Pub Date : 2018-09-10DOI: 10.1108/JIDOB-05-2018-0007
A. Hollomotz, Seraina Caviezel Schmitz
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of a Swiss outpatient group therapy for adolescent and young men with intellectual disabilities who have sexually offended. Design/methodology/approach The findings from two studies that examined the treatment independently from one another are brought together. These combine the qualitative methods of document analysis of programme tools, overt participant observations of treatment sessions and semi-structured interviews with programme designers. Findings At the heart of Forio treatment is a seven-step programme that aims to enable participants to increase their risk management capacities and foster pro-social behaviours. Responsivity issues are a key consideration, and the use of a traffic light system to distinguish acceptable, borderline and unacceptable behaviours provides a central reference point throughout treatment and beyond. Treatment relies on individuals practising newly learned pro-social behaviours in their daily life. To facilitate this, risks are managed, and support is provided via close networking between therapists and the supervision and social care network. Practical implications This paper offers detailed descriptions of the programme setting, structure and tools, which will allow international readers to adapt the techniques discussed to suit their specific treatment context. Particularly, the close networking between treatment providers and those managing risks in the community is commendable. Originality/value The Forio programme has not previously been described in English language papers. Even though it arises from the same evidence base as the internationally more widely known programmes, this paper offers unique insights into ways in which known concepts have been adapted to suit local circumstances.
{"title":"Forio: a Swiss treatment program for young sex offenders with intellectual disabilities","authors":"A. Hollomotz, Seraina Caviezel Schmitz","doi":"10.1108/JIDOB-05-2018-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JIDOB-05-2018-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of a Swiss outpatient group therapy for adolescent and young men with intellectual disabilities who have sexually offended.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The findings from two studies that examined the treatment independently from one another are brought together. These combine the qualitative methods of document analysis of programme tools, overt participant observations of treatment sessions and semi-structured interviews with programme designers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000At the heart of Forio treatment is a seven-step programme that aims to enable participants to increase their risk management capacities and foster pro-social behaviours. Responsivity issues are a key consideration, and the use of a traffic light system to distinguish acceptable, borderline and unacceptable behaviours provides a central reference point throughout treatment and beyond. Treatment relies on individuals practising newly learned pro-social behaviours in their daily life. To facilitate this, risks are managed, and support is provided via close networking between therapists and the supervision and social care network.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This paper offers detailed descriptions of the programme setting, structure and tools, which will allow international readers to adapt the techniques discussed to suit their specific treatment context. Particularly, the close networking between treatment providers and those managing risks in the community is commendable.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The Forio programme has not previously been described in English language papers. Even though it arises from the same evidence base as the internationally more widely known programmes, this paper offers unique insights into ways in which known concepts have been adapted to suit local circumstances.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/JIDOB-05-2018-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44931026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-11DOI: 10.1108/JIDOB-02-2018-0003
H. Panting, C. Swift, Wendy Goodman, C. Davis
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the Stages of Change (SOC) model can be applied to working with offenders with learning disabilities (LD), and furthermore, to determine if it might be efficacious for this approach to be incorporated into a wider service model for this population. Design/methodology/approach This paper reports on the results of a consultation to a specialist forensic LD service in the South West of England. A two-pronged approach was taken to consult to the service in relation to the research questions. First, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken, and second, other forensic LD teams and experts in the field were consulted. Findings There is a dearth of research that has examined the application of the SOC model to working with offenders with LD, and as such, firm conclusions cannot be drawn as to its efficacy in this population. The evidence base for the SOC model in itself is lacking, and has been widely critiqued. However, there are currently no other evidence-based models for understanding motivation to change in offenders with LD. Research limitations/implications There is a clear clinical need for more robust theory and research around motivation to change, which can then be applied to clinical work with offenders with LD. Originality/value There has been a historical narrative in offender rehabilitation that “nothing works” (Burrowes and Needs, 2009). As such, it is more important than ever for the evidence base to enhance the understanding of motivation to change in offending populations.
目的本文的目的是研究改变阶段（SOC）模型是否可以应用于学习障碍罪犯（LD）的工作，并进一步确定将这种方法纳入更广泛的服务模型中是否有效。设计/方法/方法本文报告了对英格兰西南部一家专业法医LD服务机构的咨询结果。采取了双管齐下的方法，就研究问题向服务部门咨询。首先，进行了全面的文献综述，其次，咨询了该领域的其他法医LD团队和专家。发现缺乏研究来检验SOC模型在处理LD罪犯方面的应用，因此，无法对其在该人群中的疗效得出确切的结论。SOC模型本身缺乏证据基础，受到了广泛的批评。然而，目前还没有其他基于证据的模型来理解LD罪犯的改变动机。研究局限性/含义临床上显然需要围绕改变动机进行更有力的理论和研究，然后可以应用于LD罪犯的临床工作。独创性/价值在罪犯康复中有一种历史叙事，即“什么都不起作用”（Burrowes and Needs，2009）。因此，证据基础比以往任何时候都更重要的是，要增强对犯罪人群改变动机的理解。
{"title":"Examining the utility of the Stages of Change model for working with offenders with learning disabilities","authors":"H. Panting, C. Swift, Wendy Goodman, C. Davis","doi":"10.1108/JIDOB-02-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JIDOB-02-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the Stages of Change (SOC) model can be applied to working with offenders with learning disabilities (LD), and furthermore, to determine if it might be efficacious for this approach to be incorporated into a wider service model for this population.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This paper reports on the results of a consultation to a specialist forensic LD service in the South West of England. A two-pronged approach was taken to consult to the service in relation to the research questions. First, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken, and second, other forensic LD teams and experts in the field were consulted.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000There is a dearth of research that has examined the application of the SOC model to working with offenders with LD, and as such, firm conclusions cannot be drawn as to its efficacy in this population. The evidence base for the SOC model in itself is lacking, and has been widely critiqued. However, there are currently no other evidence-based models for understanding motivation to change in offenders with LD.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000There is a clear clinical need for more robust theory and research around motivation to change, which can then be applied to clinical work with offenders with LD.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000There has been a historical narrative in offender rehabilitation that “nothing works” (Burrowes and Needs, 2009). As such, it is more important than ever for the evidence base to enhance the understanding of motivation to change in offending populations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/JIDOB-02-2018-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42731131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-11DOI: 10.1108/JIDOB-03-2018-0004
S. Tearle, Rachel R. Holt
Purpose There is a pressing need to develop community forensic support for adults with intellectual disabilities and a high risk to others. Equipping youth to help one another (EQUIP) was developed for juvenile offenders in the USA and is used across Europe and North America. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an adapted community model of EQUIP for men with intellectual disabilities and a history of sexual offending. Design/methodology/approach A case series design was used. The adapted EQUIP group ran for one session per week over ten months, with each participant accompanied by a support worker. Six men living in the community with intellectual disabilities and a history of sexual offending completed the programme. Findings Analysis of the results suggests that this adapted version of EQUIP produced similar results to the programme delivered in an inpatient setting. Participants’ reasoning and problem-solving abilities were improved post-intervention. Satisfaction levels from participant and their support workers were high. There was no evidence of recidivism during the ten months the group ran. Research limitations/implications The case series design utilised only allows the conclusion that the changes above occurred at the same time as the group. Further research is needed to ascertain whether it is likely that the intervention resulted in the changes. Practical implications There is a pressing need to develop the evidence base for interventions offered in the community to people with intellectual disabilities and a history of offending. This study provides some evidence that EQUIP can be adapted to suit this population. Social implications The availability of community interventions may, over time, decrease the need for detention in inpatient settings. This is in line with the transforming care agenda. Originality/value This is the first published research into use of EQUIP in the community with adult participants with intellectual disabilities.
{"title":"A community EQUIP treatment group","authors":"S. Tearle, Rachel R. Holt","doi":"10.1108/JIDOB-03-2018-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JIDOB-03-2018-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000There is a pressing need to develop community forensic support for adults with intellectual disabilities and a high risk to others. Equipping youth to help one another (EQUIP) was developed for juvenile offenders in the USA and is used across Europe and North America. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an adapted community model of EQUIP for men with intellectual disabilities and a history of sexual offending.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A case series design was used. The adapted EQUIP group ran for one session per week over ten months, with each participant accompanied by a support worker. Six men living in the community with intellectual disabilities and a history of sexual offending completed the programme.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Analysis of the results suggests that this adapted version of EQUIP produced similar results to the programme delivered in an inpatient setting. Participants’ reasoning and problem-solving abilities were improved post-intervention. Satisfaction levels from participant and their support workers were high. There was no evidence of recidivism during the ten months the group ran.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The case series design utilised only allows the conclusion that the changes above occurred at the same time as the group. Further research is needed to ascertain whether it is likely that the intervention resulted in the changes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000There is a pressing need to develop the evidence base for interventions offered in the community to people with intellectual disabilities and a history of offending. This study provides some evidence that EQUIP can be adapted to suit this population.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The availability of community interventions may, over time, decrease the need for detention in inpatient settings. This is in line with the transforming care agenda.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This is the first published research into use of EQUIP in the community with adult participants with intellectual disabilities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/JIDOB-03-2018-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41679672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-11DOI: 10.1108/JIDOB-02-2018-0002
Gareth Hickman, S. Thrift, Chénelle Taylor
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the treatment pathway utilised in a male medium and low secure intellectual disability (ID) service. Over the preceding five years, service users have followed the outlined treatment pathway. The current paper offers case study material to illustrate the care pathway. Design/methodology/approach The treatment pathway is described and two case examples are provided, illustrating participation in the pathway. Evaluative data are provided on length of hospitalisation, direction of pathway at discharge and risk reduction as assessed by the HCR-20, SVR-20 and HONOS Secure measures. Findings The case examples provided document the assessment and treatment of two male offenders with ID, outlining their treatment pathways, subsequent reductions in assessed risk and their successful community discharge. Originality/value A comprehensive treatment pathway is outlined together with the theoretical rationale, with illustrative case examples.
{"title":"Case study illustrations of a psychological treatment pathway in a secure intellectual disability service","authors":"Gareth Hickman, S. Thrift, Chénelle Taylor","doi":"10.1108/JIDOB-02-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JIDOB-02-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the treatment pathway utilised in a male medium and low secure intellectual disability (ID) service. Over the preceding five years, service users have followed the outlined treatment pathway. The current paper offers case study material to illustrate the care pathway.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The treatment pathway is described and two case examples are provided, illustrating participation in the pathway. Evaluative data are provided on length of hospitalisation, direction of pathway at discharge and risk reduction as assessed by the HCR-20, SVR-20 and HONOS Secure measures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The case examples provided document the assessment and treatment of two male offenders with ID, outlining their treatment pathways, subsequent reductions in assessed risk and their successful community discharge.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000A comprehensive treatment pathway is outlined together with the theoretical rationale, with illustrative case examples.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/JIDOB-02-2018-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43960702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-11DOI: 10.1108/JIDOB-12-2017-0026
Gareth Hickman, N. Booth, Thuy Hoang
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on the introduction of a Leavers’ Preparation Group in an Intellectual Disability (ID) Secure Service. In the context of reductions in ID inpatient beds and reductions in restrictive practices, discharge and transfers out of hospital settings are increasing. The current group was established to provide support and preparation for service users as they approach discharge/transfer from hospital. The current paper provides example outcome data and reflects on the experience and learning points in delivering such interventions in secure contexts. Design/methodology/approach The Leavers’ Preparation Group is an eight-session preparatory, recovery focussed group intervention focussing on supporting service users as they approach discharge/transfer to lower levels of security. The intervention has a multi-disciplinary approach, focussing on psychosocial aspects of current and future risk reduction. Findings Overwhelmingly service users reported that they experienced the group as positive and beneficial. Personal reflections of the authors are offered on service user attitudes to discharge/transfer, the contextual impact of restrictive systems and the benefits of this type of group intervention. Originality/value This paper reports on clinical practice, which involves multi-disciplinary intervention, co-production with service users and relevant stakeholders, and provides a description of the group intervention. It also offers critical reflection on tensions in this area of service provision, such as control and choice, freedom and responsibility, limitations and restrictions and power imbalances.
{"title":"Reflections on introducing a Leavers’ Preparation Group in an intellectual disability secure service","authors":"Gareth Hickman, N. Booth, Thuy Hoang","doi":"10.1108/JIDOB-12-2017-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JIDOB-12-2017-0026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to report on the introduction of a Leavers’ Preparation Group in an Intellectual Disability (ID) Secure Service. In the context of reductions in ID inpatient beds and reductions in restrictive practices, discharge and transfers out of hospital settings are increasing. The current group was established to provide support and preparation for service users as they approach discharge/transfer from hospital. The current paper provides example outcome data and reflects on the experience and learning points in delivering such interventions in secure contexts.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The Leavers’ Preparation Group is an eight-session preparatory, recovery focussed group intervention focussing on supporting service users as they approach discharge/transfer to lower levels of security. The intervention has a multi-disciplinary approach, focussing on psychosocial aspects of current and future risk reduction.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Overwhelmingly service users reported that they experienced the group as positive and beneficial. Personal reflections of the authors are offered on service user attitudes to discharge/transfer, the contextual impact of restrictive systems and the benefits of this type of group intervention.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper reports on clinical practice, which involves multi-disciplinary intervention, co-production with service users and relevant stakeholders, and provides a description of the group intervention. It also offers critical reflection on tensions in this area of service provision, such as control and choice, freedom and responsibility, limitations and restrictions and power imbalances.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/JIDOB-12-2017-0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43547486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-12DOI: 10.1108/jidob-07-2017-0015
Clare Sarah Allely,Lino Faccini
{"title":"Rare instances of individuals with autism supporting or engaging in terrorism: a reply","authors":"Clare Sarah Allely,Lino Faccini","doi":"10.1108/jidob-07-2017-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jidob-07-2017-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour","volume":"93 5","pages":"64-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2018-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1108/JIDOB-02-2014-0002
Colleen M Berryessa
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how judges perceive High Functioning Autistic Spectrum Disorders (hfASDs) and the disorders' effects on an offender's ability to formulate criminal intent and control behaviour.
Design/methodology/approach: Semi-structured interviews on topics related to offenders with hfASDs were conducted with 21 California Superior Court Judges. A coding scheme was developed and an iterative qualitative coding process was used for analysis.
Findings: Analysis yielded three major themes on how an hfASD diagnosis affects an offender's ability to regulate actions and criminal behaviour. Interviewed judges reported beliefs that hfASD offenders view the world in a different way and that much of their behaviour is not under their direct control. Judges reported these perceptions likely affect how they criminally process and make legal decisions regarding offenders with hfASDs.
Research limitations/implications: The sample size was small and therefore no statistical significance can be drawn from results; findings cannot be applied to perceptions or experiences of the entire California Superior Court Judge population.
Originality/value: Past academic research reports that individuals with hfASDs that offend often do so because of specific symptoms associated with the disorder. This presents a complex dilemma for the criminal justice system regarding how best to understand the disorder and process these offenders. This study and its findings aim to shed light on issues judges encounter in determining these offenders' responsibility and sentencing, in what ways this information might be integrated into judicial decision making, and areas where future research is needed.
{"title":"Judiciary views on criminal behaviour and intention of offenders with high-functioning autism.","authors":"Colleen M Berryessa","doi":"10.1108/JIDOB-02-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/JIDOB-02-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to explore how judges perceive High Functioning Autistic Spectrum Disorders (hfASDs) and the disorders' effects on an offender's ability to formulate criminal intent and control behaviour.</p><p><strong>Design/methodology/approach: </strong>Semi-structured interviews on topics related to offenders with hfASDs were conducted with 21 California Superior Court Judges. A coding scheme was developed and an iterative qualitative coding process was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Analysis yielded three major themes on how an hfASD diagnosis affects an offender's ability to regulate actions and criminal behaviour. Interviewed judges reported beliefs that hfASD offenders view the world in a different way and that much of their behaviour is not under their direct control. Judges reported these perceptions likely affect how they criminally process and make legal decisions regarding offenders with hfASDs.</p><p><strong>Research limitations/implications: </strong>The sample size was small and therefore no statistical significance can be drawn from results; findings cannot be applied to perceptions or experiences of the entire California Superior Court Judge population.</p><p><strong>Originality/value: </strong>Past academic research reports that individuals with hfASDs that offend often do so because of specific symptoms associated with the disorder. This presents a complex dilemma for the criminal justice system regarding how best to understand the disorder and process these offenders. This study and its findings aim to shed light on issues judges encounter in determining these offenders' responsibility and sentencing, in what ways this information might be integrated into judicial decision making, and areas where future research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":43468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour","volume":"5 2","pages":"97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/JIDOB-02-2014-0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33085891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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