Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6365
James Ntiamoah Doku, Sampson B. Narteh-yoe, P. Dadzie, G. A. Nabieu, L. Boadi
This study analysed the consequences of COVID-19 on Ghanaian financial markets and further profiled and assessed the effectiveness of government policy interventions to contain its incidence. Using a qualitative documentary analytic approach combined with available time series data from financial market regulators between 2015 and 2021, empirical evidence shows that key profitability (ROA and ROE) measures of banks, gross insurance premium and capital market indicators were negatively affected. The containment and stringency of government policies in the wake of the pandemic do not match in equal potency with the rise in occurrences. Policy recommendations were provided.
{"title":"The Consequences of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Ghanaian Financial Markets and the Effectiveness of Government Policy Responses","authors":"James Ntiamoah Doku, Sampson B. Narteh-yoe, P. Dadzie, G. A. Nabieu, L. Boadi","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6365","url":null,"abstract":"This study analysed the consequences of COVID-19 on Ghanaian financial markets and further profiled and assessed the effectiveness of government policy interventions to contain its incidence. Using a qualitative documentary analytic approach combined with available time series data from financial market regulators between 2015 and 2021, empirical evidence shows that key profitability (ROA and ROE) measures of banks, gross insurance premium and capital market indicators were negatively affected. The containment and stringency of government policies in the wake of the pandemic do not match in equal potency with the rise in occurrences. Policy recommendations were provided.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"55 61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80733191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6366
Sushma Shukla
This research paper will explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on India’s foreign trade. The study will analyze the impact of the pandemic on the trade in goods and services in India. The study will also explore the policy implications of the pandemic on India’s trade. Data from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Reserve Bank of India, World Bank, and other sources will be used to measure the impact of the pandemic on India’s foreign trade. The study will also analyze the impact of the pandemic on India’s export and import partners. The paper will provide an overview of the current trends in India’s foreign trade and discuss the potential policy options to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. The study will also assess the potential effects of the pandemic on India’s economic growth and development. Finally, the paper will conclude by providing policy recommendations to ensure sustained economic growth in India.
{"title":"Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on India’s Foreign Trade","authors":"Sushma Shukla","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6366","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper will explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on India’s foreign trade. The study will analyze the impact of the pandemic on the trade in goods and services in India. The study will also explore the policy implications of the pandemic on India’s trade. Data from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Reserve Bank of India, World Bank, and other sources will be used to measure the impact of the pandemic on India’s foreign trade. The study will also analyze the impact of the pandemic on India’s export and import partners. The paper will provide an overview of the current trends in India’s foreign trade and discuss the potential policy options to mitigate the impact of the pandemic. The study will also assess the potential effects of the pandemic on India’s economic growth and development. Finally, the paper will conclude by providing policy recommendations to ensure sustained economic growth in India.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85485052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6363
Dan Zhou
Standard and Poor’s Depositary Receipts (SPDRs) are traded like a stock to track the performance of S&P 500 index, and there exists contemporaneous trading of S&P 500 index futures to track the same index portfolio. The basis reveals the instantaneous price difference of the S&P 500 index portfolio observed in index futures and SPDRs. This study finds that the basis conveys more information than trades for the intra-day quote price revisions in the SPDRs, and our findings are consistent with a price revision process that the basis transmits innovative information from futures prices and induces permanent price changes in the SPDRs.
{"title":"Trades, Basis, and Price Revisions in the S&P Depositary Receipts","authors":"Dan Zhou","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6363","url":null,"abstract":"Standard and Poor’s Depositary Receipts (SPDRs) are traded like a stock to track the performance of S&P 500 index, and there exists contemporaneous trading of S&P 500 index futures to track the same index portfolio. The basis reveals the instantaneous price difference of the S&P 500 index portfolio observed in index futures and SPDRs. This study finds that the basis conveys more information than trades for the intra-day quote price revisions in the SPDRs, and our findings are consistent with a price revision process that the basis transmits innovative information from futures prices and induces permanent price changes in the SPDRs.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73745151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6364
Qiang Fei, Reginald L. Bell, Daniel Kennebrew, Susan Minton
The impact of a person’s given name on their life and career success is often questioned. There is limited evidence linking names to long-term economic well-being, such as salaries. To address this gap, this study examined a salary dataset for Missouri State employees, investigating whether the origin of a given name influenced salaries. The study also explored how the interaction between name origins and gender affected salaries. The findings supported the association between names, particularly their origins, and an individual’s economic well-being. Additionally, the study revealed that name origins interacted with gender to impact inequity.
{"title":"The Career Benefit of Having a “Good” Name","authors":"Qiang Fei, Reginald L. Bell, Daniel Kennebrew, Susan Minton","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6364","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of a person’s given name on their life and career success is often questioned. There is limited evidence linking names to long-term economic well-being, such as salaries. To address this gap, this study examined a salary dataset for Missouri State employees, investigating whether the origin of a given name influenced salaries. The study also explored how the interaction between name origins and gender affected salaries. The findings supported the association between names, particularly their origins, and an individual’s economic well-being. Additionally, the study revealed that name origins interacted with gender to impact inequity.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77160401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6347
Charles Chekwa, C. Ezirim, Samuel Adeyinka, Chinonye Onwuchekwa
This study seeks to underscore the extent to which macroeconomic vectors cause foreign direct investment inflows using cointegration, vector error correction, impulse response functions, and variance decomposition techniques against annual Nigerian data from 1986 through 2020. It also attempts to unravel how FDI inflows respond to macroeconomic shocks. The results indicate that, in the long-run, interest rate, inflation, exchange rate, level of economic activity and growth, and degree of trade openness of the economy significantly cause FDI inflows to Nigeria. Whereas the direction of causation is positive for inflation, exchange rate and trade openness of the economy, it was negative for level of economic activity and interest rate. FDI inflows responded to shocks in the above independent variables in different directions, some positively for a designated time, while some negatively at other periods. Generally, shocks in the independent variables jointly affected the shocks in FDI from the second through the tenth periods of innovations. Policy implications favor government action to lower interest rate, maintain mild inflation and moderate devaluation of the Naira against the currencies of trading partners, among others.
{"title":"Macroeconomic Drivers of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows to Nigeria: Analysis of Shocks and Long-Run Causation","authors":"Charles Chekwa, C. Ezirim, Samuel Adeyinka, Chinonye Onwuchekwa","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6347","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to underscore the extent to which macroeconomic vectors cause foreign direct investment inflows using cointegration, vector error correction, impulse response functions, and variance decomposition techniques against annual Nigerian data from 1986 through 2020. It also attempts to unravel how FDI inflows respond to macroeconomic shocks. The results indicate that, in the long-run, interest rate, inflation, exchange rate, level of economic activity and growth, and degree of trade openness of the economy significantly cause FDI inflows to Nigeria. Whereas the direction of causation is positive for inflation, exchange rate and trade openness of the economy, it was negative for level of economic activity and interest rate. FDI inflows responded to shocks in the above independent variables in different directions, some positively for a designated time, while some negatively at other periods. Generally, shocks in the independent variables jointly affected the shocks in FDI from the second through the tenth periods of innovations. Policy implications favor government action to lower interest rate, maintain mild inflation and moderate devaluation of the Naira against the currencies of trading partners, among others.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87429267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6337
Thomas Snyder, Zachary Burt, Caleb Vines
This study explores the legal barriers created by state governments for justice-impacted individuals. The more work barriers the state creates for someone with a criminal record, the more attractive illegal activities become. We examine differences across states in the data set provided by the National Inventory of Collateral Consequences of Conviction. We compare incarceration rates, unemployment rates, and labor force participation rates to the number of rules that affect someone with a criminal background. Our results predict that states with more collateral consequences will have higher per-capita imprisonment, higher unemployment, and lower labor force participation rates.
{"title":"Do Work Barriers for Justice-Impacted Individuals Incentivize Criminal Behavior?","authors":"Thomas Snyder, Zachary Burt, Caleb Vines","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6337","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the legal barriers created by state governments for justice-impacted individuals. The more work barriers the state creates for someone with a criminal record, the more attractive illegal activities become. We examine differences across states in the data set provided by the National Inventory of Collateral Consequences of Conviction. We compare incarceration rates, unemployment rates, and labor force participation rates to the number of rules that affect someone with a criminal background. Our results predict that states with more collateral consequences will have higher per-capita imprisonment, higher unemployment, and lower labor force participation rates.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87578907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6350
Amy Cooper, Kevin Berry, Stacy Boyer‐Davis
This study examines the relationship between firm size and an employee’s level of job embeddedness. A quantitative survey design was used to gather evidence from full-time accounting professionals working in public accounting firms across the United States. With a sample size of 136 full-time employees, results suggest that there is a positive relationship between firm size and job embeddedness. Two different measures of firm size were analyzed in the study. First, the number of full-time employees in the office was regressed on job embeddedness. Results indicated that the relationship was positive and significant. Second, the number of offices was used to measure firm size. The mean difference was calculated for job embeddedness and each of its six dimensions for firms with only one office, and those means were compared to the means of firms with two or more offices. Results indicated a positive relationship between job embeddedness and firm size; however, only the difference of means for the community fit dimension of job embeddedness was significant.
{"title":"A Post-Pandemic Analysis of the Relationship Between Firm Size and Job Embeddedness in Public Accounting Firms","authors":"Amy Cooper, Kevin Berry, Stacy Boyer‐Davis","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6350","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between firm size and an employee’s level of job embeddedness. A quantitative survey design was used to gather evidence from full-time accounting professionals working in public accounting firms across the United States. With a sample size of 136 full-time employees, results suggest that there is a positive relationship between firm size and job embeddedness. Two different measures of firm size were analyzed in the study. First, the number of full-time employees in the office was regressed on job embeddedness. Results indicated that the relationship was positive and significant. Second, the number of offices was used to measure firm size. The mean difference was calculated for job embeddedness and each of its six dimensions for firms with only one office, and those means were compared to the means of firms with two or more offices. Results indicated a positive relationship between job embeddedness and firm size; however, only the difference of means for the community fit dimension of job embeddedness was significant.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89025137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6339
J. Cater III, Marilyn Young, Lei Hua
We examined factors contributing to developing entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and the relationship between EI and the entrepreneurial mindset (EM) among nascent student entrepreneurs. Further, we seek to increase awareness among business practitioners of the value of nascent entrepreneurs to the economy. Utilizing the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior, we investigated personal and contextual factors related to EI. We surveyed 400 US business college students, comparing those with EI (n=228) and those without EI (n=178). Our findings indicated that compared to respondents who did not have EI, respondents who possessed EI reported several significant personal factors. Specifically, they were more likely to view themselves as entrepreneurs, have family members who owned their own businesses, lead group projects as students, and have previously worked in a startup business. Additionally, the contextual factor of the Covid-19 pandemic positively affected business students who possessed EI.
{"title":"Examining the Entrepreneurial Mindset and Entrepreneurial Intentions","authors":"J. Cater III, Marilyn Young, Lei Hua","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6339","url":null,"abstract":"We examined factors contributing to developing entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and the relationship between EI and the entrepreneurial mindset (EM) among nascent student entrepreneurs. Further, we seek to increase awareness among business practitioners of the value of nascent entrepreneurs to the economy. Utilizing the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior, we investigated personal and contextual factors related to EI. We surveyed 400 US business college students, comparing those with EI (n=228) and those without EI (n=178). Our findings indicated that compared to respondents who did not have EI, respondents who possessed EI reported several significant personal factors. Specifically, they were more likely to view themselves as entrepreneurs, have family members who owned their own businesses, lead group projects as students, and have previously worked in a startup business. Additionally, the contextual factor of the Covid-19 pandemic positively affected business students who possessed EI.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78244718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6346
Swarna D. Dutt, Dipak Ghosh
Identifying and dating financial bubbles in real time is in the forefront of current empirical research. Their accuracy provides real time useful “warning alerts” to central bankers and fiscal regulators. The complexity of their nonlinear structure and the inherent sudden break mechanisms makes the econometric testing challenging. The new recursive flexible window methodology provided by Phillips, Shi, and Yu (2015) gives consistent results and delivers significant power gains when multiple bubbles occur. It successfully identifies well-known historical episodes of exuberance and collapse. In this paper we look at the Indian stock market indices, the SENSEX, and the NIFTY 50, to see if there is any evidence of a bubble there. We use monthly data for each series, with the Sensex data spanning April 1979 to October 2018 and NIFTY 50 data spanning July 1990 to October 2018. The existence of bubbles in this index will give us some indication of where bubbles are more likely to occur, and therefore provide evidence of potential economic (financial) crises.
{"title":"An Application of the “Recursive Flexible Window” Methodology to Test for Financial Bubbles in a Major Stock Market","authors":"Swarna D. Dutt, Dipak Ghosh","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6346","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying and dating financial bubbles in real time is in the forefront of current empirical research. Their accuracy provides real time useful “warning alerts” to central bankers and fiscal regulators. The complexity of their nonlinear structure and the inherent sudden break mechanisms makes the econometric testing challenging. The new recursive flexible window methodology provided by Phillips, Shi, and Yu (2015) gives consistent results and delivers significant power gains when multiple bubbles occur. It successfully identifies well-known historical episodes of exuberance and collapse. In this paper we look at the Indian stock market indices, the SENSEX, and the NIFTY 50, to see if there is any evidence of a bubble there. We use monthly data for each series, with the Sensex data spanning April 1979 to October 2018 and NIFTY 50 data spanning July 1990 to October 2018. The existence of bubbles in this index will give us some indication of where bubbles are more likely to occur, and therefore provide evidence of potential economic (financial) crises.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86431035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6345
Tyler Hull, Karthik Krishnan, Jean Rhodes
We study whether student debt impacts individuals’ ability to adequately prepare for the labor market. Using no-loans financial aid policies as an exogenous shock to student loans, we find that student loans negatively impact students’ ability to have an internship that is related to the students chosen major. Internships are also shown to be positively associated with the likelihood of finding a job, the likelihood of finding employment in a related field of study, and job satisfaction. Student debt similarly dampens the positive effects of mentoring, professor support, and the school’s effort to prepare students for the labor market.
{"title":"Student Loans, Employment Readiness, and Labor Market Outcomes","authors":"Tyler Hull, Karthik Krishnan, Jean Rhodes","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33423/jabe.v25i4.6345","url":null,"abstract":"We study whether student debt impacts individuals’ ability to adequately prepare for the labor market. Using no-loans financial aid policies as an exogenous shock to student loans, we find that student loans negatively impact students’ ability to have an internship that is related to the students chosen major. Internships are also shown to be positively associated with the likelihood of finding a job, the likelihood of finding employment in a related field of study, and job satisfaction. Student debt similarly dampens the positive effects of mentoring, professor support, and the school’s effort to prepare students for the labor market.","PeriodicalId":43552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Economics and Business Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81579052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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