Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766493
M. Karsten, J. Schmitt, Lior Wolf, R. Steinmetz
When reservation-based service differentiation is offered in an IP network, it is crucial for a network provider to appropriately charge for service invocations. For internal calculation as well as external price representation, a notion of costs and prices for communication services is needed. In this paper, general requirements for cost and price calculation are analysed for packet-switched multi-service networks. We conclude that internal price calculation should be linear, based on resource usage and uniform across multiple service classes. Accordingly, we specify refinements for service class definitions and present a price calculation method for the IETF's integrated services architecture. The application of such a price representation to existing pricing and charging approaches is shown. Finally, certain economic aspects of the guaranteed service class are analysed and the results are expressed using linear price representation.
{"title":"Provider-oriented linear price calculation for integrated services","authors":"M. Karsten, J. Schmitt, Lior Wolf, R. Steinmetz","doi":"10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766493","url":null,"abstract":"When reservation-based service differentiation is offered in an IP network, it is crucial for a network provider to appropriately charge for service invocations. For internal calculation as well as external price representation, a notion of costs and prices for communication services is needed. In this paper, general requirements for cost and price calculation are analysed for packet-switched multi-service networks. We conclude that internal price calculation should be linear, based on resource usage and uniform across multiple service classes. Accordingly, we specify refinements for service class definitions and present a price calculation method for the IETF's integrated services architecture. The application of such a price representation to existing pricing and charging approaches is shown. Finally, certain economic aspects of the guaranteed service class are analysed and the results are expressed using linear price representation.","PeriodicalId":435117,"journal":{"name":"1999 Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Service. IWQoS'99. (Cat. No.98EX354)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121208356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766496
I. Andrikopoulos, G. Pavlou
Multi-protocol label switching is a relatively new technology based on the association of labels with routes and the use of labels to forward packets. In other words MPLS integrates the label-swapping paradigm with network-layer routing. Differentiated Services define a model for implementing scalable differentiation of QoS in the Internet. Packets are classified and marked, policed and shaped at the edge of the network in order to receive a particular per-hop forwarding behaviour on nodes along their path. The per-flow state does not need to be maintained in the interior network nodes, thus leading to increased scalability. This obviates the use of complex signalling protocols like RSVP. The inherent characteristics of MPLS make it a very good candidate for providing differentiated services. In this paper we describe various approaches which can be used to support differentiated services in MPLS environments.
{"title":"Supporting differentiated services in MPLS networks","authors":"I. Andrikopoulos, G. Pavlou","doi":"10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766496","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-protocol label switching is a relatively new technology based on the association of labels with routes and the use of labels to forward packets. In other words MPLS integrates the label-swapping paradigm with network-layer routing. Differentiated Services define a model for implementing scalable differentiation of QoS in the Internet. Packets are classified and marked, policed and shaped at the edge of the network in order to receive a particular per-hop forwarding behaviour on nodes along their path. The per-flow state does not need to be maintained in the interior network nodes, thus leading to increased scalability. This obviates the use of complex signalling protocols like RSVP. The inherent characteristics of MPLS make it a very good candidate for providing differentiated services. In this paper we describe various approaches which can be used to support differentiated services in MPLS environments.","PeriodicalId":435117,"journal":{"name":"1999 Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Service. IWQoS'99. (Cat. No.98EX354)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116826175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766489
J. Schmitt, M. Karsten, Lior Wolf, R. Steinmetz
It is common belief that the integrated services architecture (IntServ) is not scalable to large networks as, e.g., the global Internet. This is due to the ambitious goal of providing per-flow QoS and the resulting complexity of fine-grained traffic management. One solution to this problem is the aggregation of IntServ traffic flows in the core of the network. While one might suspect that aggregation leads to allocating more resources for the aggregated flow than for the sum of the separated flows if flow isolation is to be guaranteed, we show in this paper that for IntServ's guaranteed service flows this is not necessarily the case even if flow isolation is retained. We compare different approaches to describing the aggregated traffic and analyze their impact on bandwidth consumption and ease of flow management. Applications of these theoretical insights could be to use the derived formulas for resource allocation in either a hierarchical RSVP/IntServ, IntServ over DiffServ (differentiated services), or IntServ over ATM network.
人们普遍认为，集成服务体系结构(IntServ)不能扩展到像全球Internet这样的大型网络。这是由于提供每个流QoS的宏伟目标以及由此产生的细粒度流量管理的复杂性。这个问题的一个解决方案是在网络的核心聚合IntServ流量流。虽然有人可能会怀疑，如果要保证流隔离，聚合导致为聚合流分配的资源多于为分离流分配的资源总和，但我们在本文中表明，对于IntServ的保证服务流，即使保留流隔离，情况也不一定如此。我们比较了描述聚合流量的不同方法，并分析了它们对带宽消耗和流量管理便利性的影响。这些理论见解的应用可以在分层RSVP/IntServ、IntServ over DiffServ(差异化服务)或IntServ over ATM网络中使用派生公式进行资源分配。
{"title":"Aggregation of guaranteed service flows","authors":"J. Schmitt, M. Karsten, Lior Wolf, R. Steinmetz","doi":"10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWQOS.1999.766489","url":null,"abstract":"It is common belief that the integrated services architecture (IntServ) is not scalable to large networks as, e.g., the global Internet. This is due to the ambitious goal of providing per-flow QoS and the resulting complexity of fine-grained traffic management. One solution to this problem is the aggregation of IntServ traffic flows in the core of the network. While one might suspect that aggregation leads to allocating more resources for the aggregated flow than for the sum of the separated flows if flow isolation is to be guaranteed, we show in this paper that for IntServ's guaranteed service flows this is not necessarily the case even if flow isolation is retained. We compare different approaches to describing the aggregated traffic and analyze their impact on bandwidth consumption and ease of flow management. Applications of these theoretical insights could be to use the derived formulas for resource allocation in either a hierarchical RSVP/IntServ, IntServ over DiffServ (differentiated services), or IntServ over ATM network.","PeriodicalId":435117,"journal":{"name":"1999 Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Service. IWQoS'99. (Cat. No.98EX354)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132025999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：