Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933468
George Poulios, K. Tsagkaris, P. Demestichas, Abdoulaye Tall, Z. Altman, C. Destré
This paper presents the study of the relationship between Autonomic Network Management (ANM) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) under the prism of Long Term Evolution (LTE) Self-Organizing Networks (SONs). The ANM and SDN paradigms, besides sharing a few common goals, have shown to be complementary to each other in terms of level of abstractions and expectations. In particular, we consider the Unified Management Framework (UMF) introduced in the FP7 UNIVERSELF project, which focuses on higher level self-* functionality, often assuming as given a fictional adaptation layer between such autonomics and the managed infrastructure. On the other hand, SDN architectures provide by design a uniform control substrate for the programmatic management of network resources through vendor-agnostic APIs. However, despite the popularity of flow-based control in core networks and data centers, a similar widely-adopted abstraction to that of the "flow" have yet to be defined for radio access and SONs. In this work we propose such a novel abstraction layer designed to realize SON programmability. The prototype Autonomic SDN (AutoSDN) controller has been integrated with UMF to self-optimize an LTE-Advanced heterogeneous network, enabling SON functions to be provided by 3rd parties and to be hot-plugged into the network.
{"title":"Autonomics and SDN for self-organizing networks","authors":"George Poulios, K. Tsagkaris, P. Demestichas, Abdoulaye Tall, Z. Altman, C. Destré","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933468","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the study of the relationship between Autonomic Network Management (ANM) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) under the prism of Long Term Evolution (LTE) Self-Organizing Networks (SONs). The ANM and SDN paradigms, besides sharing a few common goals, have shown to be complementary to each other in terms of level of abstractions and expectations. In particular, we consider the Unified Management Framework (UMF) introduced in the FP7 UNIVERSELF project, which focuses on higher level self-* functionality, often assuming as given a fictional adaptation layer between such autonomics and the managed infrastructure. On the other hand, SDN architectures provide by design a uniform control substrate for the programmatic management of network resources through vendor-agnostic APIs. However, despite the popularity of flow-based control in core networks and data centers, a similar widely-adopted abstraction to that of the \"flow\" have yet to be defined for radio access and SONs. In this work we propose such a novel abstraction layer designed to realize SON programmability. The prototype Autonomic SDN (AutoSDN) controller has been integrated with UMF to self-optimize an LTE-Advanced heterogeneous network, enabling SON functions to be provided by 3rd parties and to be hot-plugged into the network.","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933441
K. Ohno, M. Itami, T. Ikegami
This paper discusses the primary systems detection technique for the OFDM system to share the spectrum among several radio systems such as UWB and other narrow band systems. In the iterative detection scheme, the received signals are assumed to be sum of the sinusoidal signals, and the coefficients of the sinusoidal signal to be minimized the error function by using Newton method. The detected amplitude is compared with the threshold value to detect usage of the primary systems. And frequency band of the primary systems also can be detected. However the calculation amounts are increased since iterative procedures are utilized. In this paper, the number of iterations for Newton method and the sine signal detection is considered to reduce the calculation amounts. The error of the coefficients estimation, miss-Detection Error Rate (DER) and False Alarm Rate (FAR) are evaluated and the performances are compared with the conventional technique using FFT.
{"title":"Iterative primary systems detection and complexity reduction for spectrum sharing technique","authors":"K. Ohno, M. Itami, T. Ikegami","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933441","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the primary systems detection technique for the OFDM system to share the spectrum among several radio systems such as UWB and other narrow band systems. In the iterative detection scheme, the received signals are assumed to be sum of the sinusoidal signals, and the coefficients of the sinusoidal signal to be minimized the error function by using Newton method. The detected amplitude is compared with the threshold value to detect usage of the primary systems. And frequency band of the primary systems also can be detected. However the calculation amounts are increased since iterative procedures are utilized. In this paper, the number of iterations for Newton method and the sine signal detection is considered to reduce the calculation amounts. The error of the coefficients estimation, miss-Detection Error Rate (DER) and False Alarm Rate (FAR) are evaluated and the performances are compared with the conventional technique using FFT.","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132050657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933396
Z. Altman, M. Amirijoo, F. Gunnarsson, Hendrik Hoffmann, I. Kovács, D. Laselva, Bart Sas, K. Spaey, Abdoulaye Tall, H. V. D. Berg, K. Zetterberg
With an increasing number of SON functions deployed in cellular radio networks, conflicts between the actions proposed by independently-designed and distributed SON functions may arise. The process of minimizing the occurrence, and the consequences, of such conflicts is referred to as SON coordination. SON coordination can be achieved either by a separate entity, a SON coordinator, controlling the actions of each SON function during operation, or in the design of the SON functions as such, through a conflict free SON design. In both cases, the SON functions should be designed in a way compliant with the coordination method used. This paper proposes a number of SON design principles to apply in order to achieve this. In the case of an operational SON coordinator, SON functions should be able to deal with the possible actions that are taken by the SON coordination function in order not to worsen the problems experienced in the network. In the case of conflict free SON design the aim is at removing potential conflicts already in the design phase. The ambition of this paper is not to provide a complete set of design guidelines that address all aspects. Instead, the target is to open up the discussion on the distributed SON design principles in the community.
{"title":"On design principles for self-organizing network functions","authors":"Z. Altman, M. Amirijoo, F. Gunnarsson, Hendrik Hoffmann, I. Kovács, D. Laselva, Bart Sas, K. Spaey, Abdoulaye Tall, H. V. D. Berg, K. Zetterberg","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933396","url":null,"abstract":"With an increasing number of SON functions deployed in cellular radio networks, conflicts between the actions proposed by independently-designed and distributed SON functions may arise. The process of minimizing the occurrence, and the consequences, of such conflicts is referred to as SON coordination. SON coordination can be achieved either by a separate entity, a SON coordinator, controlling the actions of each SON function during operation, or in the design of the SON functions as such, through a conflict free SON design. In both cases, the SON functions should be designed in a way compliant with the coordination method used. This paper proposes a number of SON design principles to apply in order to achieve this. In the case of an operational SON coordinator, SON functions should be able to deal with the possible actions that are taken by the SON coordination function in order not to worsen the problems experienced in the network. In the case of conflict free SON design the aim is at removing potential conflicts already in the design phase. The ambition of this paper is not to provide a complete set of design guidelines that address all aspects. Instead, the target is to open up the discussion on the distributed SON design principles in the community.","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132397690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933327
Carlos A. Guzman-Medina, M. E. Rivero-Angeles, G. Rubino
WSNs are complex systems that are mainly limited by the battery life of the nodes in order to have an adequate performance. In most cases, it is possible to have a re-deployment of new nodes in order to prolong the systems lifetime. This leads to a situation where some nodes have a low energy level while other nodes (the majority of nodes instants after the re-deployment procedure) have high energy levels. In this environments, it is clear that ancient nodes, those with low energy level, have to contend for the shared medium against the majority of high energy nodes. As such, the remaining battery life of low energy nodes would be rapidly consumed. In this paper, we propose to extend the battery life of low energy nodes by means of assigning prioritized access to the shared channel to those nodes in order to content among a low population of such nodes, while delaying the contention access of high energy nodes which can support higher number of collisions before energy depletion. This is done by studying two different transmission strategies referred to as “hard” and “soft” transmission probabilities. Results show that, a soft transmission strategy achieves better results in terms of reduced energy consumption than both the conventional protocol or a hard transmission assignment.
{"title":"Residual energy-based transmission schemes for event reporting wireless sensor networks","authors":"Carlos A. Guzman-Medina, M. E. Rivero-Angeles, G. Rubino","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933327","url":null,"abstract":"WSNs are complex systems that are mainly limited by the battery life of the nodes in order to have an adequate performance. In most cases, it is possible to have a re-deployment of new nodes in order to prolong the systems lifetime. This leads to a situation where some nodes have a low energy level while other nodes (the majority of nodes instants after the re-deployment procedure) have high energy levels. In this environments, it is clear that ancient nodes, those with low energy level, have to contend for the shared medium against the majority of high energy nodes. As such, the remaining battery life of low energy nodes would be rapidly consumed. In this paper, we propose to extend the battery life of low energy nodes by means of assigning prioritized access to the shared channel to those nodes in order to content among a low population of such nodes, while delaying the contention access of high energy nodes which can support higher number of collisions before energy depletion. This is done by studying two different transmission strategies referred to as “hard” and “soft” transmission probabilities. Results show that, a soft transmission strategy achieves better results in terms of reduced energy consumption than both the conventional protocol or a hard transmission assignment.","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114219309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933404
Marwa El Hefnawy, G. Dietl, G. Kramer
Spectral shaping is applied to Faster-Than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling to improve information rates. Under a transmit power constraint, the best shape is an inverse filter but for root raised cosine pulses this requires infinite power at the shaper input. Both input and output power constraints at the shaper are thus proposed as a solution to maximize the information rate while still guaranteeing practicality.
{"title":"Spectral shaping for faster-than-Nyquist signaling","authors":"Marwa El Hefnawy, G. Dietl, G. Kramer","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933404","url":null,"abstract":"Spectral shaping is applied to Faster-Than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling to improve information rates. Under a transmit power constraint, the best shape is an inverse filter but for root raised cosine pulses this requires infinite power at the shaper input. Both input and output power constraints at the shaper are thus proposed as a solution to maximize the information rate while still guaranteeing practicality.","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123207221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933448
R. Ajgou, S. Sbaa, S. Ghendir, A. Chamsa, A. Taleb-Ahmed
A remote text-independent automatic speaker recognition system has been proposed for communication channel in VoIP applications. The proposed system employs a robust speech feature that uses an efficient speech activity detection algorithm and GMM model. Mel-Frequency Cepstral coefficient (MFCC) is a very useful feature for speech processing in clean conditions but it deteriorates in the presence of noise. Feature extraction framework based on the well known MFCC and autoregressive model (AR) features has been proposed. TIMIT database with speech from 630 speakers has been used in Matlab simulation. The first four utterances for each speaker could be defined as the training set while 1 utterance as the test set. The use of AR-MFCC approach has provided significant improvements in identification rate accuracy when compared with MFCC in noisy environment. However, in terms of runtime, AR-MFCC requires more time to execute than MFCC.
{"title":"Robust remote speaker recognition system based on AR-MFCC features and efficient speech activity detection algorithm","authors":"R. Ajgou, S. Sbaa, S. Ghendir, A. Chamsa, A. Taleb-Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933448","url":null,"abstract":"A remote text-independent automatic speaker recognition system has been proposed for communication channel in VoIP applications. The proposed system employs a robust speech feature that uses an efficient speech activity detection algorithm and GMM model. Mel-Frequency Cepstral coefficient (MFCC) is a very useful feature for speech processing in clean conditions but it deteriorates in the presence of noise. Feature extraction framework based on the well known MFCC and autoregressive model (AR) features has been proposed. TIMIT database with speech from 630 speakers has been used in Matlab simulation. The first four utterances for each speaker could be defined as the training set while 1 utterance as the test set. The use of AR-MFCC approach has provided significant improvements in identification rate accuracy when compared with MFCC in noisy environment. However, in terms of runtime, AR-MFCC requires more time to execute than MFCC.","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123605326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933319
Yo‐Sheng Lin, Guo-Hao Li
A W-band double-balanced down-conversion mixer for automotive radars using standard 90 nm CMOS technology is reported. The mixer comprises a double-balanced Gilbert cell with inductive source-degeneration RF transconductance stage for RF-port input matching bandwidth and conversion gain (CG) enhancement, a Marchand balun for converting the single RF input signal to differential signal, a Marchand balun for converting the single LO input signal to differential signal, and a baseband amplifier. The mixer consumes 13 mW and achieves excellent RF-port input reflection coefficient of -13.1~ -19.4 dB and LO-port input reflection coefficient of -9.1~ -11.8 dB for frequencies of 75~85 GHz. In addition, for frequencies of 75~85 GHz, the mixer achieves CG of -1~1.5 dB, LO-RF isolation of 43.5~49.2 dB, LO-IF isolation of 56.5~64.5 dB and RF-IF isolation of 35.9~39.4 dB, one of the best CG and port-to-port isolation results ever reported for a CMOS down-conversion mixer with operation frequency around 80 GHz.
{"title":"A W-band down-conversion mixer in 90 nm CMOS with excellent matching and port-to-port isolation for automotive radars","authors":"Yo‐Sheng Lin, Guo-Hao Li","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933319","url":null,"abstract":"A W-band double-balanced down-conversion mixer for automotive radars using standard 90 nm CMOS technology is reported. The mixer comprises a double-balanced Gilbert cell with inductive source-degeneration RF transconductance stage for RF-port input matching bandwidth and conversion gain (CG) enhancement, a Marchand balun for converting the single RF input signal to differential signal, a Marchand balun for converting the single LO input signal to differential signal, and a baseband amplifier. The mixer consumes 13 mW and achieves excellent RF-port input reflection coefficient of -13.1~ -19.4 dB and LO-port input reflection coefficient of -9.1~ -11.8 dB for frequencies of 75~85 GHz. In addition, for frequencies of 75~85 GHz, the mixer achieves CG of -1~1.5 dB, LO-RF isolation of 43.5~49.2 dB, LO-IF isolation of 56.5~64.5 dB and RF-IF isolation of 35.9~39.4 dB, one of the best CG and port-to-port isolation results ever reported for a CMOS down-conversion mixer with operation frequency around 80 GHz.","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121761003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933362
Krzysztof Cichon, Adrian Kliks
The problem of efficient hardware implementation of a reliable spectrum sensing method is crucial for the practical realization of the cognitive radio terminal. This paper analyses the influence of various hardware implementation issues on the performance of the sequential energy-detection-based spectrum sensing algorithm. In particular, the necessity of noise inclusion in noise variance estimation is discussed. Furthermore, based on the experiments conducted with the USRP N210 board used for the detection of a wireless microphone, the impact of numerous unwanted phenomena on the reliability of the spectrum sensing algorithm is also presented. It has been stated that such effects can influence not only noise-power dependent methods, but also the algorithms of other classes.
{"title":"The impact of hardware implementation on the performance of spectrum sensing algorithms","authors":"Krzysztof Cichon, Adrian Kliks","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933362","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of efficient hardware implementation of a reliable spectrum sensing method is crucial for the practical realization of the cognitive radio terminal. This paper analyses the influence of various hardware implementation issues on the performance of the sequential energy-detection-based spectrum sensing algorithm. In particular, the necessity of noise inclusion in noise variance estimation is discussed. Furthermore, based on the experiments conducted with the USRP N210 board used for the detection of a wireless microphone, the impact of numerous unwanted phenomena on the reliability of the spectrum sensing algorithm is also presented. It has been stated that such effects can influence not only noise-power dependent methods, but also the algorithms of other classes.","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127494207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933420
E. Schlosser, R. Farias, M. Heckler, Renato B. Machado
This paper presents the application of optimization methods for the synthesis of a linear array for communication systems. By means of suitably beam switching, the array should provide coverage of a given angular area in azimuth and should allow controlling the sidelobe level simultaneously. For this purpose, two optimization methods have been used to calculate the excitation coefficient for each desired beam. The synthesis technique is demonstrated for arrays composed of isotropic and microstrip elements. By comparing the results obtained for both arrays, the need of consideration of the array element pattern during the synthesis process is demonstrated.
{"title":"Optimization of switched-beam arrays for communication systems","authors":"E. Schlosser, R. Farias, M. Heckler, Renato B. Machado","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933420","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of optimization methods for the synthesis of a linear array for communication systems. By means of suitably beam switching, the array should provide coverage of a given angular area in azimuth and should allow controlling the sidelobe level simultaneously. For this purpose, two optimization methods have been used to calculate the excitation coefficient for each desired beam. The synthesis technique is demonstrated for arrays composed of isotropic and microstrip elements. By comparing the results obtained for both arrays, the need of consideration of the array element pattern during the synthesis process is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121072301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-23DOI: 10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933475
P. Pinto, A. Pinto, M. Ricardo
Real-time monitoring applications deployed in Low-power and Lossy Networks may generate flows sensitive to delay, where the information is useful for the destination only if it is received within a strict delay boundary. Data packets that will likely miss the application deadline could be discarded during their routing through the network or even be not transmitted at all, thus contributing for a better usage of the network resources. This paper presents RA-EEDEM, a set of modifications made to RPL that improve the End-to-End Delay (EED) estimation accuracy. The RA-EEDEM modifications include changes to the RPL metrics and to its Objective Function (OF). The results show that RA-EEDEM improves the accuracy of EED estimation while minimizing its impact on the average EED and Packet Reception Ratio (PRR).
{"title":"RPL modifications to improve the end-to-end delay estimation in WSN","authors":"P. Pinto, A. Pinto, M. Ricardo","doi":"10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2014.6933475","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time monitoring applications deployed in Low-power and Lossy Networks may generate flows sensitive to delay, where the information is useful for the destination only if it is received within a strict delay boundary. Data packets that will likely miss the application deadline could be discarded during their routing through the network or even be not transmitted at all, thus contributing for a better usage of the network resources. This paper presents RA-EEDEM, a set of modifications made to RPL that improve the End-to-End Delay (EED) estimation accuracy. The RA-EEDEM modifications include changes to the RPL metrics and to its Objective Function (OF). The results show that RA-EEDEM improves the accuracy of EED estimation while minimizing its impact on the average EED and Packet Reception Ratio (PRR).","PeriodicalId":431852,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th International Symposium on Wireless Communications Systems (ISWCS)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126891397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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