Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686220
F. Gity, V. Ahmadi, M. Noshiravani, K. Abedi
Microscopic voids in the die attachment solder layers of high power laser diodes (HPLDs) cause to degrade their overall thermal transfer performance. This paper presents the effects of voids on the thermal conductivity, leakage and threshold currents, characteristic temperature (T0) and output power of a single quantum well (SQW) HPLD. These effects are modeled by means of finite difference method (FDM). This numerical model calculates the time-dependent axial variations of photon density, carrier density and temperature in semiconductor laser self-consistently. The temperature dependence of the wavelength shift and the thermal mode hopping concept is also demonstrated.
{"title":"Numerical analysis of void-induced thermal effects on GaAs/AlGaAs high power quantum well laser diodes","authors":"F. Gity, V. Ahmadi, M. Noshiravani, K. Abedi","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686220","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopic voids in the die attachment solder layers of high power laser diodes (HPLDs) cause to degrade their overall thermal transfer performance. This paper presents the effects of voids on the thermal conductivity, leakage and threshold currents, characteristic temperature (T0) and output power of a single quantum well (SQW) HPLD. These effects are modeled by means of finite difference method (FDM). This numerical model calculates the time-dependent axial variations of photon density, carrier density and temperature in semiconductor laser self-consistently. The temperature dependence of the wavelength shift and the thermal mode hopping concept is also demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130315242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686218
M. Zribi, A. Oteafy
The paper deals with the control of a bioreactor. Three sliding mode control schemes are proposed for the bioreactor benchmark problem. The first two controllers are static sliding mode controllers; the third controller is a dynamic sliding mode controller. The three controllers guarantee the asymptotic convergence of the states of the system to their desired values. Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. It is found that the proposed control schemes work well for the benchmark bioreactor problem. Also, the simulation results indicate that the proposed schemes are robust to variations in the parameters of the plant.
{"title":"Control of a bioreactor using static and dynamic sliding mode controllers","authors":"M. Zribi, A. Oteafy","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686218","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the control of a bioreactor. Three sliding mode control schemes are proposed for the bioreactor benchmark problem. The first two controllers are static sliding mode controllers; the third controller is a dynamic sliding mode controller. The three controllers guarantee the asymptotic convergence of the states of the system to their desired values. Simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. It is found that the proposed control schemes work well for the benchmark bioreactor problem. Also, the simulation results indicate that the proposed schemes are robust to variations in the parameters of the plant.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122621693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686214
H. Okamoto, K. Anwar, T. Hara, M. Saito, M. Okada, H. Yamamoto
This paper proposes a new technique for peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) reduction without spectrum broadening for Carrier Interferometry orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CI/OFDM) system. Recently, Carrier Interferometry (CI) code is becoming an interesting code for reducing the PAPR of OFDM system. However, for guaranteeing the low PAPR as the PAPR of single carrier (i.e. by about 4-6dB with roll-of-factor of 0.2-0.5), we propose low complexity clipping technique for CI/OFDM system. However, it can be easily adapted for other OFDM systems. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a new clipping technique with low complexity frequency domain filtering (FDF) which is employed prior to the IFFT. The benefits of the proposed technique are low complexity of FDF and no spectrum broadening. Our results confirm that the PAPR of clipped CI/OFDM can be reduced by about 1dB better than that of the conventional clipped OFDM signals. We clarified that the PAPR is now similar to the PAPR of single carrier system. In the frequency selective fading channel, the bit-error-rate (BER) performance is also improved by about 7dB better than that of the traditional OFDM system due to the frequency diversity benefits in CI/OFDM system.
{"title":"A new concept of clipping without spectrum broadening for carrier interferometry OFDM system","authors":"H. Okamoto, K. Anwar, T. Hara, M. Saito, M. Okada, H. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686214","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new technique for peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) reduction without spectrum broadening for Carrier Interferometry orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CI/OFDM) system. Recently, Carrier Interferometry (CI) code is becoming an interesting code for reducing the PAPR of OFDM system. However, for guaranteeing the low PAPR as the PAPR of single carrier (i.e. by about 4-6dB with roll-of-factor of 0.2-0.5), we propose low complexity clipping technique for CI/OFDM system. However, it can be easily adapted for other OFDM systems. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a new clipping technique with low complexity frequency domain filtering (FDF) which is employed prior to the IFFT. The benefits of the proposed technique are low complexity of FDF and no spectrum broadening. Our results confirm that the PAPR of clipped CI/OFDM can be reduced by about 1dB better than that of the conventional clipped OFDM signals. We clarified that the PAPR is now similar to the PAPR of single carrier system. In the frequency selective fading channel, the bit-error-rate (BER) performance is also improved by about 7dB better than that of the traditional OFDM system due to the frequency diversity benefits in CI/OFDM system.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123151491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686185
E. Al-Gallaf
This research article presents a Fuzzy structure for a Model Predictive Control (MPC) system. MPC theorem has recently been incorporated with fuzzy models. Such an integration provides controller design methods for an MPC control system. The paper concentrates on aspects of fuzzy based MPC for multivariable systems. Mathematical formulation of linearized MPC is utilized to introduce the concept of fuzzy based MPC scheme, then fuzzy MPC is constructed based on a modeled pH reactor.
{"title":"Intelligent nonlinear predictive control","authors":"E. Al-Gallaf","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686185","url":null,"abstract":"This research article presents a Fuzzy structure for a Model Predictive Control (MPC) system. MPC theorem has recently been incorporated with fuzzy models. Such an integration provides controller design methods for an MPC control system. The paper concentrates on aspects of fuzzy based MPC for multivariable systems. Mathematical formulation of linearized MPC is utilized to introduce the concept of fuzzy based MPC scheme, then fuzzy MPC is constructed based on a modeled pH reactor.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"11 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120872400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686235
N. Zaeri
In January 2005, the State of Kuwait has launched one of the most advanced and sophisticated environmental projects in the Middle-East to monitor its water territories. This leading project, which is funded by the Environment Public Authority, is considered the main building block for a huge integrated system to monitor the environmental status for the whole area of Kuwait. The advanced system consists of a number of buoys integrated with the state-of-the-art suite of sensors that measure a number of important biological and chemical parameters in water. These parameters are crucial to monitor if someone is seeking to inspect the oil pollution, Industrial pollution, Organic pollution, and Sewage and Wastewater. Finally, this system enhances the capability in predicting any abnormal or undesired event that may affect the eco-system of the State of Kuwait.
{"title":"Marine environment monitoring system for Kuwaiti water territories","authors":"N. Zaeri","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686235","url":null,"abstract":"In January 2005, the State of Kuwait has launched one of the most advanced and sophisticated environmental projects in the Middle-East to monitor its water territories. This leading project, which is funded by the Environment Public Authority, is considered the main building block for a huge integrated system to monitor the environmental status for the whole area of Kuwait. The advanced system consists of a number of buoys integrated with the state-of-the-art suite of sensors that measure a number of important biological and chemical parameters in water. These parameters are crucial to monitor if someone is seeking to inspect the oil pollution, Industrial pollution, Organic pollution, and Sewage and Wastewater. Finally, this system enhances the capability in predicting any abnormal or undesired event that may affect the eco-system of the State of Kuwait.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124612219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686248
S. Ouamour, M. Guerti, H. Sayoud
In this paper we propose a new algorithm called ISI or “Interlaced Speech Indexing”, developed and implemented for the task of speaker detection and tracking. It consists in finding the identity of a well-defined speaker and the moments of his interventions inside an audio document, in order to access rapidly, directly and easily to his speech. Speaker Tracking can broadly be divided into two problems: Locating the points of speaker change (Segmentation of the document) and looking for the target speaker in each segment using a verification system in order to extract his global speech in the document: Speaker Detection. For the segmentation task, we developed a method based on an interlaced equidistant segmentation (IES) associated with the ISI algorithm. This approach uses a speaker identification method based on Second Order Statistical Measures (SOSM). As SOSM measures, we choose the “μGc” one, which is based on the covariance matrix. However, the experiments showed that this method needs, at least, a speech length of 2 seconds, which means that the segmentation resolution will be 2 seconds. By combining the SOSM with the new Indexing technique (ISI), we demonstrate that the average segmentation error is reduced to only 0.5 second, which is more accurate and more interesting for real-time applications. Results indicate that the association SOSM-ISI provides a high resolution and a high tracking performance: the tracking score (percentage of correctly labelled segments) is 95% on TIMIT database and 92.4% on Hub4 database.
{"title":"“ISI” a new method for automatic speaker tracking and detection","authors":"S. Ouamour, M. Guerti, H. Sayoud","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686248","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a new algorithm called ISI or “Interlaced Speech Indexing”, developed and implemented for the task of speaker detection and tracking. It consists in finding the identity of a well-defined speaker and the moments of his interventions inside an audio document, in order to access rapidly, directly and easily to his speech. Speaker Tracking can broadly be divided into two problems: Locating the points of speaker change (Segmentation of the document) and looking for the target speaker in each segment using a verification system in order to extract his global speech in the document: Speaker Detection. For the segmentation task, we developed a method based on an interlaced equidistant segmentation (IES) associated with the ISI algorithm. This approach uses a speaker identification method based on Second Order Statistical Measures (SOSM). As SOSM measures, we choose the “μGc” one, which is based on the covariance matrix. However, the experiments showed that this method needs, at least, a speech length of 2 seconds, which means that the segmentation resolution will be 2 seconds. By combining the SOSM with the new Indexing technique (ISI), we demonstrate that the average segmentation error is reduced to only 0.5 second, which is more accurate and more interesting for real-time applications. Results indicate that the association SOSM-ISI provides a high resolution and a high tracking performance: the tracking score (percentage of correctly labelled segments) is 95% on TIMIT database and 92.4% on Hub4 database.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134035581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686180
Ahmed J. Jameel, Hadeel Adnan, Y. Xiaohu
The objective of this paper is to simulate numerically the wireless channel and the V-BLAST architecture to compare the performance of these systems using linear nulling and symbol cancellation along linear nulling for a zero forcing (ZF) and a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver. We will also compare the performance of V-BLAST and the Successive Cancellation Receiver (SUC) against the QR decomposition as an approximation of V-BLAST, trying to develop a less calculation intensive algorithm. The simulation will compute the frame error rate in both cases for different values of SNR in a flat fading channel. The transmitted symbols will be modulated using a QPSK constellation with 4 transmitters and 6 receivers. The results will be compared to those measured in the laboratory of the optimum V-BLAST.
{"title":"Performance analysis of layered space-time codes in wireless communications channels","authors":"Ahmed J. Jameel, Hadeel Adnan, Y. Xiaohu","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686180","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to simulate numerically the wireless channel and the V-BLAST architecture to compare the performance of these systems using linear nulling and symbol cancellation along linear nulling for a zero forcing (ZF) and a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver. We will also compare the performance of V-BLAST and the Successive Cancellation Receiver (SUC) against the QR decomposition as an approximation of V-BLAST, trying to develop a less calculation intensive algorithm. The simulation will compute the frame error rate in both cases for different values of SNR in a flat fading channel. The transmitted symbols will be modulated using a QPSK constellation with 4 transmitters and 6 receivers. The results will be compared to those measured in the laboratory of the optimum V-BLAST.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134045082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686183
S. Alqahtani, Ashraf S Mhmoud
The 3G cellular mobile systems which are based on WCDMA technology are expected to be interference limited. Soft capacity is one of the main characteristics of 3G (i.e, UMTS) and it requires new radio resource management strategies to serve diverse quality of service requirements. In this paper, a WCDMA prioritized uplink call admission control (CAC) algorithm for UMTS, which combines QoS negotiation and service differentiation by priority, is studied. This CAC scheme gives preferential treatment to high priority calls, such as soft handoff calls, by reserving some bandwidth margin (soft guard channel) to reduce handoff failures. In addition, queuing is also used to enhance the handoff success probability. The algorithm uses the effective load as an admission criterion and applies different thresholds for new and handoff calls. Finally, the study considers two types of services: voice and data calls. Results indicate that this algorithm reduces the drop handoff calls and increases the total system capacity; hence the GoS and the system performance can significantly be improved especially in case of high mobility environments.
{"title":"A QoS-Aware call admission control algorithm for 3G cellular wireless networks","authors":"S. Alqahtani, Ashraf S Mhmoud","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686183","url":null,"abstract":"The 3G cellular mobile systems which are based on WCDMA technology are expected to be interference limited. Soft capacity is one of the main characteristics of 3G (i.e, UMTS) and it requires new radio resource management strategies to serve diverse quality of service requirements. In this paper, a WCDMA prioritized uplink call admission control (CAC) algorithm for UMTS, which combines QoS negotiation and service differentiation by priority, is studied. This CAC scheme gives preferential treatment to high priority calls, such as soft handoff calls, by reserving some bandwidth margin (soft guard channel) to reduce handoff failures. In addition, queuing is also used to enhance the handoff success probability. The algorithm uses the effective load as an admission criterion and applies different thresholds for new and handoff calls. Finally, the study considers two types of services: voice and data calls. Results indicate that this algorithm reduces the drop handoff calls and increases the total system capacity; hence the GoS and the system performance can significantly be improved especially in case of high mobility environments.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134078268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686199
N. Maricar
The excessive use of energy in industrial sectors necessitates the decision maker to always question on how the energy is being used efficiently. Energy used for air-conditioning and lighting in a medium industry counts for almost 60% of the total energy used. The small percentage of energy use reduction relates to the lower product cost and higher profit margins. Therefore, it is important to the decision makers of an industry to have a proper method to audit the building plant and to come up with the practical actions needed in optimizing the use of energy, while at the same time to improve the comfort and product quality. This paper shows the data mining web application for energy audit that can be used in a typical industrial site.
{"title":"Industrial energy audit web application using data mining model","authors":"N. Maricar","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686199","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive use of energy in industrial sectors necessitates the decision maker to always question on how the energy is being used efficiently. Energy used for air-conditioning and lighting in a medium industry counts for almost 60% of the total energy used. The small percentage of energy use reduction relates to the lower product cost and higher profit margins. Therefore, it is important to the decision makers of an industry to have a proper method to audit the building plant and to come up with the practical actions needed in optimizing the use of energy, while at the same time to improve the comfort and product quality. This paper shows the data mining web application for energy audit that can be used in a typical industrial site.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133314407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-20DOI: 10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686210
A. Hatami, M. Fotuhi‐Firuzabad
Substations and switching stations are critical segments in an electric power system. Their impacts on system operation and the consequential effects of their components failure are usually more dominant in overall power system reliability. There is always a degree of uncertainty in the practical input data used in reliability analysis. This paper presents a conceptual possibilistic approach using fuzzy set theory to manage the uncertainties in the reliability input data such as failure rate, repair time and operation of protective devices. Suitable fuzzy numbers are proposed for components reliability data. Load of feeders are also represented by fuzzy numbers and their impact on ENS (Energy Not Supplied) and OC (Outage Cost) are examined. The proposed approach is applied to a practical 230/63 KV substation and the results are presented.
{"title":"Evaluation of substation reliability indices and outage cost based on fuzzy arithmetic","authors":"A. Hatami, M. Fotuhi‐Firuzabad","doi":"10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEEGCC.2006.5686210","url":null,"abstract":"Substations and switching stations are critical segments in an electric power system. Their impacts on system operation and the consequential effects of their components failure are usually more dominant in overall power system reliability. There is always a degree of uncertainty in the practical input data used in reliability analysis. This paper presents a conceptual possibilistic approach using fuzzy set theory to manage the uncertainties in the reliability input data such as failure rate, repair time and operation of protective devices. Suitable fuzzy numbers are proposed for components reliability data. Load of feeders are also represented by fuzzy numbers and their impact on ENS (Energy Not Supplied) and OC (Outage Cost) are examined. The proposed approach is applied to a practical 230/63 KV substation and the results are presented.","PeriodicalId":433452,"journal":{"name":"2006 IEEE GCC Conference (GCC)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124546939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：