K. Sasai, Luc Chouinard, Gabriel J. Power, David Conciatori, Nicolas Zufferey
Developing proper maintenance and rehabilitation investment plans is vital for prolonging the service life of road infrastructures while preserving required service level under capital constraints. This paper proposes a reinforcement learning approach for determining an optimal policy of selecting maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation alternatives for a network of road infrastructure facilities. The proposed approach is based on a policy gradient method and overcomes the computational complexity of optimization problems due to a large number of possible combinations of the network conditions and maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation alternatives. The developed optimal management policy takes into consideration interdependencies among infrastructure facilities in a road network. Numerical studies on concrete bridge decks in road networks are performed to demonstrate the advantage, feasibility, and capability of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Decision-making for road infrastructures in a network based on a policy gradient method","authors":"K. Sasai, Luc Chouinard, Gabriel J. Power, David Conciatori, Nicolas Zufferey","doi":"10.1680/jinam.23.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.23.00045","url":null,"abstract":"Developing proper maintenance and rehabilitation investment plans is vital for prolonging the service life of road infrastructures while preserving required service level under capital constraints. This paper proposes a reinforcement learning approach for determining an optimal policy of selecting maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation alternatives for a network of road infrastructure facilities. The proposed approach is based on a policy gradient method and overcomes the computational complexity of optimization problems due to a large number of possible combinations of the network conditions and maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation alternatives. The developed optimal management policy takes into consideration interdependencies among infrastructure facilities in a road network. Numerical studies on concrete bridge decks in road networks are performed to demonstrate the advantage, feasibility, and capability of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":43387,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructure Asset Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To ensure the construction safety of large foundation pit engineering (FPE) and optimize the data collection method, this paper applies sensors and automatic collection items to automatic data collection based on traditional manual measurement. Data processing and analysis are carried out through the large FPE detection system construction. In the early warning module, the improved Grey Model (GM) (1,1), namely the improved method G, is used to predict the settlement of buildings around the monitoring project, and its reliability is analyzed. The improved method G has a good test result. Compared with method G and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), the improved Method G has a better prediction effect and smaller prediction error. When compared with method G, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the method used in the paper is smaller, which is −0.01. The root mean square value of absolute error is smaller, which is 0.0.54 less than method G. Compared with the ARIMA model, the average RE of the method used in this paper is 3.97%, which is 0.05% less than that. This method can be used to collect and predict data on large foundation pit (FP) construction sites, which is conducive to ensuring construction safety.
为确保大型基坑工程（FPE）的施工安全，优化数据采集方法，本文在传统人工测量的基础上，应用传感器和自动采集项进行数据自动采集。通过大型 FPE 检测系统的构建，进行数据处理和分析。在预警模块中，采用改进的灰色模型（GM）(1,1)，即改进方法 G，对监测项目周边建筑物的沉降进行预测，并对其可靠性进行分析。改进方法 G 的测试结果良好。与方法 G 和自回归综合移动平均模型（ARIMA）相比，改进方法 G 的预测效果更好，预测误差更小。与方法 G 相比，本文所用方法的平均绝对误差（MAE）更小，为-0.01。与 ARIMA 模型相比，本文所用方法的平均 RE 为 3.97%，比其小 0.05%。该方法可用于大型基坑（FP）施工现场的数据采集与预测，有利于确保施工安全。
{"title":"Data acquisition method for digital construction site of large foundation pit engineering","authors":"Yueyue Zhang, Liu Yang","doi":"10.1680/jinam.23.00059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.23.00059","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the construction safety of large foundation pit engineering (FPE) and optimize the data collection method, this paper applies sensors and automatic collection items to automatic data collection based on traditional manual measurement. Data processing and analysis are carried out through the large FPE detection system construction. In the early warning module, the improved Grey Model (GM) (1,1), namely the improved method G, is used to predict the settlement of buildings around the monitoring project, and its reliability is analyzed. The improved method G has a good test result. Compared with method G and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), the improved Method G has a better prediction effect and smaller prediction error. When compared with method G, the mean absolute error (MAE) of the method used in the paper is smaller, which is −0.01. The root mean square value of absolute error is smaller, which is 0.0.54 less than method G. Compared with the ARIMA model, the average RE of the method used in this paper is 3.97%, which is 0.05% less than that. This method can be used to collect and predict data on large foundation pit (FP) construction sites, which is conducive to ensuring construction safety.","PeriodicalId":43387,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructure Asset Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140988648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reasonable grid line engineering asset management is an important means for power companies to improve economic efficiency under the new electricity reform situation. Based on the whole life cycle theory, from the perspective of line asset acquisition, this paper put into use to the decommissioning of the whole process of cost perspective and analyzed the line project construction to decommissioning and scrapping of the whole process of the cost. Through the calculation of the whole life cycle of the smallest annual cost, to determine the line economic life, we constructed the whole life cycle of the grid line project economic cost framework, put forward the best decommissioning time of the grid line model, that is, the economic life model. A case study was conducted based on a project example from a certain power grid company in China. The research results of this paper can reduce the economic cost of operation and maintenance of power grid enterprises, improve the efficiency of input and output, and provide reference suggestions for optimizing the management of line engineering and other power assets of power grid companies.
{"title":"Economic life cycle model for the cost of power grid line engineering project","authors":"Xia Qi, Xu Ma, Xiaoman Zhang, Zhenyu Zhao","doi":"10.1680/jinam.23.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.23.00039","url":null,"abstract":"Reasonable grid line engineering asset management is an important means for power companies to improve economic efficiency under the new electricity reform situation. Based on the whole life cycle theory, from the perspective of line asset acquisition, this paper put into use to the decommissioning of the whole process of cost perspective and analyzed the line project construction to decommissioning and scrapping of the whole process of the cost. Through the calculation of the whole life cycle of the smallest annual cost, to determine the line economic life, we constructed the whole life cycle of the grid line project economic cost framework, put forward the best decommissioning time of the grid line model, that is, the economic life model. A case study was conducted based on a project example from a certain power grid company in China. The research results of this paper can reduce the economic cost of operation and maintenance of power grid enterprises, improve the efficiency of input and output, and provide reference suggestions for optimizing the management of line engineering and other power assets of power grid companies.","PeriodicalId":43387,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructure Asset Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140720278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the spread of globalization, the transition of various states to common standards, including in the field of international freight transportation, becomes especially relevant. At the same time, digitalization, that is, the transfer of document flow, accounting, and payments to electronic format, as well as remote security and maintenance of logistics centres, are necessary components of such a process. The purpose of this work is to find out the effectiveness of logistics on the example of the countries that are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as the United States of America, to compare them and identify key trends in the development of the field of road freight transport. In the work, methods of statistical analysis and forecasting were applied, graphs of the Logistics Efficiency Index for the countries studied were drawn up and the most promising international transport and logistics projects were identified. As a result, logistics performance indices were obtained in the context of indicators from 2007 to 2023, the average Commonwealth indicator was determined and compared with a similar indicator of the United States. Also, key innovations in the field of transport services were considered, allowing Western companies to have a significant advantage in the development of logistics efficiency. The prospects of the Commonwealth countries in the leading Eurasian transport corridors and the advantages of such integration in comparison with intra-union projects were determined. The practical significance of the work lies in determining the current guidelines for the development of the logistics and freight transport sectors after a significant change in the balance of power on the Eurasian continent and the introduction of a wide range of economic sanctions that paralysed a number of previously promising strategic areas.
{"title":"Automation and digitalization of transport forwarding services or logistics","authors":"Ramil Gizetdinov","doi":"10.1680/jinam.23.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.23.00050","url":null,"abstract":"With the spread of globalization, the transition of various states to common standards, including in the field of international freight transportation, becomes especially relevant. At the same time, digitalization, that is, the transfer of document flow, accounting, and payments to electronic format, as well as remote security and maintenance of logistics centres, are necessary components of such a process. The purpose of this work is to find out the effectiveness of logistics on the example of the countries that are members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as the United States of America, to compare them and identify key trends in the development of the field of road freight transport. In the work, methods of statistical analysis and forecasting were applied, graphs of the Logistics Efficiency Index for the countries studied were drawn up and the most promising international transport and logistics projects were identified. As a result, logistics performance indices were obtained in the context of indicators from 2007 to 2023, the average Commonwealth indicator was determined and compared with a similar indicator of the United States. Also, key innovations in the field of transport services were considered, allowing Western companies to have a significant advantage in the development of logistics efficiency. The prospects of the Commonwealth countries in the leading Eurasian transport corridors and the advantages of such integration in comparison with intra-union projects were determined. The practical significance of the work lies in determining the current guidelines for the development of the logistics and freight transport sectors after a significant change in the balance of power on the Eurasian continent and the introduction of a wide range of economic sanctions that paralysed a number of previously promising strategic areas.","PeriodicalId":43387,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructure Asset Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ensuring the through-life quality of infrastructure systems is a fundamental instrument in providing economic development and enhancing quality of life. The complexity of infrastructure networks themselves, the operations of the public entities which manage them and the governance systems which oversee them make this a challenging activity. This research uses the city of Arequipa in Peru as a case study to bridge the knowledge gap on the behaviour of such municipalities regarding the management of infrastructure systems. It employs qualitative Systems Dynamics Modelling through a methodology based on the V-Model, with its emphasis on validation and verification, and framed in the systems thinking approach. First, 67 variables characterising the management of infrastructure systems in Arequipa are identified from literature and semi-structured interviews with key actors. Second, a model of the system is constructed using Causal Loop Diagrams. Within this model, 33 feedback loops are identified, formed from the causal influences between variables. Third, a diagnosis is carried out that unequivocally illuminates the municipalities’ failure patterns. Fourth, by identifying leverage points, a paradigm shifting intervention is proposed along with tools that municipalities can implement to improve their performance. Finally, these proposals are validated with key actors through a focus group.
确保基础设施系统的终生质量是促进经济发展和提高生活质量的基本手段。基础设施网络本身的复杂性、管理这些网络的公共实体的运作以及监督这些网络的治理系统，都使这项工作具有挑战性。本研究以秘鲁阿雷基帕市为案例，弥补了此类城市在基础设施系统管理行为方面的知识空白。研究采用了定性系统动力学建模方法，该方法以 V 模型为基础，强调验证和核实，并以系统思维方法为框架。首先，从文献和对主要参与者的半结构式访谈中确定了 67 个变量，这些变量是阿雷基帕市基础设施系统管理的特征。其次，使用因果循环图构建系统模型。在该模型中，根据变量之间的因果影响，确定了 33 个反馈回路。第三，进行诊断，明确揭示市政当局的失败模式。第四，通过确定杠杆点，提出了转变模式的干预措施，以及市政当局可以实施的改善绩效的工具。最后，通过焦点小组与主要行动者对这些建议进行验证。
{"title":"Local infrastructure governance in Peru – a systems thinking appraisal","authors":"Alain J Espinoza Vigil, N. Carhart","doi":"10.1680/jinam.22.00037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.22.00037","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring the through-life quality of infrastructure systems is a fundamental instrument in providing economic development and enhancing quality of life. The complexity of infrastructure networks themselves, the operations of the public entities which manage them and the governance systems which oversee them make this a challenging activity. This research uses the city of Arequipa in Peru as a case study to bridge the knowledge gap on the behaviour of such municipalities regarding the management of infrastructure systems. It employs qualitative Systems Dynamics Modelling through a methodology based on the V-Model, with its emphasis on validation and verification, and framed in the systems thinking approach. First, 67 variables characterising the management of infrastructure systems in Arequipa are identified from literature and semi-structured interviews with key actors. Second, a model of the system is constructed using Causal Loop Diagrams. Within this model, 33 feedback loops are identified, formed from the causal influences between variables. Third, a diagnosis is carried out that unequivocally illuminates the municipalities’ failure patterns. Fourth, by identifying leverage points, a paradigm shifting intervention is proposed along with tools that municipalities can implement to improve their performance. Finally, these proposals are validated with key actors through a focus group.","PeriodicalId":43387,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructure Asset Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140378920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cultural relics carry the precious heritage of historical culture and contemporary civilization, and their importance cannot be replaced. However, as a non renewable cultural heritage, grotto temples are facing many value threats and crises of rapid extinction. Due to the unique environment, diverse volume, and complex geometric structure of the cave temples, the protection of cultural relics faces enormous challenges, and digitization has become the most important and effective preventive protection method. In this study, a perfect modeling method is proposed, that is, using 3 D laser scanning technology to obtain the point cloud data of grottoes relics, near-up photogrammetry to obtain multi-angle and high-resolution two-dimensional image data, and obtaining the complete geometric model of grottoes through the fusion modeling of laser point cloud and image dense matching point cloud. In addition, according to the texture mapping problem of complex models, the high resolution mapping of the texture image is realized by using the weighted thin plate spline function, so as to obtain the high quality and high precision three-dimensional cultural relic model. The improved algorithm’s registration method performs better in terms of Euclidean distance residuals, with residuals mainly distributed in the range of 0.02 to 0.03 millimeters. In terms of texture mapping, the model mapping accuracy is adjusted by adjusting the constraints of control points. The grayscale values of 50 pixels around the control point show significant gradient changes in the X direction, while the changes in the Y direction are relatively small. These methods and technologies provide practical and effective means for the protection and preservation of cultural relics in cave temples, and will provide important references for future cultural relic protection work.
文物承载着历史文化和当代文明的珍贵遗产，其重要性不可替代。然而，作为不可再生的文化遗产，石窟寺正面临着诸多价值威胁和迅速消亡的危机。由于石窟寺环境独特、体量多样、几何结构复杂，文物保护面临巨大挑战，数字化成为最重要、最有效的预防性保护方法。本研究提出了一种完善的建模方法，即利用三维激光扫描技术获取石窟文物的点云数据，近景摄影测量获取多角度、高分辨率的二维影像数据，通过激光点云和影像密集匹配点云的融合建模，获得石窟完整的几何模型。此外，针对复杂模型的纹理映射问题，利用加权薄板样条函数实现纹理图像的高分辨率映射，从而获得高质量、高精度的三维文物模型。改进算法的配准方法在欧氏距离残差方面表现较好，残差主要分布在 0.02 至 0.03 毫米之间。在纹理映射方面，通过调整控制点的约束条件来调整模型映射精度。控制点周围 50 个像素的灰度值在 X 方向上有明显的梯度变化，而在 Y 方向上的变化相对较小。这些方法和技术为石窟寺文物的保护和保存提供了实用有效的手段，为今后的文物保护工作提供了重要参考。
{"title":"Refined modeling and protection of grotto monastery based on ICP algorithm and Poisson algorithm","authors":"Xiaoli Li","doi":"10.1680/jinam.23.00051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.23.00051","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural relics carry the precious heritage of historical culture and contemporary civilization, and their importance cannot be replaced. However, as a non renewable cultural heritage, grotto temples are facing many value threats and crises of rapid extinction. Due to the unique environment, diverse volume, and complex geometric structure of the cave temples, the protection of cultural relics faces enormous challenges, and digitization has become the most important and effective preventive protection method. In this study, a perfect modeling method is proposed, that is, using 3 D laser scanning technology to obtain the point cloud data of grottoes relics, near-up photogrammetry to obtain multi-angle and high-resolution two-dimensional image data, and obtaining the complete geometric model of grottoes through the fusion modeling of laser point cloud and image dense matching point cloud. In addition, according to the texture mapping problem of complex models, the high resolution mapping of the texture image is realized by using the weighted thin plate spline function, so as to obtain the high quality and high precision three-dimensional cultural relic model. The improved algorithm’s registration method performs better in terms of Euclidean distance residuals, with residuals mainly distributed in the range of 0.02 to 0.03 millimeters. In terms of texture mapping, the model mapping accuracy is adjusted by adjusting the constraints of control points. The grayscale values of 50 pixels around the control point show significant gradient changes in the X direction, while the changes in the Y direction are relatively small. These methods and technologies provide practical and effective means for the protection and preservation of cultural relics in cave temples, and will provide important references for future cultural relic protection work.","PeriodicalId":43387,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructure Asset Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bryant M L Lai, C. Martani, Orlando Roman, B. Adey
The high concentration of people in train stations during rush hour poses a significant risk to passenger comfort and safety. Recent technological advancements in real-time crowd counting and pedestrian microsimulations have made it feasible to create responsive gateways for managing passenger flow to prevent overcrowding situations. This paper proposes a simulation-based cost-benefit analysis, utilizing the Real Options methodology commonly employed to assess flexible infrastructure, to estimate the costs and benefits associated with implementing responsive gateways at the London Bridge Station, while considering uncertainties in passenger flow and the interests of various stakeholders. Results from the demonstrative example indicate that the responsive gateways offer a better service than the static ones mainly due to the expected reduction in the risks related to safety, travel time and comfort that compensate for a higher cost of installation and maintenance. Further research is envisioned to enhance the modeling of passenger flow uncertainties and expand the objective function to encompass additional externalities. The simulation-based cost-benefit analysis proposed in this paper can be extended to a broader range of intelligent transportation systems, considering uncertainties and their diverse impacts on society. Thus, this paper presents a tool that contributes to a more transparent and objective investment decision-making process, particularly concerning the development of smart cities.
{"title":"Evaluating intelligent transport systems for multiple stakeholders and considering future uncertainty: a simulation-based cost-benefit analysis of responsive gateways at the London Bridge Station","authors":"Bryant M L Lai, C. Martani, Orlando Roman, B. Adey","doi":"10.1680/jinam.23.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.23.00026","url":null,"abstract":"The high concentration of people in train stations during rush hour poses a significant risk to passenger comfort and safety. Recent technological advancements in real-time crowd counting and pedestrian microsimulations have made it feasible to create responsive gateways for managing passenger flow to prevent overcrowding situations. This paper proposes a simulation-based cost-benefit analysis, utilizing the Real Options methodology commonly employed to assess flexible infrastructure, to estimate the costs and benefits associated with implementing responsive gateways at the London Bridge Station, while considering uncertainties in passenger flow and the interests of various stakeholders. Results from the demonstrative example indicate that the responsive gateways offer a better service than the static ones mainly due to the expected reduction in the risks related to safety, travel time and comfort that compensate for a higher cost of installation and maintenance. Further research is envisioned to enhance the modeling of passenger flow uncertainties and expand the objective function to encompass additional externalities. The simulation-based cost-benefit analysis proposed in this paper can be extended to a broader range of intelligent transportation systems, considering uncertainties and their diverse impacts on society. Thus, this paper presents a tool that contributes to a more transparent and objective investment decision-making process, particularly concerning the development of smart cities.","PeriodicalId":43387,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructure Asset Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140256768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yorkshire Water provides clean water and wastewater treatment for over five million customers in the north of England, UK. Weather and climate determine water supply, and extreme weather, particularly flooding, can severely alter their operations and ability to process wastewater. This article provides a unique longitudinal (2013-2023) perspective of how an infrastructure owner and operator has responded to changing policy contexts and embedded climate adaptation within operational processes. The uptake in adaptation measures was driven by a combination of factors including the Adaptation Reporting Power mandated by the Climate Change Act, increased availability of climate data, the need to recover from extreme weather events, particularly flooding, and changes to water management policies. The latter have instigated greater partnership working to reduce risk associated with flood events, and placed more emphasis on managing water via landscape-led natural processes such as Natural Flood Management, with actions delivered through partnership working. This article describes Yorkshire Water’s leadership in the early days of adaptation within the UK and discusses the changing policy frameworks, business needs, climate knowledge, and societal context that have led to more holistic and sustainable water resource management.
{"title":"A longitudinal perspective of climate adaptation; a case study from the water sector 2013-2023","authors":"Amanda Crossfield, Emma Ferranti","doi":"10.1680/jinam.23.00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.23.00060","url":null,"abstract":"Yorkshire Water provides clean water and wastewater treatment for over five million customers in the north of England, UK. Weather and climate determine water supply, and extreme weather, particularly flooding, can severely alter their operations and ability to process wastewater. This article provides a unique longitudinal (2013-2023) perspective of how an infrastructure owner and operator has responded to changing policy contexts and embedded climate adaptation within operational processes. The uptake in adaptation measures was driven by a combination of factors including the Adaptation Reporting Power mandated by the Climate Change Act, increased availability of climate data, the need to recover from extreme weather events, particularly flooding, and changes to water management policies. The latter have instigated greater partnership working to reduce risk associated with flood events, and placed more emphasis on managing water via landscape-led natural processes such as Natural Flood Management, with actions delivered through partnership working. This article describes Yorkshire Water’s leadership in the early days of adaptation within the UK and discusses the changing policy frameworks, business needs, climate knowledge, and societal context that have led to more holistic and sustainable water resource management.","PeriodicalId":43387,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructure Asset Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140492644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of the geometry and traffic controls at signalised junctions is often focused on the level of service offered to motor vehicles and rarely considers the level of service offered to pedestrians. This results in pedestrian adopting illegal and unsafe behaviours – e.g. red light violation. This study aimed to identify the elements of signalised junction design that are critical in pedestrian safety by analysing how they affect pedestrian behaviour. Both traffic engineering design and associated traffic conditions were investigated. Over 6500 observations had been made at 10 signalised junctions in Montreal, Canada. The 10 junctions were selected to cover a variety of environments, road users and junction designs. Results show that the presence of a countdown display has the most significant and positive impact on pedestrian behaviour. Results also suggest that pedestrians cross on the red light when they feel confident about their ability to judge whether they can use the available traffic gaps to cross safely the street. This study concludes that an adequate junction design is likely to limit risky pedestrian behaviours. Therefore, designers need to consider the factors affecting the behaviour of pedestrians to design junctions that are safe convenient and safe for them.
{"title":"Exploration of the impact of junction characteristics on pedestrian red light violation","authors":"Luc Pellecuer, Aurélien Chusseau","doi":"10.1680/jinam.23.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jinam.23.00023","url":null,"abstract":"The design of the geometry and traffic controls at signalised junctions is often focused on the level of service offered to motor vehicles and rarely considers the level of service offered to pedestrians. This results in pedestrian adopting illegal and unsafe behaviours – e.g. red light violation. This study aimed to identify the elements of signalised junction design that are critical in pedestrian safety by analysing how they affect pedestrian behaviour. Both traffic engineering design and associated traffic conditions were investigated. Over 6500 observations had been made at 10 signalised junctions in Montreal, Canada. The 10 junctions were selected to cover a variety of environments, road users and junction designs. Results show that the presence of a countdown display has the most significant and positive impact on pedestrian behaviour. Results also suggest that pedestrians cross on the red light when they feel confident about their ability to judge whether they can use the available traffic gaps to cross safely the street. This study concludes that an adequate junction design is likely to limit risky pedestrian behaviours. Therefore, designers need to consider the factors affecting the behaviour of pedestrians to design junctions that are safe convenient and safe for them.","PeriodicalId":43387,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructure Asset Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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