Pub Date : 2015-06-30DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2015.02.01.3
A. Yakubu, A. Nur
Abstract: Seventeen Vertical Electrical soundings (VES) using the Schlumberger configuration with current electrode spacing of AB/2 = 80m were carried out in Song and environs of Adamawa State of Nigeria to study the groundwater potential. Sixteen VES showed a three-layer earth model; while the remaining one has four-layer earth model. The average thickness of the first layer is 2m with a mean resistivity of 75.14Ωm; representing the top soil and clay material. The second layer has an average thickness of 12.09m with a mean resistivity of 50.0Ωm. This layer is unconsolidated and highly weathered/fractured basement. The average resistivity value of the third layer is 5150Ωm and represents the fresh basement. Water samples were collected from Seven Boreholes (BH) and four Hand-Dug wells (HDW). The overall assessment of the sampled water in the area indicates an average pH value of 5.8, mean temperature of 28.96°C, an average turbidity value of 0.453NTU, and with a mean conductivity value of 159.39µs/cm. The water is mostly acidic with a moderate temperature, and turbidity. Total hardness has an average value of 98.78mg/l indicating a moderately soft water quality. All the Hand-Dug wells in the study area have high concentration of Nitrate and total Coliform count of 50.93mg/l to 67.17mg/l and 12cfu/ml to 27cfu/ml respectively. The high value can be attributed to anthropogenic activities such as chemical fertilizer application and indiscriminate dumping of house hold solid waste in the area as well as animals and human faeces. The high concentration of total coliform count was also observed in BH4 because of the shallow depth. Apart from the HDW and BH4 that are of shallow depth, the groundwater is generally good for human as well as industrial and agricultural uses.
{"title":"Geoelectrical Survey for Groundwater Potential in Song and Environs NE, Nigeria ","authors":"A. Yakubu, A. Nur","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2015.02.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2015.02.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Seventeen Vertical Electrical soundings (VES) using the Schlumberger configuration with current electrode spacing of AB/2 = 80m were carried out in Song and environs of Adamawa State of Nigeria to study the groundwater potential. Sixteen VES showed a three-layer earth model; while the remaining one has four-layer earth model. The average thickness of the first layer is 2m with a mean resistivity of 75.14Ωm; representing the top soil and clay material. The second layer has an average thickness of 12.09m with a mean resistivity of 50.0Ωm. This layer is unconsolidated and highly weathered/fractured basement. The average resistivity value of the third layer is 5150Ωm and represents the fresh basement. Water samples were collected from Seven Boreholes (BH) and four Hand-Dug wells (HDW). The overall assessment of the sampled water in the area indicates an average pH value of 5.8, mean temperature of 28.96°C, an average turbidity value of 0.453NTU, and with a mean conductivity value of 159.39µs/cm. The water is mostly acidic with a moderate temperature, and turbidity. Total hardness has an average value of 98.78mg/l indicating a moderately soft water quality. All the Hand-Dug wells in the study area have high concentration of Nitrate and total Coliform count of 50.93mg/l to 67.17mg/l and 12cfu/ml to 27cfu/ml respectively. The high value can be attributed to anthropogenic activities such as chemical fertilizer application and indiscriminate dumping of house hold solid waste in the area as well as animals and human faeces. The high concentration of total coliform count was also observed in BH4 because of the shallow depth. Apart from the HDW and BH4 that are of shallow depth, the groundwater is generally good for human as well as industrial and agricultural uses.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129476694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.15377/2409-5710.2019.06.2
N. Karapınar
The effect of tailings slurry characteristics such as solid ratio and solid particle size both, in monoand dualflocculant systems, were studied as well as the effect of POLYDADMAC type in dual-flocculant system. Oppositely charged flocculants, a polyacrylamide (PAM)-typed anionic and two poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride (polyDADMAC)-typed cationic polymers, were employed for the flocculation. Tailings slurry samples were taken on different dates from the discharge point of Kırka Borax Concentrator. Flocculation performance was characterized by the initial settling rate as well as the residual turbidity of supernatant and the extent of sediment compaction. All tests were performed at the natural pH of the tailings slurry (~pH 9.4) at which borax buffered the suspension. The results showed that an increase in solid load of the tailings slurry results in a dramatic decrease in settling rate of flocculated tailings regardless of flocculant system employed. This can be attributed to the possible change in rheological property of the slurry due to the increasing clay content of the slurry with solid ratio. While the solid ratio has an influence on the settling rate of the flocculated tailings, the amount of slimes determines the optimum dosage of cationic flocculant to obtain clear supernatant in dual-flocculant system. When anionic and cationic flocculants were used in combination, the best synergy was achieved with low weight cationic flocculant. Increasing molecular weight of the cationic flocculant from low to medium resulted in two-fold increase in the required dosage to obtain the same flocculation performance. In dualflocculant system, optimum results were obtained by anionic and cationic flocculant combination at around 0.4 kg/ton and 0.8 kg/ton solid dosages, respectively, indicating 11.7 cm/min of settling rate and 85.7% of transmittance value.
{"title":"Flocculation Behavior of Borax Clayey Tailings in Mono- and Dual- Flocculant Systems: Effect of Tailings Slurry Characteristics and polyDADMAC Type","authors":"N. Karapınar","doi":"10.15377/2409-5710.2019.06.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2019.06.2","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of tailings slurry characteristics such as solid ratio and solid particle size both, in monoand dualflocculant systems, were studied as well as the effect of POLYDADMAC type in dual-flocculant system. Oppositely charged flocculants, a polyacrylamide (PAM)-typed anionic and two poly diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride (polyDADMAC)-typed cationic polymers, were employed for the flocculation. Tailings slurry samples were taken on different dates from the discharge point of Kırka Borax Concentrator. Flocculation performance was characterized by the initial settling rate as well as the residual turbidity of supernatant and the extent of sediment compaction. All tests were performed at the natural pH of the tailings slurry (~pH 9.4) at which borax buffered the suspension. The results showed that an increase in solid load of the tailings slurry results in a dramatic decrease in settling rate of flocculated tailings regardless of flocculant system employed. This can be attributed to the possible change in rheological property of the slurry due to the increasing clay content of the slurry with solid ratio. While the solid ratio has an influence on the settling rate of the flocculated tailings, the amount of slimes determines the optimum dosage of cationic flocculant to obtain clear supernatant in dual-flocculant system. When anionic and cationic flocculants were used in combination, the best synergy was achieved with low weight cationic flocculant. Increasing molecular weight of the cationic flocculant from low to medium resulted in two-fold increase in the required dosage to obtain the same flocculation performance. In dualflocculant system, optimum results were obtained by anionic and cationic flocculant combination at around 0.4 kg/ton and 0.8 kg/ton solid dosages, respectively, indicating 11.7 cm/min of settling rate and 85.7% of transmittance value.","PeriodicalId":432372,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125086719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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