Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.2174/2213335607666200701214200
Mengmeng Li, Shuang Huang, Han Zhang, Lei Wang, Shengliang Zhong
Researchers have pursued the new synthesis method. As a newly developed method, microwave (MW), ultrasound (US) and ultraviolet light (UV) assisted synthesis has drawn increasing interests. Under the synergistic effect, many materials with new structure, morphology and properties may be found. As an important rare-earth phosphate, DyPO4 was selected and the effect of MW, US and UV on the preparation was investigated. The DyPO4·1.5H2O nanostructures were prepared by MW, US, UV and their combination. Hexagonal DyPO4·1.5H2O microcrystals obtained under MW irradiation were broomstick bundles. Needle-shaped products were formed in the presence of MW and US. Interestingly, the broom-sheaf-like structures can self-assemble into flower-shaped structures upon the irradiation of MW and UV. Whereas, MW/UV/US synergetic heating results in mixed morphologies of flower-like and needle-shaped structures. The growth of DyPO4 nanostructures can be tuned by selecting the combination of heating method of MW, US and UV.
{"title":"DyPO4·1.5H2O Microcrystals: Microwave/Ultrasound/ Ultraviolet Light- Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Formation Mechanism","authors":"Mengmeng Li, Shuang Huang, Han Zhang, Lei Wang, Shengliang Zhong","doi":"10.2174/2213335607666200701214200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2213335607666200701214200","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Researchers have pursued the new synthesis method. As a newly developed\u0000method, microwave (MW), ultrasound (US) and ultraviolet light (UV) assisted synthesis has drawn\u0000increasing interests. Under the synergistic effect, many materials with new structure, morphology and\u0000properties may be found. As an important rare-earth phosphate, DyPO4 was selected and the effect of\u0000MW, US and UV on the preparation was investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The DyPO4·1.5H2O nanostructures were prepared by MW, US, UV and their combination.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Hexagonal DyPO4·1.5H2O microcrystals obtained under MW irradiation were broomstick\u0000bundles. Needle-shaped products were formed in the presence of MW and US. Interestingly, the\u0000broom-sheaf-like structures can self-assemble into flower-shaped structures upon the irradiation of\u0000MW and UV. Whereas, MW/UV/US synergetic heating results in mixed morphologies of flower-like\u0000and needle-shaped structures.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The growth of DyPO4 nanostructures can be tuned by selecting the combination of heating\u0000method of MW, US and UV.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43133579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-18DOI: 10.2174/2213335607999200518094114
M. Özil, E. Menteşe
Benzoxazole, containing a 1,3-oxazole system fused with a benzene ring, has a profound effect on medicinal chemistry research owing to its important pharmacological activities. On the other hand, the benzoxazole derivative has exhibited important properties in material science. Especially in recent years, microwave-assisted synthesis is a technique that can be used to increase diversity and quick research in modern chemistry. The utilization of microwave irradiation is beneficial for the synthesis of benzoxazole in recent years. In this focused review, we provide a metaanalysis of studies on benzoxazole in different reaction conditions, catalysts, and starting materials by microwave technique so far, which is different from conventional heating. Synthesis of different kind of benzoxazole derivatives have been carried out by microwave irradiation. The most used method to obtain benzoxazoles is the condensation of 2-aminophenol or its derivatives with aldehydes, carboxylic acids, nitriles, isocyanates, and aliphatic amines. Benzoxazole system and its derivatives have exhibited a broad range of pharmacological properties. Thus, many scientists have remarked on the importance of the synthesis of different benzoxazole derivatives. Conventional heating is a relatively inefficient and slow method to convey energy in orientation to the reaction medium. However, the microwave-assisted heating technique is a more effective interior heating by straight coupling of microwave energy with the molecules. In this review, different studies were presented on the recent details accessible in the microwave- assisted techniques on the synthesis of the benzoxazole ring. It presents all examples of such compounds that have been reported from 1996 to the present. Benzoxazoles showed an extensive class of chemical substances not only in pharmaceutical chemistry but also in dyestuff, polymer industries, agrochemical, and optical brighteners. Thus the development of fast and efficient achievement of benzoxazoles with a diversity of substituents in high yield is getting more noteworthy. As shown in this review, microwave-assisted synthesis of benzoxazoles is a very effective and useful technique.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Benzoxazoles Derivatives","authors":"M. Özil, E. Menteşe","doi":"10.2174/2213335607999200518094114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2213335607999200518094114","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Benzoxazole, containing a 1,3-oxazole system fused with a benzene ring, has\u0000a profound effect on medicinal chemistry research owing to its important pharmacological activities.\u0000On the other hand, the benzoxazole derivative has exhibited important properties in material science.\u0000Especially in recent years, microwave-assisted synthesis is a technique that can be used to increase\u0000diversity and quick research in modern chemistry. The utilization of microwave irradiation is beneficial\u0000for the synthesis of benzoxazole in recent years. In this focused review, we provide a metaanalysis\u0000of studies on benzoxazole in different reaction conditions, catalysts, and starting materials by\u0000microwave technique so far, which is different from conventional heating.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Synthesis of different kind of benzoxazole derivatives have been carried out by microwave\u0000irradiation. The most used method to obtain benzoxazoles is the condensation of 2-aminophenol or its\u0000derivatives with aldehydes, carboxylic acids, nitriles, isocyanates, and aliphatic amines.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Benzoxazole system and its derivatives have exhibited a broad range of pharmacological\u0000properties. Thus, many scientists have remarked on the importance of the synthesis of different benzoxazole\u0000derivatives. Conventional heating is a relatively inefficient and slow method to convey energy\u0000in orientation to the reaction medium. However, the microwave-assisted heating technique is a\u0000more effective interior heating by straight coupling of microwave energy with the molecules.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this review, different studies were presented on the recent details accessible in the microwave-\u0000assisted techniques on the synthesis of the benzoxazole ring. It presents all examples of such\u0000compounds that have been reported from 1996 to the present. Benzoxazoles showed an extensive class\u0000of chemical substances not only in pharmaceutical chemistry but also in dyestuff, polymer industries,\u0000agrochemical, and optical brighteners. Thus the development of fast and efficient achievement of benzoxazoles\u0000with a diversity of substituents in high yield is getting more noteworthy. As shown in this\u0000review, microwave-assisted synthesis of benzoxazoles is a very effective and useful technique.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48026597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.2174/2213335606666190722144956
M. Beniwal, N. Jain
This paper describes the synthesis of novel thiazolidin-4-one substituted pyrazole derivatives from the condensation reaction of hydrazide with acetophenone derivatives. Herein we describe the synthesis of fourteen compounds by microwave irradiation method. The synthesized compounds are in excellent yield by utilizing microwave irradiation heating. Compounds using different aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds should be synthesized and screened for their antibacterial activity to explore the possibility of pyrazole substituted thiazolidin- 4-ones as a novel series of antimicrobials. Synthesis of thiazolidin-4-one substituted pyrazole derivatives was carried out under microwave radiation. These compounds were identified on the basis of melting point range, Rf values, IR, 1HNMR and mass spectral analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity and their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined. Among them Comp. 4b and Comp. 4k possess appreciable antimicrobial and antifungal activities. A novel series of Thiazolidin-4-one substituted pyrazole were synthesized under microwave irradiation method and identified on the basis of melting point range, Rf values, IR, 1HNMR, mass spectral data and elemental analysis. The compounds were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial screening and their Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined. Among all the tested compounds, two compounds 4b and 4k exhibited moderate to significant activity against all the tested strains of bacteria and fungus were found to have appreciable antimicrobial activities. The results of antibacterial activity showed that compounds containing electron withdrawing groups were found to be more active than the compounds containing electron releasing groups.
{"title":"Microwave Assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Screening of Thiazolidin-4-one Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives","authors":"M. Beniwal, N. Jain","doi":"10.2174/2213335606666190722144956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2213335606666190722144956","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This paper describes the synthesis of novel thiazolidin-4-one substituted\u0000pyrazole derivatives from the condensation reaction of hydrazide with acetophenone derivatives.\u0000Herein we describe the synthesis of fourteen compounds by microwave irradiation method. The synthesized\u0000compounds are in excellent yield by utilizing microwave irradiation heating.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Compounds using different aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds should be synthesized\u0000and screened for their antibacterial activity to explore the possibility of pyrazole substituted thiazolidin-\u00004-ones as a novel series of antimicrobials.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Synthesis of thiazolidin-4-one substituted pyrazole derivatives was carried out under microwave\u0000radiation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These compounds were identified on the basis of melting point range, Rf values, IR, 1HNMR\u0000and mass spectral analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial\u0000activity and their Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined. Among them Comp. 4b\u0000and Comp. 4k possess appreciable antimicrobial and antifungal activities.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A novel series of Thiazolidin-4-one substituted pyrazole were synthesized under microwave\u0000irradiation method and identified on the basis of melting point range, Rf values, IR, 1HNMR,\u0000mass spectral data and elemental analysis. The compounds were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial\u0000screening and their Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined. Among all\u0000the tested compounds, two compounds 4b and 4k exhibited moderate to significant activity against\u0000all the tested strains of bacteria and fungus were found to have appreciable antimicrobial activities.\u0000The results of antibacterial activity showed that compounds containing electron withdrawing groups\u0000were found to be more active than the compounds containing electron releasing groups.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/2213335606666190722144956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.2174/2213335606666190429124745
B. Sahoo, B. Banik, Mazaharunnisa, N. Rao, B. Raju
Benzimidazole is the fused heterocyclic aromatic compound. It is an essential pharmacophore and privileged structure for the development of new drug molecules. These are bioactive molecules present in various anthelmintic drugs such as albendazole, mebendazole, parbendazole, triclabendazole etc. Benzimidazole derivatives are synthesized by reaction between orthophenylene diamine and anthranillic acid followed by acetylation in the presence of acetic anhydride. Finally, the acetylated products undergo Claisen-Schimdt condensation with various substituted benzaldehydes to produce corresponding benzimidazole derivatives or chalcones. Both conventional and microwave irradiation technology are followed to get the titled compounds. The titled compounds are screened for their anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity activity. By the help of microwave synthesis, the yield of product was increased in less reaction time. So, it follows Green chemistry approach by making above reactions eco-friendly. Some of the compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity as compared to standard drug. In the present investigation, we have synthesized novel benzimdazole derivatives with chalone moiety to improve the biological activity. The compounds were obtained under microwave reaction with high yield in a short reaction time.
{"title":"Microwave Assisted Green Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Anticonvulsant Activity","authors":"B. Sahoo, B. Banik, Mazaharunnisa, N. Rao, B. Raju","doi":"10.2174/2213335606666190429124745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2213335606666190429124745","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Benzimidazole is the fused heterocyclic aromatic compound. It is an essential\u0000pharmacophore and privileged structure for the development of new drug molecules. These are\u0000bioactive molecules present in various anthelmintic drugs such as albendazole, mebendazole, parbendazole,\u0000triclabendazole etc.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Benzimidazole derivatives are synthesized by reaction between orthophenylene diamine\u0000and anthranillic acid followed by acetylation in the presence of acetic anhydride. Finally, the acetylated\u0000products undergo Claisen-Schimdt condensation with various substituted benzaldehydes to produce\u0000corresponding benzimidazole derivatives or chalcones. Both conventional and microwave irradiation\u0000technology are followed to get the titled compounds. The titled compounds are screened for\u0000their anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity activity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By the help of microwave synthesis, the yield of product was increased in less reaction time.\u0000So, it follows Green chemistry approach by making above reactions eco-friendly. Some of the compounds\u0000exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity as compared to standard drug.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present investigation, we have synthesized novel benzimdazole derivatives with\u0000chalone moiety to improve the biological activity. The compounds were obtained under microwave\u0000reaction with high yield in a short reaction time.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/2213335606666190429124745","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49016545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-24DOI: 10.2174/2213335606666190301160053
Sechin Chang, B. Condon, Jade Smith
New methods for preparing surface modification of flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by applying a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Efforts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with economic and environmentally friendly flame retardant compounds based on the small molecules piperazine, PN and PNN, were done successfully. The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification of cotton fabrics was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by flammability tests, such as 45°angle (clothing textiles test) and limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). Thermogravimetric analysis of all treated cotton fabrics in a nitrogen atmosphere showed high thermal stability, as decomposition occurred between 276.9~291.2°C with 30.5~35.7% residue weight char yield at 600°C. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and the 45° angle flammability test were used to determine the efficiency of the flame-retardant treatments on the fabrics. LOI values for control twill fabric showed ~18 vol% oxygen in nitrogen, whereas the highest treatment level had 32 vol%. High add-on treatments with flame retardants also readily passed the 45° angle flammability test. In the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) tests, a decline in heat of combustion was shown through the smaller values acquired for THR, HRC and Tmax for all PN and PNN samples.
{"title":"Microwave Assisted Preparation of Self-Extinguishing Cotton Fabrics by Small Molecules Containing Phosphorous and Nitrogen","authors":"Sechin Chang, B. Condon, Jade Smith","doi":"10.2174/2213335606666190301160053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2213335606666190301160053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000New methods for preparing surface modification of flame retardant cotton\u0000fabrics were employed by applying a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of\u0000co-solvent. Efforts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with economic and environmentally\u0000friendly flame retardant compounds based on the small molecules piperazine, PN and PNN, were\u0000done successfully.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The evidence of flame retardant chemical penetrations or surface modification\u0000of cotton fabrics was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the treated cotton fabrics\u0000were evaluated by flammability tests, such as 45°angle (clothing textiles test) and limiting Oxygen\u0000Index (LOI). Thermogravimetric analysis of all treated cotton fabrics in a nitrogen atmosphere\u0000showed high thermal stability, as decomposition occurred between 276.9~291.2°C with 30.5~35.7%\u0000residue weight char yield at 600°C. Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and the 45° angle flammability test\u0000were used to determine the efficiency of the flame-retardant treatments on the fabrics. LOI values for\u0000control twill fabric showed ~18 vol% oxygen in nitrogen, whereas the highest treatment level had 32\u0000vol%. High add-on treatments with flame retardants also readily passed the 45° angle flammability\u0000test.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the Microscale Combustion Calorimeter (MCC) tests, a decline in heat of combustion\u0000was shown through the smaller values acquired for THR, HRC and Tmax for all PN and PNN\u0000samples.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48563959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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