Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1177/109719639902200304
U1hat is it like to live in what may be the world’s best-insulated house? Let’s break that question down into a few parts. First, how well insulated is your house? There is lots of insulation : the attic is R80 (RSI 14), the walls are R60, the basement walls are R60, and the basement floor is R35. It is possibly the bestinsulated house in the world. We used cellulose insulation throughout, because of its carbon-fixing nature (wood pulls carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere) and because of its recycled content. Mat are the o th er energyefficien tfacto rs that cause the house to per-, form so well?
{"title":"Information from Solplan Review: Energy Answers","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639902200304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639902200304","url":null,"abstract":"U1hat is it like to live in what may be the world’s best-insulated house? Let’s break that question down into a few parts. First, how well insulated is your house? There is lots of insulation : the attic is R80 (RSI 14), the walls are R60, the basement walls are R60, and the basement floor is R35. It is possibly the bestinsulated house in the world. We used cellulose insulation throughout, because of its carbon-fixing nature (wood pulls carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere) and because of its recycled content. Mat are the o th er energyefficien tfacto rs that cause the house to per-, form so well?","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126553578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1177/109719639902200303
The use of brick veneer/steel stud (BV/SS) wall systems has preceded adequate formal scientific investigation into its long term serviceability and safety. Of particular interest to many parties is the performance of the walls under typical Canadian wmter conditions. This report outlines the findings of Part 3 of the laboratory testing program. The primary goal of the research was to investigate and document the potential for, and the amount and location of, moisture condensation problems in BV/SS type wall systems by subjecting sample wall systems to air pressure, vapour pressure and temperature differentials. A secondary goal was to determine thermal properties and air leakage characteristics as these are the main factors influencing condensation.
{"title":"CMHC: Research & Development Highlights","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639902200303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639902200303","url":null,"abstract":"The use of brick veneer/steel stud (BV/SS) wall systems has preceded adequate formal scientific investigation into its long term serviceability and safety. Of particular interest to many parties is the performance of the walls under typical Canadian wmter conditions. This report outlines the findings of Part 3 of the laboratory testing program. The primary goal of the research was to investigate and document the potential for, and the amount and location of, moisture condensation problems in BV/SS type wall systems by subjecting sample wall systems to air pressure, vapour pressure and temperature differentials. A secondary goal was to determine thermal properties and air leakage characteristics as these are the main factors influencing condensation.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125598789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1177/109719639902200306
Jinkai Wang, C. Hagentoft
This paper proposes an algorithm to accelerate simulations of si multaneous heat and gas transfer in gas-filled insulating foams, based on an analy sis of the different transfer processes. This algorithm combines explicit finite dif ference and over-relaxation schemes: the time step of a simulation is determined by diffusion of gases, which is calculated by the explicit difference scheme; and the over-relaxation scheme is used to handle heat conduction. Calculation ex amples using a model presented separately [1] show that the results calculated by the fast algorithm agree well with those calculated by the single explicit finite dif ference scheme. In general, the simulations using the proposed algorithm are much faster than those using a single explicit finite difference scheme. The time step is increased more than 300 and 270 times for the two examples studied.
{"title":"An Algorithm to Accelerate Simulations of Simultaneous Heat and Gas Transfer in Gas-Filled Foams","authors":"Jinkai Wang, C. Hagentoft","doi":"10.1177/109719639902200306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639902200306","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an algorithm to accelerate simulations of si multaneous heat and gas transfer in gas-filled insulating foams, based on an analy sis of the different transfer processes. This algorithm combines explicit finite dif ference and over-relaxation schemes: the time step of a simulation is determined by diffusion of gases, which is calculated by the explicit difference scheme; and the over-relaxation scheme is used to handle heat conduction. Calculation ex amples using a model presented separately [1] show that the results calculated by the fast algorithm agree well with those calculated by the single explicit finite dif ference scheme. In general, the simulations using the proposed algorithm are much faster than those using a single explicit finite difference scheme. The time step is increased more than 300 and 270 times for the two examples studied.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129525514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-12095-6_26
M. Edis
{"title":"Coming to a Decision","authors":"M. Edis","doi":"10.1007/978-1-349-12095-6_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12095-6_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131502333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1177/109719639802200202
C. Shirtliffe
{"title":"A Memorial to Charles Pelanne","authors":"C. Shirtliffe","doi":"10.1177/109719639802200202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802200202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125607416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1177/109719639802200204
Everybody has social attitudes, and everybody is exposed to them in others. It is wise to be aware of them, for they can be dangerous things. We should keep a close eye on our attitudes lest they lead us to transgress against our fellows. And lest we abdicate our responsibility as thinking begins....
{"title":"A Matter of Attitude","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639802200204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802200204","url":null,"abstract":"Everybody has social attitudes, and everybody is exposed to them in others. It is wise to be aware of them, for they can be dangerous things. We should keep a close eye on our attitudes lest they lead us to transgress against our fellows. And lest we abdicate our responsibility as thinking begins....","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131802372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1177/109719639802200208
Domenic Chiovitti, Mario Gonçalves, A. Renzullo
Water penetration across brick masonry exterior walls is a prob lem that building owners and construction professionals must deal with fre quently. Water repellents are often used in an attempt to resolve water penetration problems in certain remedial applications. Unfortunately, the information avail able to building owners and construction professionals regarding the use and evaluation of water repellents is limited. Little practical information exists to assist in the selection of such products and in the evaluation of their performance and durability. As part of a CMHC research project, Patenaude-Chiovitti Inc. carried out an evaluation of such products, exposing problems of performance evaluation of water repellents for above grade masonry. Six series oftests were conducted us ing a modified ASTM E-514 procedure and water uptake tube methods to evalu ate the performance of five commercially available masonry water repellents. The results of the study have indicated substantial improvements in the resistance to water penetration upon application of these products to clay brick wall assemblies. The data accumulated during this study may have also revealed a trend indicating an increase in the rate of water penetration from the time of product application (i.e., reduced repellency), necessitating product reapplication after a given time interval. Readers are cautioned in the interpretation of the test data without addi tional information pertaining to the vapour diffusion characteristics of the ap plied products and durability concerns.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Water Repellents for Above Grade Masonry","authors":"Domenic Chiovitti, Mario Gonçalves, A. Renzullo","doi":"10.1177/109719639802200208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802200208","url":null,"abstract":"Water penetration across brick masonry exterior walls is a prob lem that building owners and construction professionals must deal with fre quently. Water repellents are often used in an attempt to resolve water penetration problems in certain remedial applications. Unfortunately, the information avail able to building owners and construction professionals regarding the use and evaluation of water repellents is limited. Little practical information exists to assist in the selection of such products and in the evaluation of their performance and durability. As part of a CMHC research project, Patenaude-Chiovitti Inc. carried out an evaluation of such products, exposing problems of performance evaluation of water repellents for above grade masonry. Six series oftests were conducted us ing a modified ASTM E-514 procedure and water uptake tube methods to evalu ate the performance of five commercially available masonry water repellents. The results of the study have indicated substantial improvements in the resistance to water penetration upon application of these products to clay brick wall assemblies. The data accumulated during this study may have also revealed a trend indicating an increase in the rate of water penetration from the time of product application (i.e., reduced repellency), necessitating product reapplication after a given time interval. Readers are cautioned in the interpretation of the test data without addi tional information pertaining to the vapour diffusion characteristics of the ap plied products and durability concerns.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116469918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1177/109719639802200209
M. Salonvaara, J. Nieminen
Hygrothermal performance of a new light gauge steel-framed building envelope system has been analyzed using three-dimensional thermal simu lations, two-dimensional combined heat, air, and moisture transfer simulations, labo ratory testing in a calibrated and guarded hot box (ISO 8990), weather resistance tests for full-sized structures, and corrosion tests and field measurements at experimental buildings in Ylojarvi, central Finland. The results show that a modern steel wall structure based on perforated steel studs performs satisfactorily in the cold climate at Finland. The perforations significantly reduce heat loss along the web of the profile. The field measurements show that no condensation has occurred in the frame sys tem. Temperature measurements and infrared surveys in demonstration buildings show that temperatures on the inner surface of the wall are sufficiently high to pre vent surface condensation or even increased surface humidity that could cause mold growth on the surface. According to the calculations, there are no corrosion risks in the steel frames during their estimated service life in the Finnish climate The cli mate, however, has an important effect on performance, and the structures should be designed with regard to climatic conditions.
{"title":"Hygrothermal Performance of a New Light Gauge Steel-Framed Envelope System","authors":"M. Salonvaara, J. Nieminen","doi":"10.1177/109719639802200209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802200209","url":null,"abstract":"Hygrothermal performance of a new light gauge steel-framed building envelope system has been analyzed using three-dimensional thermal simu lations, two-dimensional combined heat, air, and moisture transfer simulations, labo ratory testing in a calibrated and guarded hot box (ISO 8990), weather resistance tests for full-sized structures, and corrosion tests and field measurements at experimental buildings in Ylojarvi, central Finland. The results show that a modern steel wall structure based on perforated steel studs performs satisfactorily in the cold climate at Finland. The perforations significantly reduce heat loss along the web of the profile. The field measurements show that no condensation has occurred in the frame sys tem. Temperature measurements and infrared surveys in demonstration buildings show that temperatures on the inner surface of the wall are sufficiently high to pre vent surface condensation or even increased surface humidity that could cause mold growth on the surface. According to the calculations, there are no corrosion risks in the steel frames during their estimated service life in the Finnish climate The cli mate, however, has an important effect on performance, and the structures should be designed with regard to climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116048356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1177/109719639802200207
R. Booth
B LISTEP,ING OF LIQUID applied coatings is not new. The Reader’s Digest Complete Do-it-yourselfManual describes paint blistering over wood as &dquo;the result of paint applied to a wood surface that is damp or wet. The presence of water prevents the paint from gripping the surface properly. The solution is to make sure any surface is thoroughly dry before you apply paint [1].&dquo; Hot applied bituminous built-up roof membranes most commonly comprise alternate layers of hot liquid bitumen and bitumen impregnated cellulose or glass fibre reinforced felts, typically with three to five layers of felt. Blisters are defined as enclosed raised spots or areas that contain gas or liquid that show at the surface of prepared or built-up roofing (see Figure 1) [2]. Blistering of hot applied bituminous built-up roofing membranes is a
{"title":"Blistering of Hot Applied Bituminous Built-Up Roof Membranes Over Plastic Foam Insulations","authors":"R. Booth","doi":"10.1177/109719639802200207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802200207","url":null,"abstract":"B LISTEP,ING OF LIQUID applied coatings is not new. The Reader’s Digest Complete Do-it-yourselfManual describes paint blistering over wood as &dquo;the result of paint applied to a wood surface that is damp or wet. The presence of water prevents the paint from gripping the surface properly. The solution is to make sure any surface is thoroughly dry before you apply paint [1].&dquo; Hot applied bituminous built-up roof membranes most commonly comprise alternate layers of hot liquid bitumen and bitumen impregnated cellulose or glass fibre reinforced felts, typically with three to five layers of felt. Blisters are defined as enclosed raised spots or areas that contain gas or liquid that show at the surface of prepared or built-up roofing (see Figure 1) [2]. Blistering of hot applied bituminous built-up roofing membranes is a","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128792782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-10-01DOI: 10.1177/109719639802200205
Jinkai Wang, C. Hagentoft
A simplified model for the aging of gas-filled thermal insulating foams is developed. This model is used to predict gas composition, gas partial pressures, and thermal performance of foams. The coupling between heat and gas transfer is one ofthe characteristic features ofthe model. The temperature dependency of gas perme ability, which has been found in many experimental studies, is taken into account The evaluation showed that the predicted results agree well with the measured ones. Under prescribed conditions ofaging, foam thermal conductivity, temperature, and gas partial pressures in foam can be calculated as a function of time and position.
{"title":"A Simplified Model for Aging of Gas-Filled Thermal Insulating Foams","authors":"Jinkai Wang, C. Hagentoft","doi":"10.1177/109719639802200205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639802200205","url":null,"abstract":"A simplified model for the aging of gas-filled thermal insulating foams is developed. This model is used to predict gas composition, gas partial pressures, and thermal performance of foams. The coupling between heat and gas transfer is one ofthe characteristic features ofthe model. The temperature dependency of gas perme ability, which has been found in many experimental studies, is taken into account The evaluation showed that the predicted results agree well with the measured ones. Under prescribed conditions ofaging, foam thermal conductivity, temperature, and gas partial pressures in foam can be calculated as a function of time and position.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117230831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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