Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6106
Manal Khalil, Ahmed Rashed
This paper examines how corporate social responsibility affects capital structure. The sample consists of 58 non-financial companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange, with 464 firm-year observations made between 2014 -2021 using the generalized method of moments and ordinary least squares. Data was gathered from reports and financial statements from an Egyptian information dissemination firm. This paper demonstrates that firms with female directors explain the negative impact of the association between corporate social responsibility and capital structure. Female directors and CSR disclosure improve manager oversight and reduce information asymmetry and agency conflicts. Results support agency and gender theories that expect different behavior from women in leadership posts.
{"title":"The Impact of Female Directors on the Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Capital Structure: Evidence From Egypt","authors":"Manal Khalil, Ahmed Rashed","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6106","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how corporate social responsibility affects capital structure. The sample consists of 58 non-financial companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange, with 464 firm-year observations made between 2014 -2021 using the generalized method of moments and ordinary least squares. Data was gathered from reports and financial statements from an Egyptian information dissemination firm. This paper demonstrates that firms with female directors explain the negative impact of the association between corporate social responsibility and capital structure. Female directors and CSR disclosure improve manager oversight and reduce information asymmetry and agency conflicts. Results support agency and gender theories that expect different behavior from women in leadership posts.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72541708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6102
Ramesh Annemalla
Financial inclusion (FI) and financial stability (FS) are the top policy agendas worldwide. The governments of Asian countries emphasized their concerns about macroeconomic instability due to high FI. With limited studies, especially in South Asia, this study examines the relationship between financial inclusion and stability of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) using Generalized Method of Moments by considering eight South Asian countries for the period 2000-2020. Also, the effects of various FI measures on FS indicators. The findings indicate that FS can be attained by increasing the lending to SMEs, decreasing NPLs and also high per capita GDP.
{"title":"Does Financial Inclusion Lead to Financial Stability? Evidence From South Asian Countries – A Case of SMEs","authors":"Ramesh Annemalla","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6102","url":null,"abstract":"Financial inclusion (FI) and financial stability (FS) are the top policy agendas worldwide. The governments of Asian countries emphasized their concerns about macroeconomic instability due to high FI. With limited studies, especially in South Asia, this study examines the relationship between financial inclusion and stability of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) using Generalized Method of Moments by considering eight South Asian countries for the period 2000-2020. Also, the effects of various FI measures on FS indicators. The findings indicate that FS can be attained by increasing the lending to SMEs, decreasing NPLs and also high per capita GDP.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78255080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6101
Liang Fu
This article presents an overview of the capital raising activities among property/real estate technology (i.e. Proptech) firms. This overview highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the Proptech sector in recent years. This article provides a detailed summary and description of how the capital raising activities distribute across different Proptech categories and geographic locations in different market conditions. The authors find that the capital-raising activities in Proptech have cooled down despite the rising real estate prices last year. The authors hope that this review can present a more comprehensive picture of the Proptech development and attract more researchers to investigate the costs and benefits of Proptech to the real estate markets. This research contributes to the understanding of Proptech sector more comprehensively by utilizing a unique hand-collected dataset. The results present a different perspective on the recent trends of Proptech firms as they feature both the promising trends and concerning issues within the field.
{"title":"An Overview of the Capital Raising Activities Among Proptech Firms","authors":"Liang Fu","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6101","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an overview of the capital raising activities among property/real estate technology (i.e. Proptech) firms. This overview highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the Proptech sector in recent years. This article provides a detailed summary and description of how the capital raising activities distribute across different Proptech categories and geographic locations in different market conditions. The authors find that the capital-raising activities in Proptech have cooled down despite the rising real estate prices last year. The authors hope that this review can present a more comprehensive picture of the Proptech development and attract more researchers to investigate the costs and benefits of Proptech to the real estate markets. This research contributes to the understanding of Proptech sector more comprehensively by utilizing a unique hand-collected dataset. The results present a different perspective on the recent trends of Proptech firms as they feature both the promising trends and concerning issues within the field.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87731073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6093
K. Rosacker, R. E. Rosacker, Sean Fingland
This paper utilizes a Monte Carlo approach to simulate intergenerational farm property transfers within the context of four common succession strategies across a series of ordinary income and capital gain tax rates. Ordinary income/expenses accompany these intergenerational transfers in the form of interest income and the potential for depreciation recapture and capital gain income for all sales between the parties where transaction prices exceed basis and financing is utilized. Finally, post-transfer depreciation charges for the successor may accompany the usage of the family farm assets exchanged. The findings highlight the fact that transfers through estates represent the best pure tax outcomes (lowest aggregate tax burden), while sales transactions involve the highest tax burden. The conclusion is that it would be prudent and well-advised for everyone contemplating or engaging in intergenerational family farm transfers to ensure that tax considerations represent a focus for evaluating, determining, and selecting the best timing and course of action.
{"title":"A Monte Carlo Simulation of the Tax Burdens and Impacts Associated With Common Intergenerational Family Farm Transfer Strategies","authors":"K. Rosacker, R. E. Rosacker, Sean Fingland","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6093","url":null,"abstract":"This paper utilizes a Monte Carlo approach to simulate intergenerational farm property transfers within the context of four common succession strategies across a series of ordinary income and capital gain tax rates. Ordinary income/expenses accompany these intergenerational transfers in the form of interest income and the potential for depreciation recapture and capital gain income for all sales between the parties where transaction prices exceed basis and financing is utilized. Finally, post-transfer depreciation charges for the successor may accompany the usage of the family farm assets exchanged. The findings highlight the fact that transfers through estates represent the best pure tax outcomes (lowest aggregate tax burden), while sales transactions involve the highest tax burden. The conclusion is that it would be prudent and well-advised for everyone contemplating or engaging in intergenerational family farm transfers to ensure that tax considerations represent a focus for evaluating, determining, and selecting the best timing and course of action.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89884235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6107
Jeeten Giri
The world economy has experienced a considerable shift in structure from the late 1980s, with the service sector contributing approximately 62 percent to the overall economic output and 50 percent of the total employment share from 1991 to 2010. Given the importance of the service sector, we study the inter-relationship between female education attainment, female employment in the service sector, and the per capita value-added growth of the service sector. Our analysis uses data from 146 countries from 1991 – 2015. Using fixed effects panel estimations, we conclude that globally, an increase in female education significantly primary education attainment increases the growth of the service sector. In contrast, an increase in female employment in the service industry relative to male employment leads to decreased service sector growth. We suggest that the negative effects of female employment on growth are based primarily on discriminatory factors women face in the workplace. Our results are robust across all specifications and hold after correcting for possible endogeneity.
{"title":"The Impact of Female Education and Employment on Service Sector Value Added Growth: Evidence From Panel Data","authors":"Jeeten Giri","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6107","url":null,"abstract":"The world economy has experienced a considerable shift in structure from the late 1980s, with the service sector contributing approximately 62 percent to the overall economic output and 50 percent of the total employment share from 1991 to 2010. Given the importance of the service sector, we study the inter-relationship between female education attainment, female employment in the service sector, and the per capita value-added growth of the service sector. Our analysis uses data from 146 countries from 1991 – 2015. Using fixed effects panel estimations, we conclude that globally, an increase in female education significantly primary education attainment increases the growth of the service sector. In contrast, an increase in female employment in the service industry relative to male employment leads to decreased service sector growth. We suggest that the negative effects of female employment on growth are based primarily on discriminatory factors women face in the workplace. Our results are robust across all specifications and hold after correcting for possible endogeneity.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79851304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6108
Sina Patel, Jonestown Bank, Trust Company, Karina Kasztelnik
This qualitative descriptive case study aimed to identify predicate offense typologies that U.S. banking and financial services company compliance managers use to reduce the risks of money laundering and sustainable financing activities. The target population consisted of 15 research participants. The data were collected using semi structured interviews, semi structured observations, and document reviews from business and finance academic journals. The data were analyzed using a coding approach, thematic analysis, and content analysis. The quintessence of this study was influenced by the participants’ lived experiences and expertise. The study’s findings uncovered predicate offense typologies related to financial risks that are increasing the risks of money laundering and sustainable financing activities. The study results indicate the benefits of modifying money laundering and sustainable financing risk mitigation approaches and developing new mitigating controls. Additionally, the study findings increase insight for compliance managers to implement strategic changes that will stimulate long-term sustainable growth and economic value. Compliance managers may understand new risks and modify operational measures to mitigate financial risk risks.
{"title":"Modern Offense Typologies to Reduce the Risk of Money Laundering and Increase Financial Stability and Sustainability in the United States Banking System","authors":"Sina Patel, Jonestown Bank, Trust Company, Karina Kasztelnik","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6108","url":null,"abstract":"This qualitative descriptive case study aimed to identify predicate offense typologies that U.S. banking and financial services company compliance managers use to reduce the risks of money laundering and sustainable financing activities. The target population consisted of 15 research participants. The data were collected using semi structured interviews, semi structured observations, and document reviews from business and finance academic journals. The data were analyzed using a coding approach, thematic analysis, and content analysis. The quintessence of this study was influenced by the participants’ lived experiences and expertise. The study’s findings uncovered predicate offense typologies related to financial risks that are increasing the risks of money laundering and sustainable financing activities. The study results indicate the benefits of modifying money laundering and sustainable financing risk mitigation approaches and developing new mitigating controls. Additionally, the study findings increase insight for compliance managers to implement strategic changes that will stimulate long-term sustainable growth and economic value. Compliance managers may understand new risks and modify operational measures to mitigate financial risk risks.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74428230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6098
Kurt Stanberry
This is a policy paper discussing online equity crowdfunding for small business entrepreneurs, and analyzes the low success rate of this relatively new financing technique. Created by the JOBS Act, the online equity crowdfunding program was designed to improve access to capital markets for small businesses, and first became available in 2016. The five year success rate is rather limited. Data collected by the SEC on online equity crowdfunding for small business owners shows disappointing rates of utilization. In essence, the concept has not delivered on the promise of increasing capital access for small business owners.
{"title":"Entrepreneurs Are Not Utilizing Online Equity Crowdfunding","authors":"Kurt Stanberry","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6098","url":null,"abstract":"This is a policy paper discussing online equity crowdfunding for small business entrepreneurs, and analyzes the low success rate of this relatively new financing technique. Created by the JOBS Act, the online equity crowdfunding program was designed to improve access to capital markets for small businesses, and first became available in 2016. The five year success rate is rather limited. Data collected by the SEC on online equity crowdfunding for small business owners shows disappointing rates of utilization. In essence, the concept has not delivered on the promise of increasing capital access for small business owners.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85360285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6096
Hamza Sabah
Despite being illegal in Morocco, bitcoin has gained great popularity in Morocco. However, in recent months, the Moroccan monetary authorities have set up two commissions to deal with crypto assets. The purpose of these commissions was to monitor international financial trends (in particular crypto assets). The current work will put forward a prospective study on the determinants that forms the price of bitcoin in Morocco, provided that the Moroccan monetary authorities would decide the legalization of the use of crypto assets. In an ARDL approach, an econometric model is applied to variables that reflect, not only all the factors related to the traditional currency, but also to variables that reflect specific factors to bitcoin over an eight-years period. This prospective study has highlighted that the frequency of bitcoin search on Google Trend, the number of bitcoins in circulation and the exchange rate between the Dollar and the Moroccan Dirham represent the main indicators that explain the formation of the price of bitcoin in the national territory.
{"title":"Prospective Empirical Study on the Determinants of Bitcoin Price Formation (Case Study on Morocco)","authors":"Hamza Sabah","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6096","url":null,"abstract":"Despite being illegal in Morocco, bitcoin has gained great popularity in Morocco. However, in recent months, the Moroccan monetary authorities have set up two commissions to deal with crypto assets. The purpose of these commissions was to monitor international financial trends (in particular crypto assets). The current work will put forward a prospective study on the determinants that forms the price of bitcoin in Morocco, provided that the Moroccan monetary authorities would decide the legalization of the use of crypto assets. In an ARDL approach, an econometric model is applied to variables that reflect, not only all the factors related to the traditional currency, but also to variables that reflect specific factors to bitcoin over an eight-years period. This prospective study has highlighted that the frequency of bitcoin search on Google Trend, the number of bitcoins in circulation and the exchange rate between the Dollar and the Moroccan Dirham represent the main indicators that explain the formation of the price of bitcoin in the national territory.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77827501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6097
Narges Kasiri
Studies on sustainability strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have primarily been done on European firms and less on those in Asia and Latin America. Fewer research is done on US SMEs to show the factors that have motivated or hindered their embracing sustainability. We bridged this gap by surveying over 600 New York SMEs. Results indicated that owners’/managers’ values, awareness, and sustainability education emerged as the key factors influencing their adoption of sustainability. Government regulations or financial incentives to coerce or encourage sustainability played a lesser role. Significant barriers were the cost of implementation and the firm’s limited resources.
{"title":"Embracing Sustainability: A Survey of US Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises","authors":"Narges Kasiri","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6097","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on sustainability strategies of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have primarily been done on European firms and less on those in Asia and Latin America. Fewer research is done on US SMEs to show the factors that have motivated or hindered their embracing sustainability. We bridged this gap by surveying over 600 New York SMEs. Results indicated that owners’/managers’ values, awareness, and sustainability education emerged as the key factors influencing their adoption of sustainability. Government regulations or financial incentives to coerce or encourage sustainability played a lesser role. Significant barriers were the cost of implementation and the firm’s limited resources.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88126579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-05DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6095
A. Bandyopadhayay, Reshmi Mitra
Contact tracing is an effective, data driven infectious disease control strategy that involves identifying cases of active virus carriers and their contacts in restricting further disease transmission. Despite the effectiveness of this strategy, there are serious concerns regarding the privacy and security of data that are collected in this process as individuals give up control over those data. This study aims to provide some building blocks for developing a secured blockchain-based mobile application for contract tracing to strengthen the infectious disease mitigation approach. It also attempts to understand the contrasting perspective of different stakeholders involved in the data collection process through stakeholder survey and their willingness to share/store identity and health-related data in a blockchain-based app. Finally, we suggest a framework in developing an app to automate contract tracing in a private, secure, maintainable environment. This study helps create a strategic roadmap for developing a secured contact tracing platform to mitigate highly communicable diseases.
{"title":"Blockchain Based Real-Time Contact Tracing – A Secure Way to Mitigate Highly Infectious Diseases","authors":"A. Bandyopadhayay, Reshmi Mitra","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i2.6095","url":null,"abstract":"Contact tracing is an effective, data driven infectious disease control strategy that involves identifying cases of active virus carriers and their contacts in restricting further disease transmission. Despite the effectiveness of this strategy, there are serious concerns regarding the privacy and security of data that are collected in this process as individuals give up control over those data. This study aims to provide some building blocks for developing a secured blockchain-based mobile application for contract tracing to strengthen the infectious disease mitigation approach. It also attempts to understand the contrasting perspective of different stakeholders involved in the data collection process through stakeholder survey and their willingness to share/store identity and health-related data in a blockchain-based app. Finally, we suggest a framework in developing an app to automate contract tracing in a private, secure, maintainable environment. This study helps create a strategic roadmap for developing a secured contact tracing platform to mitigate highly communicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80477753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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