Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-98-114
S. Berdnikov, V. Selyutin, F. Surkov, Yuri V. Tyutyunov
{"title":"Modeling of Marine Ecosystems: Experience, Modern Approaches, Directions of Development (Review). Part 1: End-to-End Models","authors":"S. Berdnikov, V. Selyutin, F. Surkov, Yuri V. Tyutyunov","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-98-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-98-114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41503582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-15-29
V. A. Pavlushin, A. Kubryakov
{"title":"Seasonal and Interannual Variability of the Thermohaline Structure of the Bengel Upwelling Based on the Argo Buoys Data","authors":"V. A. Pavlushin, A. Kubryakov","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-15-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-15-29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42313464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-83-97
A. Masevich, S. Konovalov
{"title":"Oxygen Dynamics during the Period of Dystrophic Processes in the Black Sea","authors":"A. Masevich, S. Konovalov","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-83-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-83-97","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44984190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-67-82
А. Sizov, T. Bayankina, N. E. Lebedev
{"title":"Thermocline Dynamics in the Zone of the Rim Current Action in Winter Period (Based on to the Drifter Experiment Data)","authors":"А. Sizov, T. Bayankina, N. E. Lebedev","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-67-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-67-82","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-47-66
I. D. Rostov, E. Dmitrieva, N. Rudykh
{"title":"Interannual Variability of Thermal Characteristics in the Indian Ocean under the Conditions of Global Warming","authors":"I. D. Rostov, E. Dmitrieva, N. Rudykh","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-47-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2022-1-47-66","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45548959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.22449/1573-160x-2021-6-660-676
N. Orekhova
Purpose. One of the key characteristics of water quality and marine ecosystems’ sustainability is nutrients supply, which are the main factors of phytoplankton bloom. Since the mid-20 th century, in the northwestern Black Sea and on its western shelf significant changes in nutrients concentrations took place, which were manifested in increase of the inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and decrease of the dissolved silicon content, that in its turn, led to a strong anthropogenic eutrophication of the above-mentioned regions. The aim of the work is to assess the current state of the Black Sea based on the data on the nutrients distribution and dynamics in the surface water layer. Methods and Results. The data obtained in the cruises of R/V Professor Vodyanitsky in 2016–2019 were analyzed. The main regions under study included the deep part of the Black Sea, as well as the Crimean and Caucasian sectors of the economic zone of Russia. The data obtained showed significant variability in the nutrients concentration both in the coastal and open areas. Conclusions. A decrease of nutrients concentration in 2016–2019 as compared to that in 2009–2014 was noted, that can indicate a decrease in the eutrophication degree and an improvement of the Black Sea waters quality. Intra-annual variability of the nutrients concentration in the sea surface layer is observed. No pronounced features in spatial variability of the nutrients concentration in this layer were revealed. It is assumed that in the central deep part of the sea, their concentrations are governed mainly by the physical processes of water transfer. In addition to physical transport, the increased nutrients concentrations in the coastal areas are, probably, also related to influence of the anthropogenic factor, namely inflow of nutrients from the coastal sources or their formation resulting from the biogeochemical processes with organic matter. 0555-2021-0004, and the RFBR projects No. 18-05-80028 “Studies and scaling of water dynamics and biogeochemical processes in development of oxygen deficit and sulfidic conditions in coastal areas of the Crimea and the Kerch Strait” (analysis of the data obtained in the coastal regions of the Black Sea) and No. 21-55-52001 “Comparing structure, functions and niche differentiation in marine picophytoplankton communities with and without Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria in the East China Sea and the Black Sea”.
{"title":"Nutrients Dynamics in the Surface Waters of the Black Sea","authors":"N. Orekhova","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2021-6-660-676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2021-6-660-676","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. One of the key characteristics of water quality and marine ecosystems’ sustainability is nutrients supply, which are the main factors of phytoplankton bloom. Since the mid-20 th century, in the northwestern Black Sea and on its western shelf significant changes in nutrients concentrations took place, which were manifested in increase of the inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and decrease of the dissolved silicon content, that in its turn, led to a strong anthropogenic eutrophication of the above-mentioned regions. The aim of the work is to assess the current state of the Black Sea based on the data on the nutrients distribution and dynamics in the surface water layer. Methods and Results. The data obtained in the cruises of R/V Professor Vodyanitsky in 2016–2019 were analyzed. The main regions under study included the deep part of the Black Sea, as well as the Crimean and Caucasian sectors of the economic zone of Russia. The data obtained showed significant variability in the nutrients concentration both in the coastal and open areas. Conclusions. A decrease of nutrients concentration in 2016–2019 as compared to that in 2009–2014 was noted, that can indicate a decrease in the eutrophication degree and an improvement of the Black Sea waters quality. Intra-annual variability of the nutrients concentration in the sea surface layer is observed. No pronounced features in spatial variability of the nutrients concentration in this layer were revealed. It is assumed that in the central deep part of the sea, their concentrations are governed mainly by the physical processes of water transfer. In addition to physical transport, the increased nutrients concentrations in the coastal areas are, probably, also related to influence of the anthropogenic factor, namely inflow of nutrients from the coastal sources or their formation resulting from the biogeochemical processes with organic matter. 0555-2021-0004, and the RFBR projects No. 18-05-80028 “Studies and scaling of water dynamics and biogeochemical processes in development of oxygen deficit and sulfidic conditions in coastal areas of the Crimea and the Kerch Strait” (analysis of the data obtained in the coastal regions of the Black Sea) and No. 21-55-52001 “Comparing structure, functions and niche differentiation in marine picophytoplankton communities with and without Prochlorococcus cyanobacteria in the East China Sea and the Black Sea”.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42091152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.22449/1573-160x-2021-6-677-690
V. Efimov, A. Anisimov, O. Komarovskaya
vefim38@mail.ru Purpose . The purpose of the study is to reproduce the evolution of clouds and precipitation and to evaluate the summer and winter precipitation features in the Black Sea region and Crimea using the WRF-ARW model. Methods and Results . The results of numerical simulations of the summer and winter atmospheric precipitation in Crimea, and the corresponding comparative characteristics are presented. Based on the example of the convection case in July 2018, shown are the convective activity diurnal dynamics and its spatial features induced by the breeze circulation over Crimea. Moisture balance analysis was performed, and quantitative estimates of the summer precipitation formation mechanism are given. The case study of December 2018 precipitation caused by the cyclone and associated cold front passage highlights the feature of the winter precipitation formation mechanism that is driven by moisture advection. The formation of intense winter and summer precipitation in the Crimean Mountains was also considered. Conclusions. The characteristic feature of summer precipitation is its diurnal periodicity and internal moisture cycle. The impact of breezes leads to the localization of convective clouds and precipitation in the central regions of the peninsula. The winter precipitation-forming cloudiness in Crimea consists predominantly of stratiform clouds; the precipitation patterns are conditioned by the large-scale circulation: the external moisture cycle is of a decisive character in winter. The high-altitude mountain areas are the zones of maximum precipitation in both seasons; they play an important role in the total moisture balance research project 20-45-920017 “Quantitative estimates of precipitation in Southwestern Crimea and Sevastopol based on numerical modeling and radar observations” (financially supported by RFBR and the Sevastopol municipality) and state task No. 0827-2021-0002 “Fundamental studies of the interaction processes in the ocean-atmosphere system conditioning the regional spatial-temporal variability of natural environment
{"title":"Features of Summer and Winter Precipitation in the Northern Part of the Black Sea Region: Two Model Case Studies","authors":"V. Efimov, A. Anisimov, O. Komarovskaya","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2021-6-677-690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2021-6-677-690","url":null,"abstract":" vefim38@mail.ru Purpose . The purpose of the study is to reproduce the evolution of clouds and precipitation and to evaluate the summer and winter precipitation features in the Black Sea region and Crimea using the WRF-ARW model. Methods and Results . The results of numerical simulations of the summer and winter atmospheric precipitation in Crimea, and the corresponding comparative characteristics are presented. Based on the example of the convection case in July 2018, shown are the convective activity diurnal dynamics and its spatial features induced by the breeze circulation over Crimea. Moisture balance analysis was performed, and quantitative estimates of the summer precipitation formation mechanism are given. The case study of December 2018 precipitation caused by the cyclone and associated cold front passage highlights the feature of the winter precipitation formation mechanism that is driven by moisture advection. The formation of intense winter and summer precipitation in the Crimean Mountains was also considered. Conclusions. The characteristic feature of summer precipitation is its diurnal periodicity and internal moisture cycle. The impact of breezes leads to the localization of convective clouds and precipitation in the central regions of the peninsula. The winter precipitation-forming cloudiness in Crimea consists predominantly of stratiform clouds; the precipitation patterns are conditioned by the large-scale circulation: the external moisture cycle is of a decisive character in winter. The high-altitude mountain areas are the zones of maximum precipitation in both seasons; they play an important role in the total moisture balance research project 20-45-920017 “Quantitative estimates of precipitation in Southwestern Crimea and Sevastopol based on numerical modeling and radar observations” (financially supported by RFBR and the Sevastopol municipality) and state task No. 0827-2021-0002 “Fundamental studies of the interaction processes in the ocean-atmosphere system conditioning the regional spatial-temporal variability of natural environment","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43887847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.22449/1573-160x-2021-4-414-425
A. Zapevalov, A. Garmashov
Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze variability of the statistical moments characterizing deviations of the sea surface elevation distributions from the Gaussian. Methods and Results. Field studies of the sea waves’ characteristics were carried out from the stationary oceanographic platform located in the Black Sea near the Southern coast of Crimea. The data obtained both in summer and winter, were used. The statistical moments were calculated separately for wind waves and swell. The measurements were performed in a wide range of meteorological conditions and wave parameters (wind speed varied from 0 to 26 m/s, wave age – from 0 to 5.2 and steepness – from 0.005 to 0.095). For wind waves, the coefficients of skewness correlation with the waves’ steepness and age were equal to 0.46 and 0.38. The kurtosis correlation coefficients with these parameters were small (0.09 and 0.07), but with the confidence level 99.8% – significant. For swell, the correlation coefficients were 1.5 – 2.0 times lower. Conclusions. The statistical moments of the sea surface elevations of the third and higher orders are the indicators of the wave field nonlinearity, which should be taken into account when solving a wide range of the applied and fundamental problems. The deviations of the surface elevation distributions from the Gaussian one are not described unambiguously by the steepness and wave age. At the fixed values of these parameters, a large scatter in the skewness and kurtosis of the surface elevations is observed. This imposes significant limitations on the possibility of applying the nonlinear wave models based on the wave profile expansion by small parameter (steepness) degrees, in engineering calculations.
{"title":"Skewness and Kurtosis of the Surface Wave in the Coastal Zone of the Black Sea","authors":"A. Zapevalov, A. Garmashov","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2021-4-414-425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2021-4-414-425","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze variability of the statistical moments characterizing deviations of the sea surface elevation distributions from the Gaussian. Methods and Results. Field studies of the sea waves’ characteristics were carried out from the stationary oceanographic platform located in the Black Sea near the Southern coast of Crimea. The data obtained both in summer and winter, were used. The statistical moments were calculated separately for wind waves and swell. The measurements were performed in a wide range of meteorological conditions and wave parameters (wind speed varied from 0 to 26 m/s, wave age – from 0 to 5.2 and steepness – from 0.005 to 0.095). For wind waves, the coefficients of skewness correlation with the waves’ steepness and age were equal to 0.46 and 0.38. The kurtosis correlation coefficients with these parameters were small (0.09 and 0.07), but with the confidence level 99.8% – significant. For swell, the correlation coefficients were 1.5 – 2.0 times lower. Conclusions. The statistical moments of the sea surface elevations of the third and higher orders are the indicators of the wave field nonlinearity, which should be taken into account when solving a wide range of the applied and fundamental problems. The deviations of the surface elevation distributions from the Gaussian one are not described unambiguously by the steepness and wave age. At the fixed values of these parameters, a large scatter in the skewness and kurtosis of the surface elevations is observed. This imposes significant limitations on the possibility of applying the nonlinear wave models based on the wave profile expansion by small parameter (steepness) degrees, in engineering calculations.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48415391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22449/0233-7584-2021-3-305-317
E. O. Spiridonova, B. Panov
Purpose. The work is aimed at continuing the started in the previous papers investigations of structure of the Azov Sea salinity field based on the oceanographic survey data collected since 2000. Interest in studying this parameter is conditioned by its anomalous increase after 2006. Methods and Results. The data of 49 seasonal oceanographic surveys carried out in the Sea of Azov by the Azov-Black Sea Branch of "VNIRO" ("AzNIIRKH") from 2001 to 2016 permitted to calculate the following: the radii in the concentration region of the field spatial correlation function in the meridional and zonal directions for the surface and bottom layers (the characteristic of the field homogeneity); the ratio between these radii; the sea-average values of salinity field for the surface and bottom layers. The time graphical and the paired correlation analyses of the calculated indicators’ series were done. The average values of the meridional and zonal radii of the concentration region of the spatial correlation function (42.5 and 47.1 km) testify presence of two relatively isolated zones in the sea related to the water circulation. These zones are formed under the conditions of the eastern winds dominating in the region. The average values of the above-mentioned radii in the near-bottom sea layer were approximately equal, whereas in the surface layer, the average zonal radii exceeded the meridional ones. In spring and summer, the meridional radius in the bottom layer surpassed the zonal one. Long-term variability shows that in the surface layer, the meridional radius values tend to increase, and in the bottom layer, the zonal radius ones – to decrease. These trends demonstrate a change in the nature of water exchange in the sea, namely from predominance of the zonal transport to that of the meridional one. Conclusions. Since 2006, the changes in the structure of the Azov Sea water salinity field (trends towards decrease of the zonal radii and increase of the meridional ones in the concentration region of the field spatial correlation function) resulted from decrease in the river water inflow and increase of water exchange with the Kerch Strait, and were accompanied by growth of average salinity. Water exchange with the Kerch Strait in the bottom layer was the most active in spring and summer. The anticipatory shift of the field structural characteristics by 1 and 2 years relative to its average values makes it possible to forecast them with a two-year advance time.
{"title":"Сhanges of the Structure Indicators and the Salinity Field Average Value in the Sea of Azov","authors":"E. O. Spiridonova, B. Panov","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2021-3-305-317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2021-3-305-317","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The work is aimed at continuing the started in the previous papers investigations of structure of the Azov Sea salinity field based on the oceanographic survey data collected since 2000. Interest in studying this parameter is conditioned by its anomalous increase after 2006. Methods and Results. The data of 49 seasonal oceanographic surveys carried out in the Sea of Azov by the Azov-Black Sea Branch of \"VNIRO\" (\"AzNIIRKH\") from 2001 to 2016 permitted to calculate the following: the radii in the concentration region of the field spatial correlation function in the meridional and zonal directions for the surface and bottom layers (the characteristic of the field homogeneity); the ratio between these radii; the sea-average values of salinity field for the surface and bottom layers. The time graphical and the paired correlation analyses of the calculated indicators’ series were done. The average values of the meridional and zonal radii of the concentration region of the spatial correlation function (42.5 and 47.1 km) testify presence of two relatively isolated zones in the sea related to the water circulation. These zones are formed under the conditions of the eastern winds dominating in the region. The average values of the above-mentioned radii in the near-bottom sea layer were approximately equal, whereas in the surface layer, the average zonal radii exceeded the meridional ones. In spring and summer, the meridional radius in the bottom layer surpassed the zonal one. Long-term variability shows that in the surface layer, the meridional radius values tend to increase, and in the bottom layer, the zonal radius ones – to decrease. These trends demonstrate a change in the nature of water exchange in the sea, namely from predominance of the zonal transport to that of the meridional one. Conclusions. Since 2006, the changes in the structure of the Azov Sea water salinity field (trends towards decrease of the zonal radii and increase of the meridional ones in the concentration region of the field spatial correlation function) resulted from decrease in the river water inflow and increase of water exchange with the Kerch Strait, and were accompanied by growth of average salinity. Water exchange with the Kerch Strait in the bottom layer was the most active in spring and summer. The anticipatory shift of the field structural characteristics by 1 and 2 years relative to its average values makes it possible to forecast them with a two-year advance time.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68625252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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