomes in each category of malocclusion.
Two hundred orthodontic cases treated with edgewise appliances from university clinic that satisfied requirements for the certification were studied. The Discrepancy Index (DI) and the Objective Grading System (OGS) were calculated. The relationship between these measurements was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
The mean DI score was 23.67 ± 10.30, and the mean OGS score was 19.92 ± 6.92. Statistically, there was only a weak and insignificant correlation between the DI and OGS (r = 0.055, p > 0.05). Buccolingual inclinations and interproximal contacts were components that had the highest and lowest mean OGS scores respectively.
Malocclusion complexity was not associated with orthodontic treatment outcomes. Cases which underwent two-phase treatment were found to have the most complex pre-treatment malocclusion and also the most unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The OGS component with the highest discrepancies was buccolingual inclinations.
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