Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223789
J. Spicer, D. Busbaher
In order to operate at optimum emission current density, dispenser cathodes must achieve a specific temperature while a specific heater power is applied. A coiled wire heater is commonly used to generate this power. These heaters are typically manufactured from Tungsten-Rhenium wire which is wound into a non-inductive coil. As the heater geometry is constrained by the material properties and electrical isolation needs of the wire, the coiled wire heater is often an inefficient use of available space and results in increased cost for the cathode assembly. Printed ceramic heater technology exists, but, to date, has not been usable in dispenser cathodes due to the manufacturing tolerances. This paper discusses the present status of a project to use ink-jetted tungsten particles on a ceramic substrate as an alternate approach to the multi-layer heater design.
{"title":"Further developments in multi-layer heaters for use in dispenser cathodes","authors":"J. Spicer, D. Busbaher","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223789","url":null,"abstract":"In order to operate at optimum emission current density, dispenser cathodes must achieve a specific temperature while a specific heater power is applied. A coiled wire heater is commonly used to generate this power. These heaters are typically manufactured from Tungsten-Rhenium wire which is wound into a non-inductive coil. As the heater geometry is constrained by the material properties and electrical isolation needs of the wire, the coiled wire heater is often an inefficient use of available space and results in increased cost for the cathode assembly. Printed ceramic heater technology exists, but, to date, has not been usable in dispenser cathodes due to the manufacturing tolerances. This paper discusses the present status of a project to use ink-jetted tungsten particles on a ceramic substrate as an alternate approach to the multi-layer heater design.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122634701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223760
Ming-Shing Lin, Shi-ming Lin, Chiang Y. Wei, Kuang L. Wu, L. Barnett, K. Chu
We present the theory and experimental observation on the polarization-charge shielding effects in microwave heating. A wood-stick sample is irradiated by a uniform traveling wave in an anechoic chamber. As a result of polarization-charge shielding, the heating rate is shown to be highly dependent on the orientation of the sample with respect to the wave electric field.
{"title":"Effects of polarization-charge shielding in microwave heating","authors":"Ming-Shing Lin, Shi-ming Lin, Chiang Y. Wei, Kuang L. Wu, L. Barnett, K. Chu","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223760","url":null,"abstract":"We present the theory and experimental observation on the polarization-charge shielding effects in microwave heating. A wood-stick sample is irradiated by a uniform traveling wave in an anechoic chamber. As a result of polarization-charge shielding, the heating rate is shown to be highly dependent on the orientation of the sample with respect to the wave electric field.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122908864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223904
Bin Shen, Yao-gen Ding, Zhaochuan Zhang, Hong-hong Gu, Caiying Wang
A new type of S-band multi-beam klystron (MBK) with peak power of 1.5MW is developing at IECAS. The design of the electron optics system, RF interaction section and broadband output coupling systems of the MBK will be described in this paper. Also some cold measurement results of the tube will be presented.
{"title":"The design of S-band 1.5MW high power multi-beam klystron","authors":"Bin Shen, Yao-gen Ding, Zhaochuan Zhang, Hong-hong Gu, Caiying Wang","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223904","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of S-band multi-beam klystron (MBK) with peak power of 1.5MW is developing at IECAS. The design of the electron optics system, RF interaction section and broadband output coupling systems of the MBK will be described in this paper. Also some cold measurement results of the tube will be presented.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132551124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223957
Yanshuai Wang, Z. Duan, Xiang Huang, Xinwu Ma, Xianfeng Tang, Zhanliang Wang, Jinjun Feng, Y. Gong
We propose a metamaterial slow-wave structure (SWS) which is composed of a circular waveguide periodically loaded with complementary electric split ring resonators (CeSRRs). The high-frequency characteristics of the metamaterial SWS have been studied, and the simulation results reveal that it is a kind of SWS of higher interaction impedance. An S-band metamaterial microwave radiation source is calculated by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, the results show that it is a potential high-power microwave radiation source.
{"title":"Metamaterial-based high-power microwave radiation sources","authors":"Yanshuai Wang, Z. Duan, Xiang Huang, Xinwu Ma, Xianfeng Tang, Zhanliang Wang, Jinjun Feng, Y. Gong","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223957","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a metamaterial slow-wave structure (SWS) which is composed of a circular waveguide periodically loaded with complementary electric split ring resonators (CeSRRs). The high-frequency characteristics of the metamaterial SWS have been studied, and the simulation results reveal that it is a kind of SWS of higher interaction impedance. An S-band metamaterial microwave radiation source is calculated by particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, the results show that it is a potential high-power microwave radiation source.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134477462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A double anode magnetron injected gun (MIG) for a terahertz (THz) band cyclotron oscillation tube has been presented in this paper. Through design, simulation and optimization by the particle-in-cell (PIC) code, a double-anode electron gun with trans-velocity spread of 3.19% is obtained, and the ratio of the transverse velocity to the axial velocity is equal to 1.4. The designed electron gun well satisfies the requirement of the 0.4 THz gyrotron.
{"title":"Design and simulation of a magnetron injected electronic gun for 0.4 THz gyrotron","authors":"Yanyan Zhang, Sheng Yu, Tianzhong Zhang, Qixiang Zhao, Youwei Yang, Zhipeng Wang, Qiuling Mou, X. Niu, Ying-hui Liu","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223918","url":null,"abstract":"A double anode magnetron injected gun (MIG) for a terahertz (THz) band cyclotron oscillation tube has been presented in this paper. Through design, simulation and optimization by the particle-in-cell (PIC) code, a double-anode electron gun with trans-velocity spread of 3.19% is obtained, and the ratio of the transverse velocity to the axial velocity is equal to 1.4. The designed electron gun well satisfies the requirement of the 0.4 THz gyrotron.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130304962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223900
Fei Yan, D. Jin, Lei Chen, X. Wan
Penning-type ion source performance for neutron generator applications is characterized partly by the atomic ion fraction. A miniature Penning ion source has been fabricated to investigate the atomic ion fraction of the deuterium plasma by a mass-energy analyer. The energy for the mass settings of 2 and 4, corresponding to D+ and D2+ ions respectively, show Guass distributions. The results show that the atomic ion fraction could vary from 2.26% to 5.63% by changing the pressure, the anode voltage and the discharge current. The results can provide useful information for the choosing of the discharge conditions.
{"title":"Plasma diagnosis in a miniature penning ion source by a mass-energy analyer","authors":"Fei Yan, D. Jin, Lei Chen, X. Wan","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223900","url":null,"abstract":"Penning-type ion source performance for neutron generator applications is characterized partly by the atomic ion fraction. A miniature Penning ion source has been fabricated to investigate the atomic ion fraction of the deuterium plasma by a mass-energy analyer. The energy for the mass settings of 2 and 4, corresponding to D+ and D2+ ions respectively, show Guass distributions. The results show that the atomic ion fraction could vary from 2.26% to 5.63% by changing the pressure, the anode voltage and the discharge current. The results can provide useful information for the choosing of the discharge conditions.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115592744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223942
Xiaoyang Zheng, L. Meng, Xiwei Tong
In order to meet microwave devices' growing demand on material's vacuum properties, the author carries out preliminary exploration of the process of material's outgassing and its causes, the diffusion characteristics of different gases in material. It is pointed out that on the basis of maintaining its original physical and chemical properties, material's vacuum properties can be improved by surface modification. At last, this paper compares the volumes of the emitted gases of stainless steel coated by TiN film and stainless steel without TiN film, after they are both roasted by high temperature. The result confirms that the surface modification, TiN film can improve the vacuum properties of the material.
{"title":"Material's outgassing and surface modification of TiN coating film","authors":"Xiaoyang Zheng, L. Meng, Xiwei Tong","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223942","url":null,"abstract":"In order to meet microwave devices' growing demand on material's vacuum properties, the author carries out preliminary exploration of the process of material's outgassing and its causes, the diffusion characteristics of different gases in material. It is pointed out that on the basis of maintaining its original physical and chemical properties, material's vacuum properties can be improved by surface modification. At last, this paper compares the volumes of the emitted gases of stainless steel coated by TiN film and stainless steel without TiN film, after they are both roasted by high temperature. The result confirms that the surface modification, TiN film can improve the vacuum properties of the material.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114606683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223909
Yuchuan Zhang, Jun Sun, H. Shao, X. Bai, Xiaowei Zhang, Yibing Cao, Yuqin Liang, Jiawei Li
In this paper, the effect of the gases absorbed on the surface of the RBWO high-frequency structure and the background gases inside the system on the pulse duration of high power microwave is analyzed. To simulate the plasmas originating from the ionized gases, a PIC model is studied. Simulation results show that the microwave power declines and the pulse-duration decreases with plasma filled in the RBWO. Based on the simulation results, a method of baking for suppressing gas desorption is presented. The preliminary experimental results show that the pulse duration can be increased to 31ns by suppressing the gas desorption, while for the same microwave power, the pulse duration is only 19ns without treatment for the RBWO.
{"title":"Pulse duration extension of RBWO by suppressing gas desorption","authors":"Yuchuan Zhang, Jun Sun, H. Shao, X. Bai, Xiaowei Zhang, Yibing Cao, Yuqin Liang, Jiawei Li","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223909","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the effect of the gases absorbed on the surface of the RBWO high-frequency structure and the background gases inside the system on the pulse duration of high power microwave is analyzed. To simulate the plasmas originating from the ionized gases, a PIC model is studied. Simulation results show that the microwave power declines and the pulse-duration decreases with plasma filled in the RBWO. Based on the simulation results, a method of baking for suppressing gas desorption is presented. The preliminary experimental results show that the pulse duration can be increased to 31ns by suppressing the gas desorption, while for the same microwave power, the pulse duration is only 19ns without treatment for the RBWO.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117053918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223971
Quanfeng Zhou, Rui Song, W. Lei, Yi Jiang, Peng Hu, Lei Yan, Guowu Ma, Hongbin Chen
A broadband 0.22THz folded waveguide traveling wave tube amplifier has been designed by analyzing its slow wave structure and simulating with PIC code. The folded waveguide traveling wave tube is proposed to be operating at 0.22THz, with a 3 dB bandwidth of more than 10GHz. The gain of this folded waveguide traveling wave tube is to be more than 13 dB, and the beam voltage is 14 kV. The first test of this prototype was accomplished in late 2014, which resulted in more than 12 dB at 0.22THz and with a 3dB bandwidth of 8.8 GHz. Tube design and test are presented in this paper.
{"title":"Development of a 0.22THz folded waveguide travelling wave tube","authors":"Quanfeng Zhou, Rui Song, W. Lei, Yi Jiang, Peng Hu, Lei Yan, Guowu Ma, Hongbin Chen","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223971","url":null,"abstract":"A broadband 0.22THz folded waveguide traveling wave tube amplifier has been designed by analyzing its slow wave structure and simulating with PIC code. The folded waveguide traveling wave tube is proposed to be operating at 0.22THz, with a 3 dB bandwidth of more than 10GHz. The gain of this folded waveguide traveling wave tube is to be more than 13 dB, and the beam voltage is 14 kV. The first test of this prototype was accomplished in late 2014, which resulted in more than 12 dB at 0.22THz and with a 3dB bandwidth of 8.8 GHz. Tube design and test are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117140103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-27DOI: 10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223837
Ping Wu, Jun Sun, Yibing Cao, Y. Teng
Cathode Plasma is a basic phenomenon in explosive electron emission (EEE). This paper addresses the plasma characteristics of annular explosive emission cathodes (EECs) with a framing camera. The plasma photographs show that the plasma development proceeds slower than the electron emission process and has a significant persistence effect which makes the cathode plasma need several microseconds to dissipate thoroughly after the high-voltage pulse. The photographs also show that the guiding magnetic field and cathode material have significant influences on emission uniformity of EECs.
{"title":"Characteristics of plasma process in explosive electron emission","authors":"Ping Wu, Jun Sun, Yibing Cao, Y. Teng","doi":"10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVEC.2015.7223837","url":null,"abstract":"Cathode Plasma is a basic phenomenon in explosive electron emission (EEE). This paper addresses the plasma characteristics of annular explosive emission cathodes (EECs) with a framing camera. The plasma photographs show that the plasma development proceeds slower than the electron emission process and has a significant persistence effect which makes the cathode plasma need several microseconds to dissipate thoroughly after the high-voltage pulse. The photographs also show that the guiding magnetic field and cathode material have significant influences on emission uniformity of EECs.","PeriodicalId":435469,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122629389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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