Pub Date : 2016-10-09DOI: 10.1163/22134522-12340065
Lee Mordechai
{"title":"Antioch in the Sixth Century: Resilience or Vulnerability?","authors":"Lee Mordechai","doi":"10.1163/22134522-12340065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115727742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-09DOI: 10.1163/22134522-12340067
Inga Labuhn, Martin Finné, A. Izdebski, N. Roberts, J. Woodbridge
Many events and developments in human history have been suspected to be, at least partly, influenced by climate and environmental changes. In order to investigate climate impacts on societies, reli ...
{"title":"Climatic Changes and Their Impacts in the Mediterranean during the First Millennium AD","authors":"Inga Labuhn, Martin Finné, A. Izdebski, N. Roberts, J. Woodbridge","doi":"10.1163/22134522-12340067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340067","url":null,"abstract":"Many events and developments in human history have been suspected to be, at least partly, influenced by climate and environmental changes. In order to investigate climate impacts on societies, reli ...","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124110227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-09DOI: 10.1163/9789004392083_014
J. Haldon
{"title":"Some Thoughts on Climate Change, Local Environment, and Grain Production in Byzantine Northern Anatolia","authors":"J. Haldon","doi":"10.1163/9789004392083_014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004392083_014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125622596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-03DOI: 10.1163/22134522-12340050
Lucas McMahon, Abigail M. Sargent
{"title":"The Environmental History of the Late Antique Eastern Mediterranean: a Bibliographic Essay","authors":"Lucas McMahon, Abigail M. Sargent","doi":"10.1163/22134522-12340050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"35 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116646952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-03DOI: 10.1163/22134522-12340058
L. Peña-Chocarro, Almudena Orejas Saco del Valle, Y. C. Marco, S. Pérez‐Díaz, J. López‐Sáez, Carmen Fernández Ochoa
The exceptional preservation of organic remains in a well-reservoir at the site of La Tabacalera (Asturias, Spain) is the subject of an interdisciplinary study regarding past human-environmental interaction. The feature, dated to Late Antiquity, corresponds to a large well containing a wide range of organic material (animal bones, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs ( NPP s), mites, seeds, wood and wooden artefacts, etc.). This article examines both plant micro (pollen and NPP s) and macro-remains (seeds and wood) dated between the late 5th–8th c. AD . The palynological evidence suggests that the structure investigated was colonised by different species dominated by ivy, while the surrounding anthropised area was characterised by the presence of open areas, probably occupied by meadows and pastures. A mixed deciduous forest was also present not far from the site. The abundant plant macro-remains include the presence of water-loving woody species, which inform us about the vegetation growing around the well-reservoir. The seed record comprises cultivated plants, and a wide range of wild species typical of humid environments. Among the remains there are also some wooden artefacts. Plant remains have provided significant information, not only to reconstruct the landscape around the site, but also on the formation of the feature’s backfill. Moreover, the remains offer us information regarding objects of daily life and the maintenance of the feature.
{"title":"Late Antique Environment and Economy in the North of the Iberian Peninsula: The Site of La Tabacalera (Asturias, Spain)","authors":"L. Peña-Chocarro, Almudena Orejas Saco del Valle, Y. C. Marco, S. Pérez‐Díaz, J. López‐Sáez, Carmen Fernández Ochoa","doi":"10.1163/22134522-12340058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340058","url":null,"abstract":"The exceptional preservation of organic remains in a well-reservoir at the site of La Tabacalera (Asturias, Spain) is the subject of an interdisciplinary study regarding past human-environmental interaction. The feature, dated to Late Antiquity, corresponds to a large well containing a wide range of organic material (animal bones, pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs ( NPP s), mites, seeds, wood and wooden artefacts, etc.). This article examines both plant micro (pollen and NPP s) and macro-remains (seeds and wood) dated between the late 5th–8th c. AD . The palynological evidence suggests that the structure investigated was colonised by different species dominated by ivy, while the surrounding anthropised area was characterised by the presence of open areas, probably occupied by meadows and pastures. A mixed deciduous forest was also present not far from the site. The abundant plant macro-remains include the presence of water-loving woody species, which inform us about the vegetation growing around the well-reservoir. The seed record comprises cultivated plants, and a wide range of wild species typical of humid environments. Among the remains there are also some wooden artefacts. Plant remains have provided significant information, not only to reconstruct the landscape around the site, but also on the formation of the feature’s backfill. Moreover, the remains offer us information regarding objects of daily life and the maintenance of the feature.","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127234352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-03DOI: 10.1163/22134522-12340057
S. Rippon, R. Fyfe
This paper explores the contribution that palaeoenvironmental evidence, and in particular palynology, is making to our understanding of landscape evolution in Britain during the 1st millennium AD . This was a period of profound social and economic change including a series of invasions, some associated with a mass folk migration. Archaeologists and historians continue to debate the significance of these events, and palaeoenvironmental evidence is now starting to provide an additional perspective. Key to this has been obtaining pollen sequences, although there remains a need for more evidence from lowland areas, alongside higher resolution sampling and improved dating. It is suggested that although the 1st millennium AD saw some significant long-term shifts in climate, these are unlikely to have had a significant causal effect on landscape change in lowland areas (both in areas with and without significant Anglo-Saxon immigration). The analysis of pollen data from across Britain shows very marked regional variations in the major land-use types (arable, woodland, improved pasture, and unimproved pasture) throughout the Roman and Early Medieval periods. While Britain ceasing to be part of the Roman empire appears to have led to a decline in the intensity of agriculture, it was the ‘long 8th c.’ (the later 7th to early 9th c.) that saw a more profound change, with a period of investment, innovation, and intensification, including an expansion in arable cultivation.
{"title":"Variation in the Continuity of Land-Use Patterns through the First Millennium AD in Lowland Britain","authors":"S. Rippon, R. Fyfe","doi":"10.1163/22134522-12340057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340057","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the contribution that palaeoenvironmental evidence, and in particular palynology, is making to our understanding of landscape evolution in Britain during the 1st millennium AD . This was a period of profound social and economic change including a series of invasions, some associated with a mass folk migration. Archaeologists and historians continue to debate the significance of these events, and palaeoenvironmental evidence is now starting to provide an additional perspective. Key to this has been obtaining pollen sequences, although there remains a need for more evidence from lowland areas, alongside higher resolution sampling and improved dating. It is suggested that although the 1st millennium AD saw some significant long-term shifts in climate, these are unlikely to have had a significant causal effect on landscape change in lowland areas (both in areas with and without significant Anglo-Saxon immigration). The analysis of pollen data from across Britain shows very marked regional variations in the major land-use types (arable, woodland, improved pasture, and unimproved pasture) throughout the Roman and Early Medieval periods. While Britain ceasing to be part of the Roman empire appears to have led to a decline in the intensity of agriculture, it was the ‘long 8th c.’ (the later 7th to early 9th c.) that saw a more profound change, with a period of investment, innovation, and intensification, including an expansion in arable cultivation.","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125350575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-03DOI: 10.1163/22134522-12340054
J. López‐Sáez, S. Pérez‐Díaz, D. Galop, F. Alba-Sánchez, D. Abel-Schaad
Fossil pollen records from 70 sites with reliable chronologies and high-resolution data in the western Mediterranean, were synthesised to document Late Holocene vegetation and climate change. The key elements of vegetation dynamics and landscape construction during Late Antiquity are clear in the light of the fossil pollen records. These are: fire events (natural or anthropogenically induced); grazing activities in high-mountain areas; agriculture; arboriculture; and human settlement in the lowlands. In terms of anthropogenic pressure, the differences recorded between highlands and lowlands suggest an imbalance in land use. Such practices were related to three main types of activities: wood exploitation and management, cultivation, and pastoralism. In lowland areas there seems to be some synchronism in vegetation dynamics during the late antique period, since most of the territories of the western Mediterranean had been deforested by the Early Roman period. However, in mountainous regions, pollen records document a clear asynchrony.
{"title":"A Late Antique Vegetation History of the Western Mediterranean in Context","authors":"J. López‐Sáez, S. Pérez‐Díaz, D. Galop, F. Alba-Sánchez, D. Abel-Schaad","doi":"10.1163/22134522-12340054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340054","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil pollen records from 70 sites with reliable chronologies and high-resolution data in the western Mediterranean, were synthesised to document Late Holocene vegetation and climate change. The key elements of vegetation dynamics and landscape construction during Late Antiquity are clear in the light of the fossil pollen records. These are: fire events (natural or anthropogenically induced); grazing activities in high-mountain areas; agriculture; arboriculture; and human settlement in the lowlands. In terms of anthropogenic pressure, the differences recorded between highlands and lowlands suggest an imbalance in land use. Such practices were related to three main types of activities: wood exploitation and management, cultivation, and pastoralism. In lowland areas there seems to be some synchronism in vegetation dynamics during the late antique period, since most of the territories of the western Mediterranean had been deforested by the Early Roman period. However, in mountainous regions, pollen records document a clear asynchrony.","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"18 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125880622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-03DOI: 10.1163/22134522-12340053
K. Kouli, A. Masi, A. Mercuri, A. Florenzano, L. Sadori
Vegetation patterns during the 1st millennium AD in the central Mediterranean, exhibit a great variability, due to the richness of these habitats and the continuous shaping of the environment by human societies. Variations in land use, witnessed in the pollen record, reflect the role that local vegetation and environmental conditions played in the choices made by local societies. The interdisciplinary study of off-site cores remains the key evidence for palaeoenvironmental transformations mirroring the ‘semi-natural’ vegetation, and revealing temporal fluctuations and the amount of human impact on a regional scale.
{"title":"Regional Vegetation Histories: An Overview of the Pollen Evidence from the Central Mediterranean","authors":"K. Kouli, A. Masi, A. Mercuri, A. Florenzano, L. Sadori","doi":"10.1163/22134522-12340053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340053","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation patterns during the 1st millennium AD in the central Mediterranean, exhibit a great variability, due to the richness of these habitats and the continuous shaping of the environment by human societies. Variations in land use, witnessed in the pollen record, reflect the role that local vegetation and environmental conditions played in the choices made by local societies. The interdisciplinary study of off-site cores remains the key evidence for palaeoenvironmental transformations mirroring the ‘semi-natural’ vegetation, and revealing temporal fluctuations and the amount of human impact on a regional scale.","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115997152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-03DOI: 10.1163/22134522-12340052
N. Roberts
{"title":"Revisiting the Beyşehir Occupation Phase: Land-Cover Change and the Rural Economy in the Eastern Mediterranean during the First Millennium AD","authors":"N. Roberts","doi":"10.1163/22134522-12340052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22134522-12340052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133200105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-03DOI: 10.1163/9789004392083_012
G. Stranieri
{"title":"Olive Cultivation and Olive Products in Southern Apulia (6th–11th c.)","authors":"G. Stranieri","doi":"10.1163/9789004392083_012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004392083_012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432040,"journal":{"name":"Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity","volume":"340 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127578278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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