Nobusuke Kobayashi, Akihide Hayatsu, Yuji Kato, Y. Itaya
Oil-water separation of cutting drainage using a spiral cross flow with ceramic filter was conducted. Hollow ceramic filter (1 . 2 μ m and 2 . 5 μ m openings) with a spiral rod was used as a separation membrane. In the separation experiment, water separation from real cutting drainage, which contained water, mineral oil, detergent and cutting dust, was conducted, and the effect of separation conditions, including emulsion rate, filter opening, and emulsion type, on the separation rate and separation ratio was evaluated. As results, the spiral cross flow using a ceramic filter had the capability to separate water from cutting drainage, and the oil ratio in the separated water was less than 1% regardless of the separation conditions and emulsion types. The separation ratio over the treatment time remained constant at a high value regardless of the separation time. As FT-IR analysis of the filtrate, mineral oil components and water in the cutting drainage were completely separated by the ceramic filter. Water soluble components, such as fatty acid, on the other hand, could not be separated by the ceramic filter.
{"title":"Oil-Water Separation of Cutting Drainage by a Spiral Cross Flow with Ceramic Filter","authors":"Nobusuke Kobayashi, Akihide Hayatsu, Yuji Kato, Y. Itaya","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.29.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.29.219","url":null,"abstract":"Oil-water separation of cutting drainage using a spiral cross flow with ceramic filter was conducted. Hollow ceramic filter (1 . 2 μ m and 2 . 5 μ m openings) with a spiral rod was used as a separation membrane. In the separation experiment, water separation from real cutting drainage, which contained water, mineral oil, detergent and cutting dust, was conducted, and the effect of separation conditions, including emulsion rate, filter opening, and emulsion type, on the separation rate and separation ratio was evaluated. As results, the spiral cross flow using a ceramic filter had the capability to separate water from cutting drainage, and the oil ratio in the separated water was less than 1% regardless of the separation conditions and emulsion types. The separation ratio over the treatment time remained constant at a high value regardless of the separation time. As FT-IR analysis of the filtrate, mineral oil components and water in the cutting drainage were completely separated by the ceramic filter. Water soluble components, such as fatty acid, on the other hand, could not be separated by the ceramic filter.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121069612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solidification Technology for Incineration Ash Using Cement Materials","authors":"Kazuyuki Suzuki, T. Fujii, T. Ayano, Y. Ono","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.320","url":null,"abstract":"本研究は，800℃程度の低温で焼却され，有害な重金属類を多量に含む一般廃棄物の焼却飛灰を，セメント系材料を用いて安全かつ適正に処理する方法を提案するものである。溶融化されていない一般廃棄物の焼却飛灰には，多量の金属アルミニウムが含まれており，セメントを用いて固化を行った場合には水素ガスの発生により，固化体は著しい膨張を生じる。本論文は，この水素ガスによる膨張を抑制するとともに，焼却飛灰に含まれる重金属類の溶出を微量に抑える固化技術の検討を行ったものである。本論文で提案する方法を用いれば，固化体の最終のかさ容積は，処理を行う前の焼却飛灰のかさ容積とほぼ同程度でありながら，鉛等の溶出量は，固化前に比べ2,500分の1程度に抑えることが可能である。本論文では，鉛による溶出試験に加え，バイオアッセイによっても固化体の安全性評価を行い，提案する固化方法の妥当性を示している。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123757514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Material recycling is a meaningful way to reduce environmental impacts and costs simultaneously. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has realized “closed-loop recycling from household appliances to household appliances” in which polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) are collected from a mixture of residual plastics contained in discarded household appliances and sorted for recycling. In this research, the dark-colored recycled PP and the light-colored recycled PP were separated from the mixed-colored recycled PP using a color sorter, and the recycled PP was polished using a plastic polisher to remove surface contamination. As the number of surface polishings of the recycled PP increased, the heat life became longer, so a clear correlation was seen between the heat life and the amount of contamination. From the relationship between the amount of residual copper in the recycled PP and the heat life, it is necessary to set the amount of residual copper in light-colored recycled PP to less than 3 ppm in order to obtain a heat resistance comparable to that of virgin PP without adding a metal deactivator.
{"title":"Study on a Method of Contamination Removal for Recycled PP Sorted from Discarded Household Appliances and the Identification of Materials that Accelerated Thermal Oxidation Degradation","authors":"Y. Matsuo","doi":"10.3985/jjsmcwm.31.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.31.65","url":null,"abstract":"Material recycling is a meaningful way to reduce environmental impacts and costs simultaneously. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has realized “closed-loop recycling from household appliances to household appliances” in which polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) are collected from a mixture of residual plastics contained in discarded household appliances and sorted for recycling. In this research, the dark-colored recycled PP and the light-colored recycled PP were separated from the mixed-colored recycled PP using a color sorter, and the recycled PP was polished using a plastic polisher to remove surface contamination. As the number of surface polishings of the recycled PP increased, the heat life became longer, so a clear correlation was seen between the heat life and the amount of contamination. From the relationship between the amount of residual copper in the recycled PP and the heat life, it is necessary to set the amount of residual copper in light-colored recycled PP to less than 3 ppm in order to obtain a heat resistance comparable to that of virgin PP without adding a metal deactivator.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125538812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Yanase, O. Hirata, Y. Matsufuji, K. Oyamada, S. Ishida
{"title":"Landfill Stabilization Decision Tools with Leachate Quality and Temperature","authors":"R. Yanase, O. Hirata, Y. Matsufuji, K. Oyamada, S. Ishida","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.22.298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.22.298","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126143922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of Components and Operating Conditions on Fused Phosphate Fertilizer Production Using Sewage Sludge Incineration Ash","authors":"Yoshihiro Iwai, Tetsuji Jozuka, Takeshi Kobayashi, T. Kameya, Y. Miyake, Takashi Komatsu, T. Takagi, F. Mishina","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.20.203","url":null,"abstract":"下水汚泥焼却灰を原料とした熔成リン酸質肥料の製造可能性を検討するため，全国14ヶ所の下水汚泥焼却灰26種類の成分について調査し，主要成分や有害成分濃度を明らかにした。下水汚泥焼却灰は，熔成リン酸質肥料原料として利用可能であること，有害成分の一部は肥料取締法公定規格で規定する数値より高いものもあること，肥料として利用する場合には有害成分の除去が必要である焼却灰が多いことを明らかとした。2種類の焼却灰を用いて電気炉 (マッフル炉) により試作した熔成リン酸質肥料は，MgOとCaOを添加して任意の成分比で還元溶融処理することで，P2O5およびMgOのク溶率を高めることができ，肥料として効率的に利用できる可能性を示した。また，この成分比は市販の熔成リン肥製造時の最適成分比とほぼ同じ比率であった。有害成分は，概ね溶融過程で含有量が減少し，基準値を下回るものがほとんどであることが明らかとなった。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128635185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simultaneous Recovery of Ammonium, Phosphorus and Potassium by Crystallization from Swine Wastewater","authors":"Y. Dote, T. Sekito","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.28.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.28.152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125079369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxidative Decomposition and Mineralization of Refractory Pharmaceutical Products using Persulfate","authors":"R. Uchida, M. Kubota, H. Matsuda, N. Uemura","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.1130301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.1130301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125845254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Steel Pipe Sheet Pile Cutoff Walls with Leachate Collection System at Coastal Waste Landfill Sites","authors":"S. Inazumi, M. Kimura, Takuzo Kuzu, M. Kobayashi","doi":"10.3985/JJSMCWM.23.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/JJSMCWM.23.42","url":null,"abstract":"海面廃棄物最終処分場の環境安全性を建設段階から将来にわたって維持・保障した上で跡地利用を促すためには，水溶性廃棄物を含む保有水等の浸出を防止するとともに，廃棄物を効果的に浄化するシステムを構築することが重要である。本研究は，H-H継手の内部空間に種々の技術を適用した集排水機能を有する鋼管矢板部材を提案し，その実現性ならびに継手箇所における集排水特性を空間活用実証試験により追究する。その結果として，集排水機能を有する鋼管矢板部材としてH-H継手の内部空間を活用した諸技術は導入可能であること，また，接着・塗布する膨潤性止水材の厚さを調整することでH-H継手のフランジ嵌合部における遮水性能 (集排水特性) をコントロールできることが明らかとなった。","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133896071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined emissions of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from fabric filters in aluminum alloy smelting plants. The results are expected to indicate means of reducing these emissions from sources, such as metal smelting furnaces, where emission control by existing exhaust gas treatments is insufficient. Measurement of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in fabric filters revealed their formation at around 100℃, at which temperatures these by-products were presumed to be formed only slightly. In laboratory experiments using fly ash collected from fabric filters, formation was confirmed below 100℃ by long-term heating of more than 18 hr or preheating above the set temperature. This heating was regarded as necessary for reactivation of the catalysts in fly ash. Comparison of fly ash samples collected from three plants elucidated that water-soluble chlorides such as potassium chloride were the principal source of chlorine during formation at low temperatures. This comparison led to the inference that water spraying of flue gas is effective for reducing dioxins and PCB emissions from aluminum alloy smelting plants.
{"title":"Emission Control of Unintentionally Produced POPs at Low Temperature in Aluminum Alloy Smelting Plants","authors":"T. Hatanaka","doi":"10.3985/jjsmcwm.33.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.33.30","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined emissions of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from fabric filters in aluminum alloy smelting plants. The results are expected to indicate means of reducing these emissions from sources, such as metal smelting furnaces, where emission control by existing exhaust gas treatments is insufficient. Measurement of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in fabric filters revealed their formation at around 100℃, at which temperatures these by-products were presumed to be formed only slightly. In laboratory experiments using fly ash collected from fabric filters, formation was confirmed below 100℃ by long-term heating of more than 18 hr or preheating above the set temperature. This heating was regarded as necessary for reactivation of the catalysts in fly ash. Comparison of fly ash samples collected from three plants elucidated that water-soluble chlorides such as potassium chloride were the principal source of chlorine during formation at low temperatures. This comparison led to the inference that water spraying of flue gas is effective for reducing dioxins and PCB emissions from aluminum alloy smelting plants.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130363357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Hirose, M. Kushibiki, Hiromi Tushima, K. Shibata
The basic characteristics of FRP (Fiber-reinforced plastic) with scallop shells as the filler, including thickness and strength, were investigated through comparisons of non-mixture in limestone and based on limestone fillers in FRP. It was found that the mixture of resin and scallop shell was higher in the viscosity than the mixture of resin and limestone. The thickness of the scallop shell filler increased with a mixing rate higher than 30% but changed little for the non-mixture in limestone and calcium carbonate filler. The strength of the scallop shell filler decreased with a mixing rate higher than 30%, while that of non-mixture in limestone and limestone filler was constant. The results suggest that scallop shell fillers could achieve a strength and thickness comparable to that of non-mixture in limestone and limestone filler, and that a mixing rate lower than 30% of scallop shells can be utilized in FRP.
{"title":"Basic Characteristics of FRP with Scallop Shells as the Filler","authors":"T. Hirose, M. Kushibiki, Hiromi Tushima, K. Shibata","doi":"10.3985/jjsmcwm.22.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3985/jjsmcwm.22.87","url":null,"abstract":"The basic characteristics of FRP (Fiber-reinforced plastic) with scallop shells as the filler, including thickness and strength, were investigated through comparisons of non-mixture in limestone and based on limestone fillers in FRP. It was found that the mixture of resin and scallop shell was higher in the viscosity than the mixture of resin and limestone. The thickness of the scallop shell filler increased with a mixing rate higher than 30% but changed little for the non-mixture in limestone and calcium carbonate filler. The strength of the scallop shell filler decreased with a mixing rate higher than 30%, while that of non-mixture in limestone and limestone filler was constant. The results suggest that scallop shell fillers could achieve a strength and thickness comparable to that of non-mixture in limestone and limestone filler, and that a mixing rate lower than 30% of scallop shells can be utilized in FRP.","PeriodicalId":432877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116910817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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