Résumé Le but de cette contribution est d’analyser les particules locatives en peul, plus particulièrement l’emploi de ka dans le dialecte du Fouta Djallon. L’étude a été menée majoritairement sur la base des données empiriques auxquelles s’ajoutent quelques données secondaires issues de sources publiées. Les données primaires ont été collectées entre mai et décembre 2017 en Guinée à partir de la variété du Fouta Djallon, qui est parlée en Guinée, en Sierra Leone, en Guinée-Bissau et dans la partie sud de la Gambie. L’analyse a conduit aux constats suivants : (i) il existe un répertoire varié de marqueurs pour exprimer la localisation : ce sont entre autres, ka, ɗo, to, ko, e et ga; (ii) ceux-ci sont distribués différemment dans les divers dialectes. Fouta Toro et Macina partagent certaines caractéristiques communes en utilisant ɗo, ga et to, alors que dans le dialecte du Fouta Djallon, où se complètent les particules locatives ka et e, émerge ko dans les agglomérations urbaines, ce qui vient enrichir davantage le répertoire des particules locatives de ce dialecte.
摘要本文的目的是分析富尔语中的位置粒子，特别是富塔贾隆方言中ka的使用。这项研究主要是根据经验数据进行的，但也有一些来自已发表来源的二手数据。主要数据是在2017年5月至12月期间在几内亚收集的Fouta Djallon品种，该品种在几内亚、塞拉利昂、几内亚比绍和冈比亚南部使用。分析了以下几点:(一)有一个目录,多样的记号来表示:这是定位等等,ɗo ka, to, ko, e和ga;(ii)它们在不同方言中分布不同。托罗和Macina有着某些共同特征,使用富塔ɗo方言中,ga和摄氏度,而富塔贾隆ka出租,哪里是相辅相成的粒子和e城市群中,出现ko,这进一步丰富该目录的粒子,这个方言的租房。
{"title":"Position et location en peul, l’usage de ka au Fouta Djallon","authors":"Abdourahmane Diallo","doi":"10.1515/jall-2020-2002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2020-2002","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Le but de cette contribution est d’analyser les particules locatives en peul, plus particulièrement l’emploi de ka dans le dialecte du Fouta Djallon. L’étude a été menée majoritairement sur la base des données empiriques auxquelles s’ajoutent quelques données secondaires issues de sources publiées. Les données primaires ont été collectées entre mai et décembre 2017 en Guinée à partir de la variété du Fouta Djallon, qui est parlée en Guinée, en Sierra Leone, en Guinée-Bissau et dans la partie sud de la Gambie. L’analyse a conduit aux constats suivants : (i) il existe un répertoire varié de marqueurs pour exprimer la localisation : ce sont entre autres, ka, ɗo, to, ko, e et ga; (ii) ceux-ci sont distribués différemment dans les divers dialectes. Fouta Toro et Macina partagent certaines caractéristiques communes en utilisant ɗo, ga et to, alors que dans le dialecte du Fouta Djallon, où se complètent les particules locatives ka et e, émerge ko dans les agglomérations urbaines, ce qui vient enrichir davantage le répertoire des particules locatives de ce dialecte.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2020-2002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43157786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study investigates how focus on a TAM and polarity value, known in the literature as operator (Dik 1989, Watters 2010) or auxiliary focus (Hyman & Watters 1984), is manifested in natural speech in Kakabe, a Mande language. I show that the opposition between the two perfective auxiliaries attested in Kakabe is best analyzed in terms of operator focus and therefore extend this notion to Mande languages for the first time. This study analyzes operator focus on the perfective in natural speech. It leads to the discovery of new contexts relevant for the description of focused perfectives, such as performative speech acts and utterances with mental state predicates. Finally, I propose a new approach to the distribution of inflectional markers in narratives, based on an account of the main story line as structured by one overarching Question under Discussion.
{"title":"Operator focus in discourse and grammar: The two perfectives in Kakabe","authors":"A. Vydrina","doi":"10.1515/jall-2020-2005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2020-2005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigates how focus on a TAM and polarity value, known in the literature as operator (Dik 1989, Watters 2010) or auxiliary focus (Hyman & Watters 1984), is manifested in natural speech in Kakabe, a Mande language. I show that the opposition between the two perfective auxiliaries attested in Kakabe is best analyzed in terms of operator focus and therefore extend this notion to Mande languages for the first time. This study analyzes operator focus on the perfective in natural speech. It leads to the discovery of new contexts relevant for the description of focused perfectives, such as performative speech acts and utterances with mental state predicates. Finally, I propose a new approach to the distribution of inflectional markers in narratives, based on an account of the main story line as structured by one overarching Question under Discussion.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2020-2005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48006760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The role of syllable weight in Gújjolaay Eegimaa, an Atlantic language spoken in south-western Senegal, is evidenced by reduplicative patterns in the perfective stem, where we witness a difference in the surface representation of verb roots with underlying voiced obstruents from those with underlying voiceless obstruents. We argue that voiced plosives are weight bearing and therefore considered as moraic when in coda position in this language. We attribute the triggering of the gemination in the reduplicative perfective with roots having final voiced plosives to compensatory lengthening in order to make up for the loss of a mora as motivated by Hayes (1989). Gemination, rather than vowel lengthening, occurs because, as stated by de Chene and Anderson (1979) compensatory lengthening of vowels only occurs in a language where vowel length is contrastive. In this paper, we show evidence to support the proposition that there are no long vowels in this variety of Eegimaa, and therefore gemination (which is a contrastive feature in the language) is the repair strategy employed to compensate for the loss of a mora. Through a description of the weight-related processes observed in perfective reduplication in Eegimaa, we will detail the moraic analysis of the various patterns and discuss general phonological implications.
{"title":"Moraic preservation and equivalence in Gújjolaay Eegimaa perfective reduplication","authors":"Abbie Hantgan, Serge Sagna, Stuart Davis","doi":"10.1515/jall-2020-2003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2020-2003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The role of syllable weight in Gújjolaay Eegimaa, an Atlantic language spoken in south-western Senegal, is evidenced by reduplicative patterns in the perfective stem, where we witness a difference in the surface representation of verb roots with underlying voiced obstruents from those with underlying voiceless obstruents. We argue that voiced plosives are weight bearing and therefore considered as moraic when in coda position in this language. We attribute the triggering of the gemination in the reduplicative perfective with roots having final voiced plosives to compensatory lengthening in order to make up for the loss of a mora as motivated by Hayes (1989). Gemination, rather than vowel lengthening, occurs because, as stated by de Chene and Anderson (1979) compensatory lengthening of vowels only occurs in a language where vowel length is contrastive. In this paper, we show evidence to support the proposition that there are no long vowels in this variety of Eegimaa, and therefore gemination (which is a contrastive feature in the language) is the repair strategy employed to compensate for the loss of a mora. Through a description of the weight-related processes observed in perfective reduplication in Eegimaa, we will detail the moraic analysis of the various patterns and discuss general phonological implications.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2020-2003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45141853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phonological tone. (Key topics in phonology)","authors":"V. Beavon-Ham","doi":"10.1515/jall-2020-2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2020-2006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2020-2006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41814077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"JALL 41(1)","authors":"Felix K. Ameka, Azeb Amha","doi":"10.1515/jall-2020-2001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2020-2001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2020-2001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47385882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper offers a descriptive analysis of an aspectual periphrasis in Xhosa (Bantu S41). The construction in question consists of a form of ya ‘go’ plus a verb in the subordinate imperfective paradigm. It is argued that this construction works at the level of actionality (“lexical aspect” or “aktionsart”), rather than constituting an aspectual operator sensu stricto. The overall actional profile of this verbal unit is that of a degree achievement (Dowty 1979) or directed activity (Croft 2012), i.e. a process of change along a property scale. This change is construed as involving a plurality of successive steps. The contribution of the lexical item and its arguments is that of a property scale and/or target state. Throughout the description remarkable semantic parallels to a structure-wise comparable construction in Spanish (Romance, Indoeuropean) are pointed out. These structural and semantic parallels have implications for an oft-mentioned grammaticalization path leading from a motion-based construction to a marker of progressive aspect (Heine and Kuteva 2002, among others). The description of the construction is complemented by a note on a frequent collocation with an instrumental infinitive of the same verb stem.
摘要本文对科萨语(班图语S41)的一个侧面迂回语进行了描述性分析。这个结构是由ya ' go '的一种形式加上一个动词在从属的不完成范式中组成的。有人认为，这种结构在行动层面(“词汇方面”或“行动方面”)起作用，而不是构成严格意义上的方面操作符。这个言语单位的整体行为特征是一个程度成就(Dowty 1979)或定向活动(Croft 2012)，即沿着属性尺度变化的过程。这种变化被解释为涉及多个连续的步骤。词法项及其参数的贡献是属性规模和/或目标状态。在整个描述中，指出了与西班牙语(罗曼语，印欧语)中具有结构意义的类似结构的显著语义相似之处。这些结构和语义的相似之处暗示了经常提到的从基于运动的结构到进展方面的标记的语法化路径(Heine和Kuteva 2002等)。对结构的描述还附有一个注释，说明了与同一动词词干的工具不定式的频繁搭配。
{"title":"A description of the Xhosa construction ya ‘go’ plus subordinate imperfective","authors":"Bastian Persohn","doi":"10.1515/jall-2020-2004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2020-2004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper offers a descriptive analysis of an aspectual periphrasis in Xhosa (Bantu S41). The construction in question consists of a form of ya ‘go’ plus a verb in the subordinate imperfective paradigm. It is argued that this construction works at the level of actionality (“lexical aspect” or “aktionsart”), rather than constituting an aspectual operator sensu stricto. The overall actional profile of this verbal unit is that of a degree achievement (Dowty 1979) or directed activity (Croft 2012), i.e. a process of change along a property scale. This change is construed as involving a plurality of successive steps. The contribution of the lexical item and its arguments is that of a property scale and/or target state. Throughout the description remarkable semantic parallels to a structure-wise comparable construction in Spanish (Romance, Indoeuropean) are pointed out. These structural and semantic parallels have implications for an oft-mentioned grammaticalization path leading from a motion-based construction to a marker of progressive aspect (Heine and Kuteva 2002, among others). The description of the construction is complemented by a note on a frequent collocation with an instrumental infinitive of the same verb stem.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2020-2004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48956546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"African youth languages: New media, performing arts & sociolinguistic development","authors":"Cheng Chen, Le Cheng","doi":"10.1515/jall-2020-2007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2020-2007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2020-2007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44929229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-11DOI: 10.1515/jall-2019-frontmatter2
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/jall-2019-frontmatter2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2019-frontmatter2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2019-frontmatter2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47005425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vanderelst, John: A grammar of Dagik, A Kordofanian language of Sudan","authors":"Nicolas Quint","doi":"10.1515/jall-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2019-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44044625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We investigate the syntax and semantics of the sociative causative in Kinande (D42), a Bantu language spoken in eastern DRC. We present our discovery that Kinande, apparently unique among Bantu languages, grammaticalizes this type of causation with a specialized morpheme. In sociative causatives, the causer causes through social interaction rather than physical manipulation (direct causation) or words (indirect causation). We propose sociative causation in Kinande more exactly means ‘y carries out a subevent of P to help x do P.’ Helping here is by doing and is not comitative: rather, it is partitive – each actor does part of the action. This accounts for the classes of verbs that can undergo sociative causation. We establish that the construction is mono-clausal and note that the sociative morpheme is closely related to the benefactive applied morpheme. A second extension that occurs in this construction marks transitivity. We observe that the transitive extension can co-occur with the passive extension which tells us there is more than one voice projection in Kinande. Finally, we look more closely at the partitive reading of the caused event and note that the partitivity can be morpho-syntactically manifested either through partitive marking of the object of the caused event or through partitive marking of the caused event itself.
{"title":"The syntax and semantics of helping: Sociative causation in Kinande","authors":"Patricia Schneider-Zioga, P. Mutaka","doi":"10.1515/jall-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigate the syntax and semantics of the sociative causative in Kinande (D42), a Bantu language spoken in eastern DRC. We present our discovery that Kinande, apparently unique among Bantu languages, grammaticalizes this type of causation with a specialized morpheme. In sociative causatives, the causer causes through social interaction rather than physical manipulation (direct causation) or words (indirect causation). We propose sociative causation in Kinande more exactly means ‘y carries out a subevent of P to help x do P.’ Helping here is by doing and is not comitative: rather, it is partitive – each actor does part of the action. This accounts for the classes of verbs that can undergo sociative causation. We establish that the construction is mono-clausal and note that the sociative morpheme is closely related to the benefactive applied morpheme. A second extension that occurs in this construction marks transitivity. We observe that the transitive extension can co-occur with the passive extension which tells us there is more than one voice projection in Kinande. Finally, we look more closely at the partitive reading of the caused event and note that the partitivity can be morpho-syntactically manifested either through partitive marking of the object of the caused event or through partitive marking of the caused event itself.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2019-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47466694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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