Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.2174/0122133356321729240715094501
Srikruthi Kunigal Sridhar, P. Bhavani, Sadhana Noothi, Lakshmi Radhika Gajula, Prakash Goudanavar, B. Gowthami, N. R. Naveen
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis (MAS) has emerged as a groundbreaking technique revolutionizing the field of biomedical and tissue engineering. This review aims to explore the fundamental principles, techniques, and applications of MAS in these domains. Beginning with an overview highlighting its significance, we delve into the basic principles, mechanisms, and comparative analysis with conventional methods. Subsequently, the review explores MAS techniques in biomaterial synthesis, tissue scaffold fabrication, functionalization, and nanomaterial synthesis, along with their role in drug delivery systems. We then examine its diverse applications, including rapid biomaterial synthesis, property tailoring, biocompatibility enhancements, and tissue regeneration strategies. Furthermore, we address the challenges and future perspectives, focusing on safety considerations, understanding cellular responses, integration with advanced technologies, regulatory aspects, and future directions. This comprehensive review underscores MAS as a transformative tool driving innovations in biomedical research and therapeutic applications
微波辅助合成（MAS）已成为生物医学和组织工程领域的一项革命性技术。本综述旨在探讨微波辅助合成的基本原理、技术以及在这些领域的应用。首先，我们概述了 MAS 的重要意义，然后深入探讨了其基本原理、机制以及与传统方法的比较分析。随后，我们探讨了 MAS 技术在生物材料合成、组织支架制造、功能化和纳米材料合成中的应用，以及它们在药物输送系统中的作用。然后，我们探讨了它的各种应用，包括快速生物材料合成、特性定制、生物相容性增强和组织再生策略。此外，我们还探讨了所面临的挑战和未来前景，重点关注安全性考虑、了解细胞反应、与先进技术的整合、监管方面以及未来发展方向。这篇综述强调了 MAS 作为一种变革性工具，推动着生物医学研究和治疗应用的创新。
{"title":"Microwave Revolution: Transforming Biomedical Synthesis for Tissue\u0000Engineering Advancements","authors":"Srikruthi Kunigal Sridhar, P. Bhavani, Sadhana Noothi, Lakshmi Radhika Gajula, Prakash Goudanavar, B. Gowthami, N. R. Naveen","doi":"10.2174/0122133356321729240715094501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356321729240715094501","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Microwave-Assisted Synthesis (MAS) has emerged as a groundbreaking technique\u0000revolutionizing the field of biomedical and tissue engineering. This review aims to explore the\u0000fundamental principles, techniques, and applications of MAS in these domains. Beginning with\u0000an overview highlighting its significance, we delve into the basic principles, mechanisms, and\u0000comparative analysis with conventional methods. Subsequently, the review explores MAS techniques in biomaterial synthesis, tissue scaffold fabrication, functionalization, and nanomaterial\u0000synthesis, along with their role in drug delivery systems. We then examine its diverse applications, including rapid biomaterial synthesis, property tailoring, biocompatibility enhancements,\u0000and tissue regeneration strategies. Furthermore, we address the challenges and future perspectives, focusing on safety considerations, understanding cellular responses, integration with advanced technologies, regulatory aspects, and future directions. This comprehensive review underscores MAS as a transformative tool driving innovations in biomedical research and therapeutic applications\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.2174/0122133356325646240715074628
Piyali Mitra, Pankaj Kumar Mondal, Sasadhar Majhi
Sulfur and nitrogen-containing heterocycles have received a great deal of attention due to their unique structures and therapeutic relevance. Thiazoles and thiadiazoles are important five-membered heterocycles containing sulfur and nitrogen atoms that draw the special attention of re-searchers due to their synthetic diversity and potent pharmacological properties. Thiazoles and thi-adiazoles are used in agrochemicals, liquid crystals, sensors, the cosmetic industry, cyanine dyes, etc. Sometimes, organic synthesis, including thiazoles and thiadiazoles syntheses with the help of conventional methods, is laborious work, while synthesis of promising organic molecules using microwave irradiation provides better yields, diminishes the reaction time, and reduces unwanted side products. The major causes of death worldwide are due to cancer. Current research demands the design and preparation of novel compounds, including thiazoles and thiadiazoles, that may help to combat cancer, as chemotherapy or chemo drugs suffer from some demerits, including toxicity, lack of selectivity, resistance, and side effects. Hence, the review focuses on the microwave-assisted synthesis of thiazoles and thiadiazoles as a sustainable technique for the first time, and it also aims to highlight the anticancer activities of thiazoles and thiadiazole derivatives elegantly.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Thiazoles and Thiadiazoles Having Anticancer Activities under Microwave Irradiation","authors":"Piyali Mitra, Pankaj Kumar Mondal, Sasadhar Majhi","doi":"10.2174/0122133356325646240715074628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356325646240715074628","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Sulfur and nitrogen-containing heterocycles have received a great deal of attention due to their unique structures and therapeutic relevance. Thiazoles and thiadiazoles are important five-membered heterocycles containing sulfur and nitrogen atoms that draw the special attention of re-searchers due to their synthetic diversity and potent pharmacological properties. Thiazoles and thi-adiazoles are used in agrochemicals, liquid crystals, sensors, the cosmetic industry, cyanine dyes, etc. Sometimes, organic synthesis, including thiazoles and thiadiazoles syntheses with the help of conventional methods, is laborious work, while synthesis of promising organic molecules using microwave irradiation provides better yields, diminishes the reaction time, and reduces unwanted side products. The major causes of death worldwide are due to cancer. Current research demands the design and preparation of novel compounds, including thiazoles and thiadiazoles, that may help to combat cancer, as chemotherapy or chemo drugs suffer from some demerits, including toxicity, lack of selectivity, resistance, and side effects. Hence, the review focuses on the microwave-assisted synthesis of thiazoles and thiadiazoles as a sustainable technique for the first time, and it also aims to highlight the anticancer activities of thiazoles and thiadiazole derivatives elegantly.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.2174/0122133356290796240307104427
Shyam Sarkar
Perovskite fluoride nanomaterials are an interesting research topic in material science due to their exciting properties like high-temperature superconductivity, magnetic behaviour, piezoelectric behaviour, etc. Doping of lanthanide ions into the perovskite fluoride nanomaterials makes them more promising as they have applications from biological labelling to multicolor optical devices. This study aimed to carry out the synthesis of perovskite KZnF3 nanocrystals in an ecofriendly environment with the help of a microwave-assisted route in a shorter reaction time and at low temperatures. Moreover, it aimed to make the nanocrystals water dispersible, illuminating brighter photoluminescence, which was achieved by coating nanocrystals surface with poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) and doping of different lanthanide ions (Ln= Tb3+ and Ce3+/Tb3+) respectively, into the KZnF3 nanocrystals matrix. The synthesis of nanocrystals was performed in an environment-friendly microwave-assisted way and under green conditions. For example, in the preparation of Tb3+(5mol%)-doped KZnF3 nanocrystals, 0.95 mmol of Zn(NO3)2 and 0.05 mmol of Tb(NO3)3 were dissolved in 8 mL of distilled water. Then, an 8 mL aqueous solution of KF (3 mmol) was added to it. The entire mixture was stirred well for 15 minutes. About 60 mg of PVP was added to the mixture and stirred for another 15 minutes. Then, a microwave reaction vessel was made by transferring the final reaction mixture into it and kept under microwave irradiation at 90°C temperature for 15 minutes. Finally, the product was cooled to room temperature and collected by centrifugation. Both Tb3+(5mol%)-doped and Ce3+(15mol%)/Tb3+(5mol%) co-doped KZnF3 nanocrystals exhibit very strong green photoluminescence. The structural and optical properties of as-obtained nanocrystals were characterized by PXRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and photoluminescence spectra. The nanocrystals with uniform cubical morphology having ~60 nm sizes were successfully synthesized. The high photoluminescence efficiency, together with the water dispersibility of the nanocrystals, makes the material useful in many fields of optical devices and offers several biological applications. Moreover, this method could be used to make other lanthanide-doped perovskite fluoride nanocrystals
{"title":"Microwave-assisted Green Synthetic Approach towards Water Dispersible\u0000Luminescent PVP-coated Tb3+ and Ce3+/Tb3+\u0000-doped KZnF3 Nanocrystals","authors":"Shyam Sarkar","doi":"10.2174/0122133356290796240307104427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356290796240307104427","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Perovskite fluoride nanomaterials are an interesting research topic in\u0000material science due to their exciting properties like high-temperature superconductivity, magnetic behaviour, piezoelectric behaviour, etc. Doping of lanthanide ions into the perovskite fluoride nanomaterials makes them more promising as they have applications from biological labelling to multicolor optical devices.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to carry out the synthesis of perovskite KZnF3 nanocrystals in an ecofriendly environment with the help of a microwave-assisted route in a shorter reaction time and at\u0000low temperatures. Moreover, it aimed to make the nanocrystals water dispersible, illuminating\u0000brighter photoluminescence, which was achieved by coating nanocrystals surface with poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) and doping of different lanthanide ions (Ln= Tb3+ and Ce3+/Tb3+) respectively,\u0000into the KZnF3 nanocrystals matrix.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The synthesis of nanocrystals was performed in an environment-friendly microwave-assisted way and under green conditions. For example, in the preparation of Tb3+(5mol%)-doped\u0000KZnF3 nanocrystals, 0.95 mmol of Zn(NO3)2 and 0.05 mmol of Tb(NO3)3 were dissolved in 8 mL\u0000of distilled water. Then, an 8 mL aqueous solution of KF (3 mmol) was added to it. The entire\u0000mixture was stirred well for 15 minutes. About 60 mg of PVP was added to the mixture and stirred\u0000for another 15 minutes. Then, a microwave reaction vessel was made by transferring the final reaction mixture into it and kept under microwave irradiation at 90°C temperature for 15 minutes. Finally, the product was cooled to room temperature and collected by centrifugation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Both Tb3+(5mol%)-doped and Ce3+(15mol%)/Tb3+(5mol%) co-doped KZnF3 nanocrystals\u0000exhibit very strong green photoluminescence. The structural and optical properties of as-obtained\u0000nanocrystals were characterized by PXRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier\u0000infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and photoluminescence spectra.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The nanocrystals with uniform cubical morphology having ~60 nm sizes were successfully synthesized. The high photoluminescence efficiency, together with the water dispersibility\u0000of the nanocrystals, makes the material useful in many fields of optical devices and offers several\u0000biological applications. Moreover, this method could be used to make other lanthanide-doped perovskite fluoride nanocrystals\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-15DOI: 10.2174/0122133356288437240131061541
Rajalaxmi Panda, Subhraraj Panda, S. K. Biswal
Understanding the molecular interactions in liquids or liquid mixtures of binary or ternary liquids is crucial for various applications. Numerous methods and tools exist to elucidate how atoms interact in such mixtures. This review examines multiple research papers investigating molecular interactions, focusing on the acoustic/ultrasonic technique. This technique employs ultrasonic waves to probe molecular interactions. Researchers utilized an ultrasonic interferometer to measure ultrasonic wave velocity, liquid den-sity can be determined by using a specific gravity bottle, and employed the Ostwald viscometer for viscosity measurements. Researchers derived several acoustic and thermodynamic parameters by evaluating ultrasonic wave velocity, liquid density, and viscosity. This comprehensive study dramatically contributes to understanding the molecular interactions within specific samples, with detailed explanations provided for the observed parameters. Ultra-sonic wave propagation influences the medium's physical characteristics; it includes knowledge of the physics of liquid and solution. How frequency and temperature affect thermo acoustical characteristics has been investigated. The nature of forces between molecules, including hydrogen bonds, charge transfer complexes, hydrogen bond breaking, and complexes, has been deduced from the investigations above.
{"title":"A Review of Ultrasonic Wave Propagation through Liquid Solutions","authors":"Rajalaxmi Panda, Subhraraj Panda, S. K. Biswal","doi":"10.2174/0122133356288437240131061541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356288437240131061541","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Understanding the molecular interactions in liquids or liquid mixtures of binary or ternary liquids is crucial for various applications. Numerous methods and tools exist to elucidate how atoms interact in such mixtures. This review examines multiple research papers investigating molecular interactions, focusing on the acoustic/ultrasonic technique. This technique employs ultrasonic waves to probe molecular interactions.\u0000Researchers utilized an ultrasonic interferometer to measure ultrasonic wave velocity, liquid den-sity can be determined by using a specific gravity bottle, and employed the Ostwald viscometer for viscosity measurements. Researchers derived several acoustic and thermodynamic parameters by evaluating ultrasonic wave velocity, liquid density, and viscosity.\u0000This comprehensive study dramatically contributes to understanding the molecular interactions within specific samples, with detailed explanations provided for the observed parameters. Ultra-sonic wave propagation influences the medium's physical characteristics; it includes knowledge of the physics of liquid and solution.\u0000How frequency and temperature affect thermo acoustical characteristics has been investigated. The nature of forces between molecules, including hydrogen bonds, charge transfer complexes, hydrogen bond breaking, and complexes, has been deduced from the investigations above.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.2174/0122133356267427231120062925
Soumyadip Basu, C. Mukhopadhyay
This study incorporates the assembly of development methodologies of microwave-acti-vated protocol involving transition metal catalysts for the synthesis of numerous biologically im-portant heterocycles during the past few years. Herein, it highlights the potential of transition metal salts as catalysts in multicomponent reactions performed under microwave conditions for the for-mation of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur-containing bioactive heterocycle moieties. Microwave-activated organic synthesis has been well-utilized as an alternative to conventional methodology in pharmaceutical companies due to its potential to significantly improve the rate and consequently diminish the time span of the synthetic process. The traditional methods involving transition metal catalysts for synthesizing bioactive heterocyclic molecules are prolonged and, thus, difficult to meet the requirements for the timely supply of these important compounds. In our review, our main focus is on integrating such synthetic strategies involving transition metal catalysis with a microwave-activated multicomponent approach for developing bioactive heterocycles.
{"title":"Microwave-activated Synthetic Route to Various Biologically Important Heterocycles Involving Transition Metal Catalysts","authors":"Soumyadip Basu, C. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.2174/0122133356267427231120062925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356267427231120062925","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study incorporates the assembly of development methodologies of microwave-acti-vated protocol involving transition metal catalysts for the synthesis of numerous biologically im-portant heterocycles during the past few years. Herein, it highlights the potential of transition metal salts as catalysts in multicomponent reactions performed under microwave conditions for the for-mation of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur-containing bioactive heterocycle moieties. Microwave-activated organic synthesis has been well-utilized as an alternative to conventional methodology in pharmaceutical companies due to its potential to significantly improve the rate and consequently diminish the time span of the synthetic process. The traditional methods involving transition metal catalysts for synthesizing bioactive heterocyclic molecules are prolonged and, thus, difficult to meet the requirements for the timely supply of these important compounds. In our review, our main focus is on integrating such synthetic strategies involving transition metal catalysis with a microwave-activated multicomponent approach for developing bioactive heterocycles.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-08DOI: 10.2174/0122133356264245231120053530
Omar Merino Pérez, Ricardo Cerón-Camacho, Rafael Martinez Palou
Lignin is a very abundant biopolymer with great potential to produce other high-value polymers with aromatic groups. Its valorization has been limited principally by its poor solubility in conventional organic solvents, which makes it difficult to deconstruct or transform it into other products with higher added value. In this work, we describe a one-pot procedure to prepare vari-ous Deep Eutectic Solvents and study their ability to dissolve Kraft lignin with the aid of micro-wave dielectric heating efficiently. Lignin is a widely available aromatic biopolymer that is largely discarded or used as a low-value fuel when separated in paper production processes, so researchers are engaged in the development of lignin dissolution processes that allow its easy deconstruction and transfor-mation into other products with higher added value. The main objective of this work is to find deep eutectic solvents capable of dissolving significant quantities of lignin with the aid of microwaves as a heating source. The present work developed a simple, fast, and efficient method to dissolve lignin using Deep Eutectic Solvent/acetonitrile as solvents and irradiation by dielectric microwave heating. Most of the DESs studied achieved significant dissolution of purchased lignin with com-mon organic solvents by employing microwave irradiation as the heating method. Some DESs studied in this work are good alternatives as solvents for lignin due to the solvent option of simple preparation from renewable precursors from biomass, such as glyc-erol, choline chloride, and urea, of low toxicity and cost for this application. The effectiveness of these systems appears to be based on molecular recognition by hydrogen bonding interactions involving the three species that make up the eutectic and the hydroxyl groups of the lignin. These solvents can be recovered and recycled.
木质素是一种非常丰富的生物聚合物，具有生产其他带有芳香基团的高价值聚合物的巨大潜力。木质素在传统有机溶剂中的溶解度较低，使其难以解构或转化为其他具有更高附加值的产品，从而限制了其价值的提升。在这项工作中，我们介绍了制备各种深共晶溶剂的一锅程序，并研究了它们在微波介电加热的帮助下高效溶解牛皮纸木质素的能力。木质素是一种广泛存在的芳香族生物聚合物，在造纸过程中分离出来后大多被丢弃或用作低价值燃料，因此研究人员致力于开发木质素溶解工艺，使其易于解构并转化为其他具有更高附加值的产品。本研究开发了一种简单、快速、高效的溶解木质素的方法，使用深共晶溶剂/乙腈作为溶剂，并通过介质微波加热进行辐照。所研究的大多数 DES 通过使用微波辐照作为加热方法，实现了用普通有机溶剂大量溶解所购买的木质素。这项工作中研究的一些 DESs 是木质素溶剂的良好替代品，因为这些溶剂可从生物质中的可再生前体（如甘油醇、氯化胆碱和尿素）中简单制备，毒性低且成本低。这些系统的有效性似乎是基于组成共晶的三种物质与木质素羟基之间的氢键相互作用所产生的分子识别。这些溶剂可以回收和循环使用。
{"title":"One-step Synthesis of Deep Eutectic Solvents and dissolution of their Kraft Lignin","authors":"Omar Merino Pérez, Ricardo Cerón-Camacho, Rafael Martinez Palou","doi":"10.2174/0122133356264245231120053530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356264245231120053530","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Lignin is a very abundant biopolymer with great potential to produce other high-value polymers with aromatic groups. Its valorization has been limited principally by its poor solubility in conventional organic solvents, which makes it difficult to deconstruct or transform it into other products with higher added value. In this work, we describe a one-pot procedure to prepare vari-ous Deep Eutectic Solvents and study their ability to dissolve Kraft lignin with the aid of micro-wave dielectric heating efficiently.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Lignin is a widely available aromatic biopolymer that is largely discarded or used as a low-value fuel when separated in paper production processes, so researchers are engaged in the development of lignin dissolution processes that allow its easy deconstruction and transfor-mation into other products with higher added value.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The main objective of this work is to find deep eutectic solvents capable of dissolving significant quantities of lignin with the aid of microwaves as a heating source.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present work developed a simple, fast, and efficient method to dissolve lignin using Deep Eutectic Solvent/acetonitrile as solvents and irradiation by dielectric microwave heating.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Most of the DESs studied achieved significant dissolution of purchased lignin with com-mon organic solvents by employing microwave irradiation as the heating method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Some DESs studied in this work are good alternatives as solvents for lignin due to the solvent option of simple preparation from renewable precursors from biomass, such as glyc-erol, choline chloride, and urea, of low toxicity and cost for this application. The effectiveness of these systems appears to be based on molecular recognition by hydrogen bonding interactions involving the three species that make up the eutectic and the hydroxyl groups of the lignin. These solvents can be recovered and recycled.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.2174/0122133356269940231116134734
Pranali Hadole, Sampat R. Shingda, Aniruddha Mondal, Kundan Lal, R. Chaudhary, Sudip Mondal
Microwave-assisted synthesis is a powerful tool in organic chemistry, providing a rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles. The application of microwaves significantly reduces reaction times and increases percentage yields with high purity of the final product. To make the synthetic protocol greener, the application of the magnetic nanocatalyst is a rapidly growing area of interest nowadays. Magnetic nanocatalyst, with its unique features like magnetic separable facile recovery from the reaction media heterogeneously, makes the overall synthetic strategy cleaner, faster, and cost-effective. Aiming this, in the present review, we will focus on the infusion of Magnetic nanocatalyst to microwave-assisted synthesis of various classes of azaheterocyclic compounds, including pyridines, pyrimidines, quinolines, and benzimidazoles. The synthetic methodologies involved in the preparation of these heterocycles are highlighted, along with their biological activities. Furthermore, in this review, the most recent and advanced strategies to incorporate nanocatalysts in the microwave-assisted synthesis of natural products containing azaheterocyclic moieties in drug discovery programs are elucidated in detail, along with the incoming future scope and challenges
{"title":"Infusion of Magnetic Nanocatalyst to Microwave Propped Synthesis of\u0000Bioactive Azaheterocycles","authors":"Pranali Hadole, Sampat R. Shingda, Aniruddha Mondal, Kundan Lal, R. Chaudhary, Sudip Mondal","doi":"10.2174/0122133356269940231116134734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356269940231116134734","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Microwave-assisted synthesis is a powerful tool in organic chemistry, providing a\u0000rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles. The application of microwaves significantly reduces reaction times and increases percentage yields with high purity of the\u0000final product. To make the synthetic protocol greener, the application of the magnetic nanocatalyst is a rapidly growing area of interest nowadays. Magnetic nanocatalyst, with its unique features like magnetic separable facile recovery from the reaction media heterogeneously, makes the\u0000overall synthetic strategy cleaner, faster, and cost-effective. Aiming this, in the present review,\u0000we will focus on the infusion of Magnetic nanocatalyst to microwave-assisted synthesis of various classes of azaheterocyclic compounds, including pyridines, pyrimidines, quinolines, and benzimidazoles. The synthetic methodologies involved in the preparation of these heterocycles are\u0000highlighted, along with their biological activities. Furthermore, in this review, the most recent\u0000and advanced strategies to incorporate nanocatalysts in the microwave-assisted synthesis of natural products containing azaheterocyclic moieties in drug discovery programs are elucidated in\u0000detail, along with the incoming future scope and challenges\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.2174/0122133356269695231120095457
Aramita De, Subhankar Sarkar, A. Majee
Microwave radiation has been utilised since the late 1970s as an alternative thermal energy source for chemical reactions. Initially used in inorganic chemistry, its potential for organic chemistry was revealed in 1986. Convertion of electromagnetic energy into heat, with frequencies ranging from 0.3-300 GHz using microwave irradiation, is an efficient heating method. The microwave heating method has significant potential for industrial processes, reducing reaction times and enhancing yields and selectivity. It finds applications in peptide and organic synthesis, materials science, polymer chemistry, biochemical processes, and nanotechnology. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis is environmentally friendly and beneficial for producing bioactive heterocyclic compounds. Oxygen-containing heterocycles are abundant and possess various biological functions, making them essential for developing new drugs. Microwave technology facilitates the synthesis of these compounds, including bioactive six-membered o-heterocycles such as pyrones, oxazolones, furanones, oxetanes, oxazolidinones, and dioxetanes. By utilizing modern organic transformations, microwave-assisted chemistry enhancesthe efficiency of synthetic processes, leading to the discovery of more beneficial molecules. The review provides an up-to-date analysis of the synthesis and medicinal properties of O-heterocycles, emphasizing the strengths and needs of this field. It guides researchers, facilitating microwave-assisted green synthesis reactions and offering a flexible platform for forming bioactive heterocyclic rings.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Bioactive Six-membered O-heterocycles","authors":"Aramita De, Subhankar Sarkar, A. Majee","doi":"10.2174/0122133356269695231120095457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356269695231120095457","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Microwave radiation has been utilised since the late 1970s as an alternative\u0000thermal energy source for chemical reactions. Initially used in inorganic chemistry, its\u0000potential for organic chemistry was revealed in 1986. Convertion of electromagnetic\u0000energy into heat, with frequencies ranging from 0.3-300 GHz using microwave irradiation, is an efficient heating method. The microwave heating method has significant\u0000potential for industrial processes, reducing reaction times and enhancing yields and selectivity. It finds applications in peptide and organic synthesis, materials science, polymer chemistry, biochemical processes, and nanotechnology. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis is environmentally friendly and beneficial for producing bioactive heterocyclic compounds. Oxygen-containing heterocycles are abundant and possess various biological functions, making them essential for developing new drugs. Microwave\u0000technology facilitates the synthesis of these compounds, including bioactive six-membered o-heterocycles such as pyrones, oxazolones, furanones, oxetanes, oxazolidinones, and dioxetanes. By utilizing modern organic transformations, microwave-assisted chemistry enhancesthe efficiency of synthetic processes, leading to the discovery\u0000of more beneficial molecules. The review provides an up-to-date analysis of the synthesis and medicinal properties of O-heterocycles, emphasizing the strengths and needs\u0000of this field. It guides researchers, facilitating microwave-assisted green synthesis reactions and offering a flexible platform for forming bioactive heterocyclic rings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.2174/0122133356271504231020050826
Munna Mukhia, Kiran Pradhan, Kinkar Biswas
Abstract: Peptides are important as drugs and biologically active molecules. The synthesis of pep-tides has gathered considerable attention in recent years due to their various attractive properties. Conventional peptide synthesis is tedious and requires hazardous reagents and solvents. Micro-wave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis has several advantages compared with conventional batch synthesis. Herein, we have discussed various microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide bond synthesis methods developed over the last five years. Peptides are categorized into four groups - small, medium, large, and cyclic based on their length and structural characteristics to make it easier to understand. This review article also discusses the scope and limitations of microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis.
{"title":"Microwave-Assisted Solid Phase Synthesis of Different Peptide Bonds: Recent Advancements","authors":"Munna Mukhia, Kiran Pradhan, Kinkar Biswas","doi":"10.2174/0122133356271504231020050826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356271504231020050826","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Peptides are important as drugs and biologically active molecules. The synthesis of pep-tides has gathered considerable attention in recent years due to their various attractive properties. Conventional peptide synthesis is tedious and requires hazardous reagents and solvents. Micro-wave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis has several advantages compared with conventional batch synthesis. Herein, we have discussed various microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide bond synthesis methods developed over the last five years. Peptides are categorized into four groups - small, medium, large, and cyclic based on their length and structural characteristics to make it easier to understand. This review article also discusses the scope and limitations of microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis.","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135976914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.2174/0122133356264446230925173123
Sasadhar Majhi, Pankaj Kumar Mondal
Abstract: One of the most efficient non-conventional heating methods is microwave irradiation. In organic synthesis, microwave irradiation has become a popular heating technique as it enhances product yields and purities, reduces reaction time from hours to minutes, and decreases unwanted side reactions. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis utilizes dielectric volumetric heating as an alternative activation method, which results in rapid and more selective transformations because of the uniform heat distribution. Heterocyclic compounds have a profound role in the drug discovery and development process along with their applications as agrochemicals, fungicides, herbicides, etc., making them the most prevalent form of biologically relevant molecules. Hence, enormous efforts have been made to flourish green routes for their high-yielding synthesis under microwave irradiation as a sustainable tool. Among the different clinical applications, heterocyclic compounds have received considerable attention as anti-cancer agents. Heterocyclic moieties have always been core parts of the development of anti-cancer drugs, including market-selling drugs, i.e., 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, methotrexate, daunorubicin, etc., and natural alkaloids, such as vinblastine and vincristine. In this review, we focus on the developments in the microwave-assisted synthesis of heterocycles and the anti-cancer activities of particular heterocycles.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles and their Anti-cancer Activities","authors":"Sasadhar Majhi, Pankaj Kumar Mondal","doi":"10.2174/0122133356264446230925173123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122133356264446230925173123","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: One of the most efficient non-conventional heating methods is microwave irradiation. In organic synthesis, microwave irradiation has become a popular heating technique as it enhances product yields and purities, reduces reaction time from hours to minutes, and decreases unwanted side reactions. Microwave-assisted organic synthesis utilizes dielectric volumetric heating as an alternative activation method, which results in rapid and more selective transformations because of the uniform heat distribution. Heterocyclic compounds have a profound role in the drug discovery and development process along with their applications as agrochemicals, fungicides, herbicides, etc., making them the most prevalent form of biologically relevant molecules. Hence, enormous efforts have been made to flourish green routes for their high-yielding synthesis under microwave irradiation as a sustainable tool. Among the different clinical applications, heterocyclic compounds have received considerable attention as anti-cancer agents. Heterocyclic moieties have always been core parts of the development of anti-cancer drugs, including market-selling drugs, i.e., 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, methotrexate, daunorubicin, etc., and natural alkaloids, such as vinblastine and vincristine. In this review, we focus on the developments in the microwave-assisted synthesis of heterocycles and the anti-cancer activities of particular heterocycles.","PeriodicalId":43539,"journal":{"name":"Current Microwave Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136015145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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