{"title":"Low-temperature Methane Fermentation of Swine Excrement with Unpowered Mixing in Once-a-day Feeding Condition","authors":"S. Abe, T. Hidaka, H. Tsuno","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.21.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.21.107","url":null,"abstract":"本研究では，小型発酵槽で豚糞を処理し，エネルギー源であるメタンガスを生産するために，26℃以下の条件での無加温低温メタン発酵の開発をガス圧の差による撹拌を実現する無動力撹拌方式のリアクターを用いて試みた。ミニブタの豚糞を基質として，1日1回給餌方式で連続実験を行った。安定なメタン発酵の状態である時には，pHは7程度に維持された。有機物負荷率0.1～0.2kgCODcr/(m・d) 程度および26℃の条件下で，CODベースのメタン転換率60%程度，VSあたりのメタンガス発生量0.3～0.4L/gVS程度が得られた。10℃でのガス発生量は，25℃でのガス発生量の約40%となった。これらの結果より，メタン発酵が安定して実現でき，実験期間中過度の固形性成分の蓄積もなく，無動力撹拌低温により運転エネルギー削減が可能であることが示された。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124306566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental and Economic Evaluation of Systems under the Biomass Town Plan Program","authors":"T. Futawatari, N. Sakamoto, S. Otoma","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.141","url":null,"abstract":"わが国では，バイオマス利活用推進を目的とした「バイオマス・ニッポン総合戦略」が策定されているが，十分な利活用がなされていないのが現状である。本研究では，バイオマスタウン構想が実施されている福岡県大木町，宮崎県小林市，大分県日田市のバイオマス施設へのヒアリング調査を行い，物質，経済，環境の視点から循環システムの評価を行った。さらに，北九州市若松区を循環モデル地区とし，都市部におけるバイオマス利活用の可能性を考察した。3市町の循環システム運営による年間CO2削減量は，大木町3.1ton，小林市529.2ton，日田市181.2tonであった。循環システム評価により，堆肥の利活用が可能であるという条件の下で家畜排泄物を堆肥化する循環システムが高効率であるということが明らかになった。若松区循環モデル地区におけるCO2削減量は311tonであった。賦存するバイオマスが生ごみ中心である都市部においても，環境負荷削減が可能であるということが明らかになった。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123501654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"モンゴル地方家庭の環境意識・ライフスタイルが消費量・廃棄物発生量に与える影響","authors":"弘継 蒲原, 淳 藤平, 尚弘 後藤, 幸一 藤江, 隆一 橘, 千穂 大藪, 利治 杉原","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.25.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.25.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123216913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite using Scallop Shells","authors":"Junya Kobayashi, Y. Kimura","doi":"10.3985/jjsmcwm.33.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.33.170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"26 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123819518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"バイオディーゼル燃料 (BDF) 製造副生グリセリンを原料とする脱窒剤の精製と脱窒素性能評価","authors":"俊宏 武下, 真理 村田, 樋口 壯太郎, 芳樹 井上, 芳夫 大塚, 剛 安部, 峰生 橘","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.27.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.27.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131364845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kuwabara, Shohei Yamamoto, Shunsuke Yoshida, M. Nishi, Kazumi Tatewaki, T. Sato
Potassium recovery from bamboo chip fuel residue after combustion was evaluated. The extraction conditions, which include the kinds of extract and the solid (weight)-liquid (volume) ratio, as well as the recovery method, which includes precipitation due to the difference in temperature after concentration by heating, were investigated. The condition for highly efficient potassium extraction was 1 . 0 mol L − 1 HCl solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 10 and a potassium recovery ratio of 85 . 4 wt% from the extract. However, the most suitable extraction method, based on the reagent cost, was 0 . 01 mol L − 1 HCl solution, which allowed a potassium extraction ratio of 65 . 5 wt%, using pulverized combustion residue. The amount of water-soluble potassium (W-K 2 O) was 53 . 7 wt% in the recovered matter, with the chemical form of KCl. Therefore, the potassium content of the recovered matter met the requirement for potassium chloride in fertilizers based on the Fertilizers Regulation Act of Japan. In addition, the amounts of harmful elements, such as arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead and nickel, were within the permissible range in incinerated sludge fertilizer, based on the same law. Thus, it was concluded that the recovered matter was utilizable as a potassium fertilizer.
{"title":"Examination of Potassium Recovery from Bamboo Chip Fuel Residue after Combustion","authors":"T. Kuwabara, Shohei Yamamoto, Shunsuke Yoshida, M. Nishi, Kazumi Tatewaki, T. Sato","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.28.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.28.50","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium recovery from bamboo chip fuel residue after combustion was evaluated. The extraction conditions, which include the kinds of extract and the solid (weight)-liquid (volume) ratio, as well as the recovery method, which includes precipitation due to the difference in temperature after concentration by heating, were investigated. The condition for highly efficient potassium extraction was 1 . 0 mol L − 1 HCl solution with a solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 10 and a potassium recovery ratio of 85 . 4 wt% from the extract. However, the most suitable extraction method, based on the reagent cost, was 0 . 01 mol L − 1 HCl solution, which allowed a potassium extraction ratio of 65 . 5 wt%, using pulverized combustion residue. The amount of water-soluble potassium (W-K 2 O) was 53 . 7 wt% in the recovered matter, with the chemical form of KCl. Therefore, the potassium content of the recovered matter met the requirement for potassium chloride in fertilizers based on the Fertilizers Regulation Act of Japan. In addition, the amounts of harmful elements, such as arsenic, cadmium, chrome, lead and nickel, were within the permissible range in incinerated sludge fertilizer, based on the same law. Thus, it was concluded that the recovered matter was utilizable as a potassium fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124624850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koga Shigeizumi, H. Kubota, Haruna Kochi, Kenichi Sato, T. Fujikawa, Yosuke Nagayama, H. Sakanakura, Daigo Fujita
Accelerated carbonation treatment for recycling MSW incineration bottom ash can simultaneously reduce CO 2 emissions. In this study, we designed a public implementation of this technology and conducted a test at the Saga City Incineration Plant, which has CO 2 separation and capture facilities. Two types of gas-exhaust gas from the same incineration plant and CO 2 separated and recovered from such exhaust gas-were ventilated through the bottom ash and used to investigate the elution characteristics of heavy metals (through (1) elution testing and (2) lysimeter testing) and the effects of carbonation treatment on their mechanical characteristics as civil engineering materials. Carbonation significantly reduced the Pb elution concentration in both (1) and (2), but the concentrations of Cr(VI) increased in both (1) and (2). There was no difference for B between untreated and treated bottom ash in (1), but in (2) the concentration was lower than that of untreated. Regarding mechanical characteristics, we confirmed that while carbonation reduced the modified CBR value and cone index, strength was satisfied as a material for roadbeds and embankments. For the gas types, there were differences in the carbonation reaction status and B concentration behavior.
{"title":"Elution and Mechanical Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Incineration Bottom Ash that has Undergone Accelerated Carbonation Treatment using CO2 Recovered from Incineration Plant Exhaust","authors":"Koga Shigeizumi, H. Kubota, Haruna Kochi, Kenichi Sato, T. Fujikawa, Yosuke Nagayama, H. Sakanakura, Daigo Fujita","doi":"10.3985/jjsmcwm.31.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.31.116","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerated carbonation treatment for recycling MSW incineration bottom ash can simultaneously reduce CO 2 emissions. In this study, we designed a public implementation of this technology and conducted a test at the Saga City Incineration Plant, which has CO 2 separation and capture facilities. Two types of gas-exhaust gas from the same incineration plant and CO 2 separated and recovered from such exhaust gas-were ventilated through the bottom ash and used to investigate the elution characteristics of heavy metals (through (1) elution testing and (2) lysimeter testing) and the effects of carbonation treatment on their mechanical characteristics as civil engineering materials. Carbonation significantly reduced the Pb elution concentration in both (1) and (2), but the concentrations of Cr(VI) increased in both (1) and (2). There was no difference for B between untreated and treated bottom ash in (1), but in (2) the concentration was lower than that of untreated. Regarding mechanical characteristics, we confirmed that while carbonation reduced the modified CBR value and cone index, strength was satisfied as a material for roadbeds and embankments. For the gas types, there were differences in the carbonation reaction status and B concentration behavior.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122329663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on Medium and Low Volatile Organic halogens (MLVOX) for Operation Management at Municipal Waste Incinerators","authors":"Akito Takakura, N. Watanabe","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.383","url":null,"abstract":"一般廃棄物焼却施設排ガス中の有機ハロゲンの簡易な測定法とその運転管理への活用について述べた。2001～2005年度に11のストーカ式焼却施設において10～40Lの排ガスを吸着捕集した後，バリヤー放電ラジオ波ヘリウムプラズマ原子発光法により有機ハロゲンを測定した。低揮発性有機塩素と塩素化ダイオキシン類実測濃度の相関を調べた結果，メモリー効果によると考えられる影響のため，測定年度により相関式に違いが見られた。また塩素化ダイオキシン類TEQについては，数種の異性体に毒性の大小により重み付けがなされており，塩素量の換算に偏りがあるため，低揮発性有機塩素との相関は弱くなった。しかしながら，本測定法により有機ハロゲンの排出状況，排ガス処理装置の稼動状況，de novo合成の経日的な進行状況を簡易に把握することができ，施設での運転管理にとって有効であることがわかった。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120878467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"コンポスト化材料中でのポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート (PBSA) 系生分解性プラスチックフィルムの分解に及ぼす共存基質の影響","authors":"栄廣 金子, 正則 森川, 健司 三木, 平山 けい子, 公明 平山","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.21.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.21.143","url":null,"abstract":"生ごみ処理機まで生ごみを運搬して投入する際の手間や衛生面の問題を解決する方法のひとつとして，生分解性プラスチック製の袋を生ごみの容器に用い，これを生ごみとともに処理機に投入する方法が考えられる。しかし，この方法が有効であるためには，生ごみとともに投入される生分解性プラスチックが生ごみと同様に速やかに分解されることが必要である。本研究では，モデル実験としてデンプンを共存基質とするコンポスト化材料中で，PBSAとデンプンを主成分とする生分解性プラスチックフィルムがどのような分解挙動を示すかを調べた。その結果，生分解性プラスチックの速やかな分解には，十分な細菌が存在することに加え，共存基質が少ないことが必要であることが明らかとなった。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129631405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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