Abstract Ya̧g Dii (Niger-Congo/Adamawa-Ubangi, Cameroon) has two applicative constructions: a benefactive/malefactive construction, and a comitative/instrumental (‘accompaniment’) construction. The benefactive/malefactive construction licenses the addition of an indirect object with a benefactive, malefactive, or other goal-like role. The construction is often marked by the verbal extension -D; notably, however, an indirect object with a benefactive/malefactive role can appear even if the applicative extension is absent, with a tendency for a benefactive reading to be associated with the presence of the affix, and a malefactive reading with the absence of the affix. The accompaniment applicative construction is always marked by the verbal extension -N, which attaches to an intransitive or transitive stem and marks the presence of an accompanier of the applied clause subject. Unlike the usual situation with applicatives, where the ‘applied’ argument bears a core argument role, the applied argument in the accompaniment applicative construction appears as an oblique dependent of the verb. We discuss the complicated verbal morphology used to express benefactive and comitative/instrumental applicatives, and the syntactic realization of the applied argument in each type.
Ya ' g Dii(尼日尔-刚果/阿达马瓦-乌班吉，喀麦隆)有两个应用结构:一个有益/男性结构，和一个模仿/乐器(“伴奏”)结构。助动词/助动词结构允许添加具有助动词、助动词或其他类似目标角色的间接宾语。这种结构通常用动词引申词-D来标记;然而，值得注意的是，即使没有应用扩展，也可以出现一个具有褒义/褒义作用的间接宾语，并且倾向于褒义阅读与词缀的存在有关，而褒义阅读与词缀的缺失有关。伴随的应用结构通常用动词引申-N来标记，它附加在不及物或及物词干上，标志着所应用的从句主语的陪伴者的存在。不同于一般情况下的应用句，“应用”论点承担着核心论点的角色，在伴奏应用结构中，应用论点表现为动词的斜从属。我们讨论了用于表达有益和模仿/工具性应用的复杂词形，以及每种类型中应用论点的句法实现。
{"title":"Applicatives in Ya̧g Dii: Morphological and syntactic implications","authors":"L. Bohnhoff, M. Dalrymple","doi":"10.1515/jall-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ya̧g Dii (Niger-Congo/Adamawa-Ubangi, Cameroon) has two applicative constructions: a benefactive/malefactive construction, and a comitative/instrumental (‘accompaniment’) construction. The benefactive/malefactive construction licenses the addition of an indirect object with a benefactive, malefactive, or other goal-like role. The construction is often marked by the verbal extension -D; notably, however, an indirect object with a benefactive/malefactive role can appear even if the applicative extension is absent, with a tendency for a benefactive reading to be associated with the presence of the affix, and a malefactive reading with the absence of the affix. The accompaniment applicative construction is always marked by the verbal extension -N, which attaches to an intransitive or transitive stem and marks the presence of an accompanier of the applied clause subject. Unlike the usual situation with applicatives, where the ‘applied’ argument bears a core argument role, the applied argument in the accompaniment applicative construction appears as an oblique dependent of the verb. We discuss the complicated verbal morphology used to express benefactive and comitative/instrumental applicatives, and the syntactic realization of the applied argument in each type.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"39 1","pages":"153 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2018-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66829545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article gives a first account of the background marker ná in Barayin, an East Chadic language spoken in the Guera region of Chad. The article describes the marker’s syntactic distribution and the semantic and pragmatic contexts it occurs in. It commonly occurs following a sentence-initial noun phrase or adverbial, and it also commonly follows a sentence-initial dependent clause such as a conditional clause. The material preceding ná is background information which provides a context for the interpretation of the following proposition, which is the main point of the communication.
{"title":"The background marker ná in Barayin","authors":"Joseph Lovestrand","doi":"10.1515/JALL-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JALL-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article gives a first account of the background marker ná in Barayin, an East Chadic language spoken in the Guera region of Chad. The article describes the marker’s syntactic distribution and the semantic and pragmatic contexts it occurs in. It commonly occurs following a sentence-initial noun phrase or adverbial, and it also commonly follows a sentence-initial dependent clause such as a conditional clause. The material preceding ná is background information which provides a context for the interpretation of the following proposition, which is the main point of the communication.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"39 1","pages":"1 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/JALL-2018-0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44977744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Bantu languages such as Chichewa or Herero, locatives can function as subjects and show noun class agreement (in class 16, 17 or 18) with predicates and modifiers. In contrast, (preverbal) locatives in Sotho-Tswana and Nguni have been analysed as prepositional adjuncts, which cannot agree. Our paper compares locatives in Kinyarwanda (JD61) with locatives in these other Bantu languages and demonstrates that the Kinyarwanda locative system is essentially of the Chichewa/Herero type. We show that Kinyarwanda locatives are nominal in nature, can act as subjects, and agree with predicates and modifiers. However, even though Kinyarwanda has four locative noun classes (16, 17, 18 and 25), there is only one locative agreement marker (class 16 ha-), which indiscriminately appears with all locatives, regardless of their noun class. We explain this fact by arguing that noun class features in Kinyarwanda do not participate in locative agreement; instead, the invariant class 16 marker expresses agreement with a generic feature [location] associated with all locatives. We offer a syntactic analysis of this peculiar aspect of Kinyarwanda locative agreement, and we propose a parameter that accounts for the relevant difference between Kinyarwanda and Chichewa/Herero-type Bantu languages.
{"title":"Agreement with locatives in Kinyarwanda: a comparative analysis","authors":"Jochen Zeller, J. Ngoboka","doi":"10.1515/JALL-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JALL-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Bantu languages such as Chichewa or Herero, locatives can function as subjects and show noun class agreement (in class 16, 17 or 18) with predicates and modifiers. In contrast, (preverbal) locatives in Sotho-Tswana and Nguni have been analysed as prepositional adjuncts, which cannot agree. Our paper compares locatives in Kinyarwanda (JD61) with locatives in these other Bantu languages and demonstrates that the Kinyarwanda locative system is essentially of the Chichewa/Herero type. We show that Kinyarwanda locatives are nominal in nature, can act as subjects, and agree with predicates and modifiers. However, even though Kinyarwanda has four locative noun classes (16, 17, 18 and 25), there is only one locative agreement marker (class 16 ha-), which indiscriminately appears with all locatives, regardless of their noun class. We explain this fact by arguing that noun class features in Kinyarwanda do not participate in locative agreement; instead, the invariant class 16 marker expresses agreement with a generic feature [location] associated with all locatives. We offer a syntactic analysis of this peculiar aspect of Kinyarwanda locative agreement, and we propose a parameter that accounts for the relevant difference between Kinyarwanda and Chichewa/Herero-type Bantu languages.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"39 1","pages":"65 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/JALL-2018-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43939068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maarten Mous: Alagwa-a South Cushitic language of Tanzania: Grammar, Texts and Lexicon","authors":"A. Harvey","doi":"10.1515/JALL-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JALL-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"39 1","pages":"115 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/JALL-2018-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42955999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to: Suffixed plurals in Baïnonk languages: Agreement patterns and diachronic development","authors":"Alexander Yao Cobbinah","doi":"10.1515/jall-2017-9007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2017-9007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"39 1","pages":"125 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2017-9007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66829968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The connection between multilingualism and the school curriculum continues to engender debates on language preferences because of the potential to influence the amount of learning among learners. To understand language preferences among multilingual learners and their implications for the selection of the medium of instruction (MoI) in a multilingual country, data were collected through questionnaires and interviews among learners, teachers and head teachers in deep, rural Kenyan primary schools. These schools are located away from urban centres, with little or no basic infrastructure, hence the concept of “deep ruralness”. The participants were purposively sampled from among learners, teachers and head teachers to examine how learners’ affiliations with multilingualism could explain the preferred MoI, and the ways through which schools implement the use of an MoI in the curriculum. The findings show that Kiswahili and English were used as the MoI, even when the curriculum recommended indigenous languages and English. Moreover, learners’ multilingual affiliations and their spontaneous languages were their indigenous languages and Kiswahili. Based on these findings, we claim that the indigenous language, Kiswahili and English should be used as the languages of instruction in Kenyan schools.
{"title":"Medium of instruction in school: The indigenous language, the national language or the official language? A case study from multilingual deep rural Kenya","authors":"Kari Spernes, R. Ruto-Korir","doi":"10.1515/JALL-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JALL-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The connection between multilingualism and the school curriculum continues to engender debates on language preferences because of the potential to influence the amount of learning among learners. To understand language preferences among multilingual learners and their implications for the selection of the medium of instruction (MoI) in a multilingual country, data were collected through questionnaires and interviews among learners, teachers and head teachers in deep, rural Kenyan primary schools. These schools are located away from urban centres, with little or no basic infrastructure, hence the concept of “deep ruralness”. The participants were purposively sampled from among learners, teachers and head teachers to examine how learners’ affiliations with multilingualism could explain the preferred MoI, and the ways through which schools implement the use of an MoI in the curriculum. The findings show that Kiswahili and English were used as the MoI, even when the curriculum recommended indigenous languages and English. Moreover, learners’ multilingual affiliations and their spontaneous languages were their indigenous languages and Kiswahili. Based on these findings, we claim that the indigenous language, Kiswahili and English should be used as the languages of instruction in Kenyan schools.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"39 1","pages":"41 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/JALL-2018-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47071896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anne Storch: Consensus and Dissent, Negotiating Emotion in the Public Space","authors":"Olivier Bondéelle","doi":"10.1515/jall-2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"39 1","pages":"111 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2018-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41931282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following is a continuation of our comprehensive list of recently published books and monographs on African languages and linguistics. Prices are given where available. This list serves as an acknowledgement of receipt of review copies of the items marked (R). Copies of book reviews printed in the journal are automatically sent to the publishers. There can be no guarantee, however, that all works received will in fact be reviewed. Authors who would like to review a particular book or would like to be considered in general as potential reviewers are encouraged to write to the editor indicating their areal and topical fields of interest. [Sara Petrollino]
{"title":"Recent publications in African linguistics","authors":"S. Petrollino","doi":"10.1515/JALL-2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JALL-2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"The following is a continuation of our comprehensive list of recently published books and monographs on African languages and linguistics. Prices are given where available. This list serves as an acknowledgement of receipt of review copies of the items marked (R). Copies of book reviews printed in the journal are automatically sent to the publishers. There can be no guarantee, however, that all works received will in fact be reviewed. Authors who would like to review a particular book or would like to be considered in general as potential reviewers are encouraged to write to the editor indicating their areal and topical fields of interest. [Sara Petrollino]","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"39 1","pages":"121 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/JALL-2018-0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44275391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sara Petrollino: A grammar of Hamar. A South Omotic language of Ethiopia","authors":"M. Ahland","doi":"10.1515/jall-2018-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2018-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"39 1","pages":"107 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2018-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48118657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Swahili exhibits a construction where a tensed and an infinitival clause are coordinated. This is an example of “unbalanced” coordination insofar as one verb is tensed and the other is not. Furthermore, the licensing of an overt subject in the infinitival clause problematizes Case Theory because infinitival clauses do not assign nominative case. The construction is also puzzling because although it bears some characteristics of pseudo-coordination it also has properties reminiscent of true coordination. Despite the theoretical questions this raises, the construction has not been adequately addressed in the literature: to our knowledge, this paper presents the first-ever theoretical analysis of this construction. We argue that the conjuncts are at least coordinated AgrSPs (the subject agreement phrase) dominated by TP (the tense phrase) which licenses case-marked subjects in both conjuncts.
{"title":"Swahili coordinated infinitives and non-canonical case-marking","authors":"Kristina Riedel, Mark de Vos","doi":"10.1515/jall-2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jall-2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Swahili exhibits a construction where a tensed and an infinitival clause are coordinated. This is an example of “unbalanced” coordination insofar as one verb is tensed and the other is not. Furthermore, the licensing of an overt subject in the infinitival clause problematizes Case Theory because infinitival clauses do not assign nominative case. The construction is also puzzling because although it bears some characteristics of pseudo-coordination it also has properties reminiscent of true coordination. Despite the theoretical questions this raises, the construction has not been adequately addressed in the literature: to our knowledge, this paper presents the first-ever theoretical analysis of this construction. We argue that the conjuncts are at least coordinated AgrSPs (the subject agreement phrase) dominated by TP (the tense phrase) which licenses case-marked subjects in both conjuncts.","PeriodicalId":43215,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Languages and Linguistics","volume":"38 1","pages":"265 - 288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/jall-2017-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66829930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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