Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2023.10.2
E. Ameh
Soil degradation by anthropogenic means is increasing day after day all over the globe, particularly in Nigeria. This research became necessary to show how plants grown surrounding waste dumps are able to mitigate soil pollution by Fe and Sb. Both media (plants and soils) were collected, and leached, and analyses were performed to assess the quantum of Iron and Antimony found within sampled media. The EDX3600B X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to analyze for soil and plants sampled. The bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC), and metal uptake efficacy (%) ME for both media were calculated. The evaluated data revealed that Colocasia esculent and Amaranthus viridis showed the maximum capacity as Fe hyperaccumulators. Also, Colocasia asculenta, Physalis angulate, and Zea mays were suitable plants as hyperaccumulators of Sb. Only Loportea aestuans suffices as phytoextractor for Antimony. Amaranthus hybridus, Colocasia asculenta, and Corchorus aestuans have capacities to stabilize Sb in soils. Species collected showed the required ability as phytominers of Sb. The quantities of Iron and Antimony in acquired media were higher than allowable benchmarks in leaves (vegetables). From this investigation, the acquired plants showed evidence of good specimens with abilities to remove Iron and Antimony from the soil. The collected species also showed attributes and characteristics of good reservoirs of Iron and Antimony.
{"title":"Phytoremediation of Iron and Antimony Polluted Waste Dump Sites in Anyigba Kogi State, Nigeria: A Multivariate Statistical Technique","authors":"E. Ameh","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2023.10.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2023.10.2","url":null,"abstract":"Soil degradation by anthropogenic means is increasing day after day all over the globe, particularly in Nigeria. This research became necessary to show how plants grown surrounding waste dumps are able to mitigate soil pollution by Fe and Sb. Both media (plants and soils) were collected, and leached, and analyses were performed to assess the quantum of Iron and Antimony found within sampled media. The EDX3600B X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to analyze for soil and plants sampled. The bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF), bioaccumulation coefficient (BAC), and metal uptake efficacy (%) ME for both media were calculated. The evaluated data revealed that Colocasia esculent and Amaranthus viridis showed the maximum capacity as Fe hyperaccumulators. Also, Colocasia asculenta, Physalis angulate, and Zea mays were suitable plants as hyperaccumulators of Sb. Only Loportea aestuans suffices as phytoextractor for Antimony. Amaranthus hybridus, Colocasia asculenta, and Corchorus aestuans have capacities to stabilize Sb in soils. Species collected showed the required ability as phytominers of Sb. The quantities of Iron and Antimony in acquired media were higher than allowable benchmarks in leaves (vegetables). From this investigation, the acquired plants showed evidence of good specimens with abilities to remove Iron and Antimony from the soil. The collected species also showed attributes and characteristics of good reservoirs of Iron and Antimony.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"246 4‐5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2023.10.1
Muthyala Prasad, C. P. Dubey
The western passive continental margin (WPCM) of the Indian Peninsula is one of the world's largest and most remarkable escarpments, signifying a boundary between oceanic and continental lithospheres. It traverses distinct lithological units, majorly the SGT, WDC, and DVP, each characterized by distinct geological structures, geochronological histories, and petro-physical properties. Despite numerous research efforts, the exact mechanisms governing the WPCM evolution and its developmental connections remain unclear due to limited data and significant uncertainties. In our study, we meticulously analyzed global and local models, focusing on the Western Ghats (WG), to examine crust and lithosphere thickness. Our analysis revealed significant uncertainties in crustal and lithospheric variations, with a maximum difference of 10.68% in crust thickness and 20.04% in lithospheric thickness across different major lithological formations in the WG. These differences can have a substantial impact on the geodynamic analysis of lithospheric structures and tectonic evolution. Additionally, we developed a 2-D lithospheric density model over the WG, crossing the major geological units, which delineates the crust and lithospheric structure between the eastern and western sides of the escarpment. Our results, in conjunction with geomorphological data, suggest that the WPCM’s thick lithosphere with elevated topography illustrates a continuous upwarp, supported by flexural compensation of uplifted terrain. The movement of the Indian plate, primarily in the N-S and NW-SE directions, subsequently modified the entire escarpment. This model offers insights into the evolution of the WPCM and potentially contributes to the formation of the NE-SW fault in the southern part of the South Indian Shield, with potential implications for the Palghat gap.
{"title":"Crustal and Lithospheric Variations along the Western Passive Continental Margin of the Indian Peninsula","authors":"Muthyala Prasad, C. P. Dubey","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2023.10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2023.10.1","url":null,"abstract":"The western passive continental margin (WPCM) of the Indian Peninsula is one of the world's largest and most remarkable escarpments, signifying a boundary between oceanic and continental lithospheres. It traverses distinct lithological units, majorly the SGT, WDC, and DVP, each characterized by distinct geological structures, geochronological histories, and petro-physical properties. Despite numerous research efforts, the exact mechanisms governing the WPCM evolution and its developmental connections remain unclear due to limited data and significant uncertainties. In our study, we meticulously analyzed global and local models, focusing on the Western Ghats (WG), to examine crust and lithosphere thickness. Our analysis revealed significant uncertainties in crustal and lithospheric variations, with a maximum difference of 10.68% in crust thickness and 20.04% in lithospheric thickness across different major lithological formations in the WG. These differences can have a substantial impact on the geodynamic analysis of lithospheric structures and tectonic evolution. Additionally, we developed a 2-D lithospheric density model over the WG, crossing the major geological units, which delineates the crust and lithospheric structure between the eastern and western sides of the escarpment. Our results, in conjunction with geomorphological data, suggest that the WPCM’s thick lithosphere with elevated topography illustrates a continuous upwarp, supported by flexural compensation of uplifted terrain. The movement of the Indian plate, primarily in the N-S and NW-SE directions, subsequently modified the entire escarpment. This model offers insights into the evolution of the WPCM and potentially contributes to the formation of the NE-SW fault in the southern part of the South Indian Shield, with potential implications for the Palghat gap.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138974711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.6
Z. Mustaffa, M. Al-Bared, Nursyahira Habeeb, M. A. Khan
This article examines the impact of debris flow on semi-exposed pipelines to determine the plastic deformation and stresses by considering pipe-debris flow interaction. A 3-D finite element approach was adopted to study the mechanical behavior of pipelines subjected to debris flow. Integration of pipeline property (thickness) with debris flow intensity (impact pressure and angle) was also considered in a finite element numerical model for semi-exposed. The analysis showed that the impact angle between 35° and 75° with an impact pressure of 200 kPa and 250 kPa significantly affected the stability and integrity of the pipeline. There was a slight impact of wall thickness on the stability of the pipeline due to the passive soil resistance. Maximum plastic deformation of 124 mm was encountered in the case of 35° impact angle, which was 3% more than the deformation observed at 20° impact angle. Moreover, large distribution of von mises stresses was observed, as 1390 Mpa, 1450 Mpa, 1440 Mpa, and 1440 Mpa for impact angles of 20°, 35°, 75°, and 90° in the impacted zone of the pipeline in each set of analysis. Shear failure of the pipeline was observed during the analysis as von misses’ stresses were more than the yield stress (520 Mpa) of the pipeline. The developed model in this study can be utilized for further research and will be a basis for designing pipelines crossing through mountainous regions.
{"title":"Examining the effect of Debris Flow on Oil and Gas Pipelines Using Numerical Analysis","authors":"Z. Mustaffa, M. Al-Bared, Nursyahira Habeeb, M. A. Khan","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.6","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the impact of debris flow on semi-exposed pipelines to determine the plastic deformation and stresses by considering pipe-debris flow interaction. A 3-D finite element approach was adopted to study the mechanical behavior of pipelines subjected to debris flow. Integration of pipeline property (thickness) with debris flow intensity (impact pressure and angle) was also considered in a finite element numerical model for semi-exposed. The analysis showed that the impact angle between 35° and 75° with an impact pressure of 200 kPa and 250 kPa significantly affected the stability and integrity of the pipeline. There was a slight impact of wall thickness on the stability of the pipeline due to the passive soil resistance. Maximum plastic deformation of 124 mm was encountered in the case of 35° impact angle, which was 3% more than the deformation observed at 20° impact angle.\u0000Moreover, large distribution of von mises stresses was observed, as 1390 Mpa, 1450 Mpa, 1440 Mpa, and 1440 Mpa for impact angles of 20°, 35°, 75°, and 90° in the impacted zone of the pipeline in each set of analysis. Shear failure of the pipeline was observed during the analysis as von misses’ stresses were more than the yield stress (520 Mpa) of the pipeline. The developed model in this study can be utilized for further research and will be a basis for designing pipelines crossing through mountainous regions.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126451166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-22DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.5
Mohamed A. Khalil
The article illustrates a statistical technique for the visual representation of geochemical data. Quaternary and Pre-Quaternary groundwater samples from Northern Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, were interpreted statistically using Andrews plots, which use Fourier analysis to transform and represent a set of multivariate data by a waveform pattern. The resulting waveform patterns were classified into low, middle, and high amplitudes, following up the increase in the total dissolved solids of the samples. Comparison with the traditional hydrochemical polygonal Stiff diagrams resulted in a complete matching. The proposed mixing between the Quaternary and Pre-Quaternary aquifers has been proved via the similarity of waveform patterns of the mixed water. The application of Andrews plots is investigated by comparison with the Stiff conventional diagrams. The correlation between different amplitudes and the TDS value of every sample indicates that the amplitude increases with the increase in the salinity.
{"title":"Groundwater Classification by Using Fourier Analysis","authors":"Mohamed A. Khalil","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article illustrates a statistical technique for the visual representation of geochemical data. Quaternary and Pre-Quaternary groundwater samples from Northern Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, were interpreted statistically using Andrews plots, which use Fourier analysis to transform and represent a set of multivariate data by a waveform pattern. The resulting waveform patterns were classified into low, middle, and high amplitudes, following up the increase in the total dissolved solids of the samples. Comparison with the traditional hydrochemical polygonal Stiff diagrams resulted in a complete matching. The proposed mixing between the Quaternary and Pre-Quaternary aquifers has been proved via the similarity of waveform patterns of the mixed water. The application of Andrews plots is investigated by comparison with the Stiff conventional diagrams. The correlation between different amplitudes and the TDS value of every sample indicates that the amplitude increases with the increase in the salinity.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132620177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.4
Feng Qiao, Sheng Rongtian, Li Xuewei, Dai Ruiwen, Jiang Yong
LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology from Nansu large Rapakivi granite in the Jiaobei uplift belt shows the concordant age is 116.5±0.32Ma and the weighted average age is 116.7±0.89Ma, belonging to the late Yanshanian products of Early Cretaceous. The rock geochemical characteristics show that the SiO2 content of rapakivi granite ranges from 70.30% to 71.65%, with an average of 70.975%, A / CNK is 0.871 ~ 0.895 (average 0.883). K2O content is 4.70 ~ 5.75%, with an average of 5.14%, which is characterized by high potassium. Regarding trace elemental patterns, all the studied samples are enriched in large一ion-lithophile elements, e.g., K and Rb, and depleted in high-field-strength elements, e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti. In terms of the chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns, the Nansu samples are characterized by the strong enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) compared with heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and the absence of negative Eu anomalies. The Nansu ring porphyry granite is of high Sr and low Yb type, belonging to type I adakite, and formed in a high-pressure medium high-temperature environment of about 23km at depth and about 670oC. It is speculated that it was formed in the island arc environment and is related to the subduction of the Mesozoic Pacific plate.
{"title":"Age and Geochemical Characteristics of Nansu Rapakivi Granite in Jiaobei Uplift Belt, Qingdao","authors":"Feng Qiao, Sheng Rongtian, Li Xuewei, Dai Ruiwen, Jiang Yong","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.4","url":null,"abstract":"LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology from Nansu large Rapakivi granite in the Jiaobei uplift belt shows the concordant age is 116.5±0.32Ma and the weighted average age is 116.7±0.89Ma, belonging to the late Yanshanian products of Early Cretaceous. The rock geochemical characteristics show that the SiO2 content of rapakivi granite ranges from 70.30% to 71.65%, with an average of 70.975%, A / CNK is 0.871 ~ 0.895 (average 0.883). K2O content is 4.70 ~ 5.75%, with an average of 5.14%, which is characterized by high potassium. Regarding trace elemental patterns, all the studied samples are enriched in large一ion-lithophile elements, e.g., K and Rb, and depleted in high-field-strength elements, e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti. In terms of the chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns, the Nansu samples are characterized by the strong enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) compared with heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and the absence of negative Eu anomalies. The Nansu ring porphyry granite is of high Sr and low Yb type, belonging to type I adakite, and formed in a high-pressure medium high-temperature environment of about 23km at depth and about 670oC. It is speculated that it was formed in the island arc environment and is related to the subduction of the Mesozoic Pacific plate.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120958435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.3
M. Hamidatou, Saad Lebdioui, Nassim Hallal, J. Matos, J. Tinoco
This paper defines the dynamic analysis and geometric demonstration of movement transmission and the dynamic soil-structure interaction using two different approaches: the finite component process and the limit component approach (EM). This mathematical process is an influential geometric approach right for dynamic tasks. In this item, we used very advanced and effective computer geometric converter approaches to study multifaceted difficulties. The fractional difference equation leading the motion is outcoming and resolved by EM. The influence of 3 dimensions on the movement transmission imitation (1D and 2D) has a conversed captivating effect, dependent on the different finite components kinds (triangles, rectangles, tall degree components). Geometric modeling of stifling is too discussed (Rayleigh checking). The finite component technique then treats a model of movement transmission owing to the vibration of a foundation. The limit component technique's capacities are remembered, and outcomes found through 2D and 3D mockups are planned. Numerous cases of dynamic soil-structure interaction (building, tunnel) are formerly pickled. The outcomes of these properties are discussed here.
{"title":"Dynamic Analysis and Modeling Movement Transmission of Soil Construction Interaction","authors":"M. Hamidatou, Saad Lebdioui, Nassim Hallal, J. Matos, J. Tinoco","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defines the dynamic analysis and geometric demonstration of movement transmission and the dynamic soil-structure interaction using two different approaches: the finite component process and the limit component approach (EM). This mathematical process is an influential geometric approach right for dynamic tasks. In this item, we used very advanced and effective computer geometric converter approaches to study multifaceted difficulties. The fractional difference equation leading the motion is outcoming and resolved by EM. The influence of 3 dimensions on the movement transmission imitation (1D and 2D) has a conversed captivating effect, dependent on the different finite components kinds (triangles, rectangles, tall degree components). Geometric modeling of stifling is too discussed (Rayleigh checking). The finite component technique then treats a model of movement transmission owing to the vibration of a foundation. The limit component technique's capacities are remembered, and outcomes found through 2D and 3D mockups are planned. Numerous cases of dynamic soil-structure interaction (building, tunnel) are formerly pickled. The outcomes of these properties are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125628618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.2
Jian Wang, Mingfeng Xie, A. Costanzo, M. Feely, Yingchang Cao, Keyu Liu
Fluid inclusion and petrographic study focused on authigenic quartz, annealed microfractures in quartz grains (AMF) and carbonate cement, was performed in red-bed reservoir sandstones from the first member of the Kongdian Formation and the lower fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (Shengli oilfield, East China). Both hydrocarbon and aqueous inclusions are present. Microthermometry and Laser Raman spectroscopes of liquid-rich two-phase inclusions showed that the pressure-correction value of aqueous inclusions is < 15°C. Differences in homogenization temperature and salinity occur between inclusions in quartz and carbonate cements. The liquid-rich two-phase aqueous inclusions were classified into four groups based on the salinity-homogenization temperature plots. The liquid-rich two-phase hydrocarbon inclusions were classified into two groups. The timing of the first-stage diagenetic fluid was before 31.3Ma. Fluids were from syn-depositional water and diagenetic fluids of clay minerals in interbedded mudstones. The timing of the second-stage diagenetic fluid was between 31.3 and 26.4Ma. Fluids were rich in organic acids and were accompanied by filling of small amounts of low maturity oil. The timing of the third-stage diagenetic fluid was between 26.4 and 21.4Ma. Fluids were mainly influenced by dehydration of gypsum-salt rocks and decarboxylation of organic acids. The timing of the fourth-stage diagenetic fluid was after 21.4 Ma. Fluids were influenced by organic acids and carbon acids and were accompanied by filling of mature oil after 10Ma. During the burial history, the red-bed reservoirs experienced the evolution process of early alkaline diagenetic fluids, early acid diagenetic fluids, late alkaline diagenetic fluids and late acid diagenetic fluids, which caused the alternate evolution of multiple alkaline and acid diagenetic environments.
{"title":"Origin and Evolution of Geofluids in the Eocene Red-Bed Sandstones of the Dongying Depression, China","authors":"Jian Wang, Mingfeng Xie, A. Costanzo, M. Feely, Yingchang Cao, Keyu Liu","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.2","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid inclusion and petrographic study focused on authigenic quartz, annealed microfractures in quartz grains (AMF) and carbonate cement, was performed in red-bed reservoir sandstones from the first member of the Kongdian Formation and the lower fourth member of the Shahejie Formation (Shengli oilfield, East China). Both hydrocarbon and aqueous inclusions are present. Microthermometry and Laser Raman spectroscopes of liquid-rich two-phase inclusions showed that the pressure-correction value of aqueous inclusions is < 15°C. Differences in homogenization temperature and salinity occur between inclusions in quartz and carbonate cements. The liquid-rich two-phase aqueous inclusions were classified into four groups based on the salinity-homogenization temperature plots. The liquid-rich two-phase hydrocarbon inclusions were classified into two groups. The timing of the first-stage diagenetic fluid was before 31.3Ma. Fluids were from syn-depositional water and diagenetic fluids of clay minerals in interbedded mudstones. The timing of the second-stage diagenetic fluid was between 31.3 and 26.4Ma. Fluids were rich in organic acids and were accompanied by filling of small amounts of low maturity oil. The timing of the third-stage diagenetic fluid was between 26.4 and 21.4Ma. Fluids were mainly influenced by dehydration of gypsum-salt rocks and decarboxylation of organic acids. The timing of the fourth-stage diagenetic fluid was after 21.4 Ma. Fluids were influenced by organic acids and carbon acids and were accompanied by filling of mature oil after 10Ma. During the burial history, the red-bed reservoirs experienced the evolution process of early alkaline diagenetic fluids, early acid diagenetic fluids, late alkaline diagenetic fluids and late acid diagenetic fluids, which caused the alternate evolution of multiple alkaline and acid diagenetic environments.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124990762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.1
M. Veress
This study deals with the processes of subsidence dolines. These processes contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of karst areas and the relation between dolines and their environment. For this, several hundred dolines of various karst areas were studied. Investigations included measurements of doline size and processes (for example mass movements), the mapping of their morphology and processes, observation and tracking of some processes (for instance water inflow). Laboratory experiments were carried out, and we had VES measurements performed to obtain data on their sediments. The processes of dolines with various development phase were distinguished. The processes of developed dolines were classified according the site of their effect which may be present in the environment, on the side slope, on the floor, on the cover below the floor and in the bedrock. The processes were also put into groups based on their direction. It was established that the degree of supplier and transporting away processes and their value compared to each other controls doline size, while the denudation of the doline slope and the accumulation on its floor influences doline shape.
{"title":"Processes and Features of Subsidence Dolines (Sinkholes)","authors":"M. Veress","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2022.09.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the processes of subsidence dolines. These processes contribute to the understanding of the characteristics of karst areas and the relation between dolines and their environment. For this, several hundred dolines of various karst areas were studied. Investigations included measurements of doline size and processes (for example mass movements), the mapping of their morphology and processes, observation and tracking of some processes (for instance water inflow). Laboratory experiments were carried out, and we had VES measurements performed to obtain data on their sediments. The processes of dolines with various development phase were distinguished. The processes of developed dolines were classified according the site of their effect which may be present in the environment, on the side slope, on the floor, on the cover below the floor and in the bedrock. The processes were also put into groups based on their direction. It was established that the degree of supplier and transporting away processes and their value compared to each other controls doline size, while the denudation of the doline slope and the accumulation on its floor influences doline shape.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"436 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116013261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2021.08.7
M. J. Puy-Alquiza, B. N. Luna, R. Miranda-Avilés, M. Hernández, Gilberto Carreño Aguilera
The diversity of diatoms in the hot springs of the Comanjilla geothermal zone in northern Guanajuato, Mexico was studied. Hot springs are extreme ecosystems that, despite having high temperatures, constitute an environment for many thermophilic microorganisms (bacteria, cyanobacteria, and diatoms). The thermal water studied is classified as hyperthermal water (45°C to 100°C), of deep origin, and with low mineralization, are of type sulfuric sodium chloride, since the dissolved content of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is found in concentrations higher than 1mg/L, and its smell is similar to the one of rotten eggs, presents a pH of 7.6 to 9.1 that represents neutrophilic to alkaliphilic environments, with a variable electrical conductivity (EC) (658-698 µs / cm) and total dissolved solids (TDS) (314-24 ppm). In the same way, these hot springs present microbial mats that consist of several stratified layers of green and orange color of 100 cm2, each one, which are dominated by specific types of microorganisms such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, but mainly diatoms, the latter were studied applying the scanning electron microscope and the optical microscope. The morphological characteristics observed in the optical microscope and in the scanning electron microscopy indicate the presence of diatoms of the Bacillariophyceae class, represented by Sellaphora disjuncta (55%), Achnanthes brevipes var. intermedia (45%). This diatom present in thermophilic microbial mats in the sulphurous geothermal zone of Comanjilla represents: a) the first report of said microorganisms in the study area and Mexico; b) an ecosystem of great interest from the biotechnological and industrial point of view; c) an important taxon in terms of diversity and technology; d) an applications in biofuels, environmental monitoring, wastewater treatment, manufacture of fertilizers, production of secondary metabolites, medical compounds, energy sources and food industry and within nanotechnology. It is important to mention that the physical and chemical characteristics of thermal water such as temperature, pH, dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, alkalinity and silica concentrations, were the major environmental factors influencing the distribution of diatoms in sulphurous hot springs.
{"title":"Diatom of the Bacillariophyceae Class in Thermophilic Microbial Mats Present in Sulphurous Hot Springs and their Possible Biotechnological Application","authors":"M. J. Puy-Alquiza, B. N. Luna, R. Miranda-Avilés, M. Hernández, Gilberto Carreño Aguilera","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2021.08.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2021.08.7","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity of diatoms in the hot springs of the Comanjilla geothermal zone in northern Guanajuato, Mexico was studied. Hot springs are extreme ecosystems that, despite having high temperatures, constitute an environment for many thermophilic microorganisms (bacteria, cyanobacteria, and diatoms). The thermal water studied is classified as hyperthermal water (45°C to 100°C), of deep origin, and with low mineralization, are of type sulfuric sodium chloride, since the dissolved content of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is found in concentrations higher than 1mg/L, and its smell is similar to the one of rotten eggs, presents a pH of 7.6 to 9.1 that represents neutrophilic to alkaliphilic environments, with a variable electrical conductivity (EC) (658-698 µs / cm) and total dissolved solids (TDS) (314-24 ppm). In the same way, these hot springs present microbial mats that consist of several stratified layers of green and orange color of 100 cm2, each one, which are dominated by specific types of microorganisms such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, but mainly diatoms, the latter were studied applying the scanning electron microscope and the optical microscope. The morphological characteristics observed in the optical microscope and in the scanning electron microscopy indicate the presence of diatoms of the Bacillariophyceae class, represented by Sellaphora disjuncta (55%), Achnanthes brevipes var. intermedia (45%). This diatom present in thermophilic microbial mats in the sulphurous geothermal zone of Comanjilla represents: a) the first report of said microorganisms in the study area and Mexico; b) an ecosystem of great interest from the biotechnological and industrial point of view; c) an important taxon in terms of diversity and technology; d) an applications in biofuels, environmental monitoring, wastewater treatment, manufacture of fertilizers, production of secondary metabolites, medical compounds, energy sources and food industry and within nanotechnology. It is important to mention that the physical and chemical characteristics of thermal water such as temperature, pH, dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, alkalinity and silica concentrations, were the major environmental factors influencing the distribution of diatoms in sulphurous hot springs.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121705639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2021.08.6
Alhassane Illias, Abdoulwahid Sani, Issa M. Salmanou Souleymane, O. Boureima
The Tarat aquifer provides drinking water for the population of the city of Arlit and also provides water to industries. The exploitation of this aquifer has considerably increased in recent years. The main objective of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of the Tarat aquifer. Thus, a methodological approach focusing mainly on the piezometric study and the analysis of evolution and estimation of the volumes of water pumped, since its development from 1969 to 2012, which has resulted in highlighting not only a general decline in the level of the Tarat aquifer, but also the piezometer level (Arli_182), reacts strongly to the solicitations of the aquifer. On this same piezometer, the water table was lowered by 30 m from 1980 to 2006 (26 years), so a drawdown of 0.86 /year.
{"title":"Evolution of Pumping and Piezometry of the Carboniferous Aquifers, Western Border of Aïr Massif","authors":"Alhassane Illias, Abdoulwahid Sani, Issa M. Salmanou Souleymane, O. Boureima","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2021.08.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2021.08.6","url":null,"abstract":"The Tarat aquifer provides drinking water for the population of the city of Arlit and also provides water to industries. The exploitation of this aquifer has considerably increased in recent years. The main objective of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of the Tarat aquifer. Thus, a methodological approach focusing mainly on the piezometric study and the analysis of evolution and estimation of the volumes of water pumped, since its development from 1969 to 2012, which has resulted in highlighting not only a general decline in the level of the Tarat aquifer, but also the piezometer level (Arli_182), reacts strongly to the solicitations of the aquifer. On this same piezometer, the water table was lowered by 30 m from 1980 to 2006 (26 years), so a drawdown of 0.86 /year.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129650472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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