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Real time driver's eye state recognition based on deep mobile learning 基于深度移动学习的驾驶员眼状态实时识别
Amina Guettas, Soheyb Ayad, O. Kazar
Abstract. Eye state recognition has been the subject of many studies due to its importance in many fields especially drowsy driver detection, which is crucial task that must be done in real time and mostly using limited hardware. These restrictions make resource consuming learning techniques such as deep learning difficult to use. Deep mobile learning seems to be a viable solution to solving this issue. In this paper, we propose a real time system based on deep mobile learning to classify the eye state, and compare its performance with classical machine learning methods. The experimental results on the Closed Eyes in the Wild (CEW) and MRL Eye Datasets show that the proposed approach outperformed the other machine learning techniques in terms of accuracy and execution time. In addition, we evaluated our system on a video dataset to demonstrate its reliability and robustness.
摘要由于眼状态识别在许多领域的重要性,特别是昏昏欲睡的驾驶员检测,这是一项必须实时完成且硬件有限的关键任务,因此一直是许多研究的主题。这些限制使得深度学习等消耗资源的学习技术难以使用。深度移动学习似乎是解决这个问题的可行方案。本文提出了一种基于深度移动学习的实时人眼状态分类系统,并与经典机器学习方法进行了性能比较。在野外闭眼(CEW)和MRL眼睛数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法在准确率和执行时间方面优于其他机器学习技术。此外,我们在视频数据集上评估了我们的系统,以证明其可靠性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
A comparative analysis of SOAP and REST Web service composition based on performance in local and remote Cloud environments 基于本地和远程云环境中性能的SOAP和REST Web服务组合的比较分析
Yapo Jesus Ekie, Bassirou Gueye, I. Niang
Web services are an attracting area that interest many researchers and industrial organizations. Given the convenience and reusability, web services have become a main mode of cloud application. Web services can be developed based on two interaction styles such as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and Representational State Transfer Protocol (REST). Nevertheless, the function of single web service is usually too simple to satisfy the user’s complex demand. Therefore, it is necessary to combine a set of basic web services in order to create a composite web services. However, most existing work on the comparison of SOAP and REST focuses on a single micro-service and fails to outline the performance of those two approaches in a real-case situation where, most of the time, multiple micro-services are bound together to provide a more holistic answer to user requests. In this paper, we try to tackle this issue from a more business-centered perspective. We use a case study involving multiple services both in local and remote Cloud environments with SOAP Web services composition and REST Web services composition. The first environment will help us find out the behavior in a more controlled situation compared to the latter where multiple service providers are involved.
Web服务是一个吸引许多研究人员和工业组织的领域。由于其便利性和可重用性,web服务已经成为云应用的主要模式。Web服务可以基于两种交互风格进行开发,例如简单对象访问协议(SOAP)和具象状态传输协议(REST)。然而,单个web服务的功能往往过于简单,无法满足用户复杂的需求。因此,为了创建复合web服务,有必要组合一组基本web服务。然而,大多数关于SOAP和REST比较的现有工作都集中在单个微服务上,并没有概述这两种方法在实际情况下的性能,在实际情况下,大多数情况下,多个微服务绑定在一起以提供对用户请求的更全面的回答。在本文中,我们试图从更以业务为中心的角度来解决这个问题。我们使用了一个案例研究,涉及本地和远程云环境中的多个服务,其中包含SOAP Web服务组合和REST Web服务组合。与涉及多个服务提供者的后一种环境相比,第一个环境将帮助我们找到在更受控制的情况下的行为。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Design for RFID Tag: A Study 射频识别标签的频率可重构天线设计研究
Assiya Amri, T. Mazri
Nowadays, wireless communication systems require antennas able to operate in multiple frequency bands. Frequency reconfigurable antennas have been meet this need and become more advantageous and appreciated compared to conventional antennas. This paper presents the process of designing a frequency reconfigurable antenna for RFID tag, and discusses the interest of using this type of antennas in RFID technology applications, namely identification and localization of vehicles in a given area.
如今,无线通信系统要求天线能够在多个频带中工作。频率可重构天线已经满足了这一需求,与传统天线相比,频率可重构天线具有更大的优势和价值。本文介绍了射频识别标签的频率可重构天线的设计过程,并讨论了在射频识别技术应用中使用这种天线的兴趣,即在给定区域内识别和定位车辆。
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引用次数: 0
Proposal for a platform for the continuity of distance learning in African schools and universities at the end of the politico-military crisis in the face of covid-19: case of the Central African Republic 针对2019冠状病毒病的政治军事危机结束后,关于在非洲中小学和大学继续远程学习平台的建议:中非共和国的案例
G. M. Kossingou, Bessan Melckior Dégboé, Nadege Gladys Ndassimba, S. Ouya, G. Mendy
Following the perpetual political-military crises, most of the rural areas of the Central African Republic (CAR) are occupied by armed groups. This leads to human insecurity in these areas. Children, adolescents, and youth are out of school. Primary and secondary school teachers are unable to travel to unsafe areas. Due to the problem of human insecurity in rural areas and especially poverty in several rural areas of CAR, parents are unable to finance the education of their children who have taken the baccalaureate exams to travel to the capital Bangui to study at Bangui University alone. In this article, we propose a platform for the continuity of educational activities in the Central African Republic. Our initially proposed platform solution allows the creation of a distance primary and secondary school in bimodal mode in the rural areas of the CAR. In a second step, it allows the creation of a complete distance university training coupled with traditional education for young people from all rural areas of the Central African Republic. This platform has been tested at the Higher Institute of Technology (Department of Computer Science and Telecommunications) and the Faculty of Science of the University of Bangui and has enabled the partial resumption of pedagogical activities in these institutions. It has been applied in the field of STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) and can be extended to other disciplines. Access to resources is efficient thanks to the coupling of the WireGuard VPN server and the Apache Guacamole server which is a gateway using standard protocols via a browser. It also uses VXLAN technology which moves the WireGuard VPN server subnet from OSI Layer 3 to Layer 2 and allows the organization of practical work that requires being in the same local subnet. Access to this platform provides learners in the Central African Republic with a complete and secure distance learning environment for courses, assignments and tutorials.
在持续不断的政治-军事危机之后,中非共和国(CAR)的大部分农村地区被武装团体占领。这导致这些地区的人类不安全。儿童、青少年和青年失学。中小学教师无法前往不安全地区。由于农村地区的人身安全问题,特别是中非共和国一些农村地区的贫困问题,父母无法为参加学士学位考试前往首都班吉在班吉大学学习的孩子提供教育费用。在本文中,我们为中非共和国教育活动的连续性提出了一个平台。我们最初提出的平台解决方案允许在中非共和国农村地区以双峰模式创建远程小学和中学。第二步,它允许为中非共和国所有农村地区的年轻人建立一个完整的远程大学培训,并结合传统教育。该平台已在班吉大学高等技术学院(计算机科学和电信系)和理学院进行了测试,并使这些机构得以部分恢复教学活动。它已经应用于STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)领域,并可以扩展到其他学科。由于WireGuard VPN服务器和Apache Guacamole服务器(通过浏览器使用标准协议的网关)的耦合,对资源的访问效率很高。它还使用VXLAN技术,将WireGuard VPN服务器子网从OSI三层移动到OSI二层,从而可以组织需要在同一本地子网中的实际工作。该平台为中非共和国的学习者提供了一个完整、安全的远程学习环境,包括课程、作业和教程。
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引用次数: 0
Study of the use of gamification elements in e-learning applications 在电子学习应用中使用游戏化元素的研究
Ezzoubair Zecri, M. Ouzzif, Ismail El Haddioui
The absence of human interaction in e-learning platforms leads to rapid loss of motivation of learners. As an effective way to motivate them in online learning applications, e-learning designers opt for the use of gamification elements in their applications. This study aims to compare five gamification e-learning applications by an existing Gamification taxonomy in order to propose a modification to improve it. The five applications we used are Duolingo, Socrative, Kahoot, Khan Academy and Classcraft. The objective is to compare the use of each element in these applications to know its usefulness and to propose a new gamification elements model.
电子学习平台缺乏人际互动,导致学习者的学习动机迅速丧失。作为在在线学习应用中激励他们的有效方法,电子学习设计师选择在他们的应用中使用游戏化元素。本研究旨在通过现有的游戏化分类来比较五种游戏化电子学习应用,以便提出改进建议。我们使用的五个应用程序是Duolingo、Socrative、Kahoot、Khan Academy和Classcraft。目的是比较这些应用程序中每个元素的使用情况,以了解其有用性,并提出一个新的游戏化元素模型。
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引用次数: 0
Study and comparison of the different elements of handover execution: a case of the LTE network 切换执行中不同要素的研究与比较:以LTE网络为例
Samia Hakkou, T. Mazri, N. Hmina
Mobile networks have experienced the rapid development of several successive generations of networks. Handover is an essential element in mobile networks. Its principle is to guarantee continuity of communication even when changing location. In this document, we present a study on the different elements of LTE handover execution. Also, we compare the existing different algorithms of the LTE handover.
移动网络经历了几代网络的快速发展。切换是移动网络的一个基本要素。其原则是即使在改变位置时也能保证通信的连续性。在本文中,我们对LTE切换执行的不同要素进行了研究。同时,对现有的LTE切换算法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 1
A framework towards more accurate and explanatory student performance model 一个更准确和解释学生表现模型的框架
Hayat Sahlaoui, E. A. Alaoui, S. Agoujil
The ability to predict students academic performance in a timely manner is very important in learning institutions [18]. Student performance prediction is an important area as it can help teachers identify students who need additional academic support [14]. Predicting student academic performance helps teachers develop a good understanding of how well or how badly students are doing in their classes so that teachers can take proactive steps to improve student learning. Accurately predicting students future performance based on their ongoing academic records is critical to effectively conducting the educational interventions required to ensure students complete the course on time and in a satisfactory manner [4]. To achieve these goals, however, a large amount of student data must be analyzed and predicted using various machine learning models. Having a wealth of options is good, but deciding which model to implement in production is critical. While we have a number of performance metrics to evaluate a model, it is not advisable to implement every algorithm for every problem. This takes a lot of time and effort. Additionally, machine learning (ML) models are amazingly good at making predictions, but often cannot provide explanations for their predictions that humans can easily understand. Most machine learning-based projects focused primarily on results, on updating the accuracy of student grade models without considering mechanisms for their interpretability. Therefore it is important to know how to choose the right algorithm for a given task and how to choose the ”right” interpretability tool. To that end, we provide a guide for machine learning practitioners and researchers that shows the thought process that they might find useful in improving the performance and interpretability of their models, and they can even get great results on their prediction problems. The study concludes that machine learning practitioners can improve the performance of predictive models with data tactics such as getting more data, cleaning data, resampling data and rescaling data. And with algorithms optimization tactics by searching for the best hyper-parameters by using random search of algorithm hyper parameters to expose configurations that never thought of. And learning to combine by using a new model to learn how to best combine the predictions from multiple well-performing models. And can also improve the interpretability of the model by choosing the “right” interpretability tool. As machine learning becomes more ubiquitous, understanding how these models find answers is critical to improve their performance and reliability. When deciding to implement a machine learning model, choosing the right model mean analyzing your needs and expected results. Finally, developing the right solution to a problem in real life is rarely just an applied math problem. It requires awareness of business needs, rules and regulations, and stakeholder concerns, as well as consider
在学习机构中,及时预测学生学习成绩的能力是非常重要的。学生表现预测是一个重要的领域,因为它可以帮助教师确定哪些学生需要额外的学术支持。预测学生的学习成绩可以帮助教师更好地了解学生在课堂上的表现,这样教师就可以采取积极主动的措施来改善学生的学习。根据学生目前的学习成绩,准确预测学生未来的表现,对于有效地进行必要的教育干预,确保学生按时、以令人满意的方式完成课程至关重要。然而,为了实现这些目标,必须使用各种机器学习模型分析和预测大量的学生数据。拥有丰富的选择是件好事,但是决定在生产中实现哪个模型是至关重要的。虽然我们有许多性能指标来评估模型,但不建议为每个问题实现每个算法。这需要花费大量的时间和精力。此外,机器学习(ML)模型非常擅长进行预测,但通常无法为人类容易理解的预测提供解释。大多数基于机器学习的项目主要关注结果,关注更新学生成绩模型的准确性,而不考虑其可解释性的机制。因此,了解如何为给定任务选择正确的算法以及如何选择“正确”的可解释性工具非常重要。为此,我们为机器学习从业者和研究人员提供了一个指南,展示了他们在提高模型的性能和可解释性方面可能会发现有用的思维过程,他们甚至可以在预测问题上获得很好的结果。该研究的结论是,机器学习从业者可以通过获取更多数据、清理数据、重新采样数据和重新缩放数据等数据策略来提高预测模型的性能。并采用算法优化策略,通过随机搜索算法超参数来寻找最佳超参数,从而暴露出从未想到过的配置。通过使用一个新的模型来学习如何最好地结合多个表现良好的模型的预测。并且可以通过选择“正确”的可解释性工具来提高模型的可解释性。随着机器学习变得越来越普遍,了解这些模型如何找到答案对于提高它们的性能和可靠性至关重要。在决定实现机器学习模型时,选择正确的模型意味着分析您的需求和预期结果。最后,为现实生活中的问题找到正确的解决方案并不仅仅是一个应用数学问题。它需要了解业务需求、规则和规章、涉众关注的问题,以及相当的专业知识。在解决机器问题时,能够结合并平衡它们是至关重要的。能做到这一点的人才能创造最大的价值。
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引用次数: 1
EE-FTR: An Energy-Efficient Fault-Tolerant Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks ieee - ftr:一种高效的无线传感器网络容错路由协议
Khadidja Belkadi, M. Lehsaini
In addition to the nature of the sensor nodes and hostile environments in which are deployed and due to its tasks of cluster management and data routing to base station (BS), the clusterhead node (CH) is prone to failure. In order to achieve fault-tolerance and not lose network connectivity, it would be more appropriate to find a faulty CH alternative. In this paper, we propose a fault-tolerant routing protocol based on the clustering method used in EADC (energy-aware clustering algorithm) protocol and on a proactive routing protocol. Simulation results show that our proposal provides better performance in terms of average delivery time, data delivery rate, dissipated energy and network lifetime compared to the EFT-PMD protocol.
除了传感器节点的性质和所部署的恶劣环境之外,由于其集群管理和数据路由到基站(BS)的任务,簇头节点(CH)很容易发生故障。为了实现容错和不丢失网络连接,找到一个有故障的CH替代方案将是更合适的。本文提出了一种基于EADC(能量感知聚类算法)协议中的聚类方法和主动路由协议的容错路由协议。仿真结果表明,与EFT-PMD协议相比,我们的方案在平均传输时间、数据传输速率、耗散能量和网络寿命方面具有更好的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Classification of security attacks in WBAN for medical healthcare 医疗卫生无线宽带网络安全攻击分类
A. Bengag, Amina Bengag, O. Moussaoui
Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) system is one of the most important elements of the internet of things (IoT) concept. Actually, the major objective of this technology is to improve the healthcare industry including remote medical surveillance and emergency medical response systems. However, because of the presence of wireless communication support, this technology is very vulnerable to several types of attacks. Thence, the security has become one of the most important main challenges to take up. In this paper, we start to give the main concepts of the WBAN system, its communication architecture and an overview of security problem in WBAN system. Moreover, our work covers the description of a new classification of the different attacks in WBAN network. This classification allows us, and interested researcher to ameliorate or create a robust attack detection mechanism corresponding to each attack.
无线体域网络(WBAN)系统是物联网(IoT)概念中最重要的元素之一。实际上,这项技术的主要目的是改善医疗保健行业,包括远程医疗监控和紧急医疗响应系统。然而,由于无线通信支持的存在,该技术非常容易受到几种类型的攻击。因此,安全已成为最重要的主要挑战之一。本文首先介绍了无线宽带网络系统的主要概念、通信结构,并对无线宽带网络系统的安全问题进行了概述。此外,我们的工作还涵盖了对WBAN网络中不同攻击的新分类的描述。这种分类允许我们和感兴趣的研究人员改进或创建对应于每种攻击的健壮的攻击检测机制。
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引用次数: 2
DTN gateway For an Interoperable IoT architecture DTN网关用于可互操作的物联网架构
Rajae Tamri, S. Rakrak
Internet of Things (IoT) applications use a huge number of smart objects, which are connected through various heterogeneous technologies. Moreover, they are characterized by their mobility and unreliability. The main goal of this paper is to present an alternative solution for the intermittently connected IoT network by considering the Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) approach. Through the integration of the functionality of the DTN and Bundle Protocol (BP) in the IoT network layer, the wireless IoT devices exploit the features of DTN in routing and mobility, to transmit data to destination efficiently and to ensure interoperability in the network.
物联网(IoT)应用使用大量智能对象,这些智能对象通过各种异构技术连接在一起。此外,它们的特点是机动性和不可靠性。本文的主要目标是通过考虑延迟容忍网络(DTN)方法,为间歇性连接的物联网网络提供一种替代解决方案。无线物联网设备通过在物联网网络层集成DTN和捆绑协议(BP)的功能,利用DTN在路由和移动性方面的特点,高效地将数据传输到目的地,并确保网络中的互操作性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Networking, Information Systems & Security
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