Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935353
Peter Whiteford
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>From Fingal's Cave to Camelot</em> by Douglas Gray <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Peter Whiteford </li> </ul> Gray, Douglas, <em>From Fingal's Cave to Camelot</em>, edited by Jane Bliss, Oxford, Independent Publishing Network, 2020; paperback; pp. 252; R.R.P. £22.00; ISBN 9781838537838. <p>Douglas Gray, the author of <em>From Fingal's Cave to Camelot</em>, died in 2017. A brief death notice on the website of the Faculty of English, University of Oxford, rightly described him as 'a giant of his field' who continued to publish 'deep into <strong>[End Page 318]</strong> retirement'—and as this recent book indicates, Gray has continued to 'publish' not only in retirement but posthumously as well. One other affectionate remark from the death notice is worth quoting here too: 'Douglas had not only read everything but had seemingly remembered everything he had read'. Those familiar with his rooms in Norham Gardens, Oxford, might also reflect that he seemingly remembered where he had put everything, however much the state of the rooms suggested otherwise! I quote that second remark because it seems appropriate to the book under review, which is the product not just of a giant of a scholar but of someone who gives every appearance of having read and remembered everything. Equally, one suspects that the vast array of learning on display here is not the product of a search engine (how Google doth make scholars of us all) but of a lifetime's generous reading, a capacious memory, and an indefatigable interest in his subject. And how typical of Douglas (and typically Chaucerian) to describe himself in the Prologue as 'a simple practitioner of the history of medieval English literature' (p. 3).</p> <p>This work is anything but the product of a 'simple practitioner', as is immediately apparent. Ambitious in scope—in the best sense of that word—it is a wide-ranging and vastly learned exploration of its subject. The editor's preface speaks of intervening as little as possible in the extant text 'so as not to destroy the flow of Gray's argument' (p. ix), but in truth (and the quibble is only a minor one) this book does not really present an argument, and in some respects is the more attractive for not doing so.</p> <p>What it does do is set out for us in a section appropriately headed 'The Quest'. At first glance, Gray seems to make a modest claim, offering a 'selective and simple' account of 'the strange afterlife of medieval literature': a small contribution to a larger investigation (p. 3). Two images recur throughout this section—of story and of the journey—and it is those ideas, rather than an argument as such, that sit behind the book and its largely chronological narrative of the 'rediscovery' of medieval literature by succeeding generations of readers, writers, scholars, and critics—the servants, as Gray no
{"title":"From Fingal's Cave to Camelot by Douglas Gray (review)","authors":"Peter Whiteford","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935353","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>From Fingal's Cave to Camelot</em> by Douglas Gray <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Peter Whiteford </li> </ul> Gray, Douglas, <em>From Fingal's Cave to Camelot</em>, edited by Jane Bliss, Oxford, Independent Publishing Network, 2020; paperback; pp. 252; R.R.P. £22.00; ISBN 9781838537838. <p>Douglas Gray, the author of <em>From Fingal's Cave to Camelot</em>, died in 2017. A brief death notice on the website of the Faculty of English, University of Oxford, rightly described him as 'a giant of his field' who continued to publish 'deep into <strong>[End Page 318]</strong> retirement'—and as this recent book indicates, Gray has continued to 'publish' not only in retirement but posthumously as well. One other affectionate remark from the death notice is worth quoting here too: 'Douglas had not only read everything but had seemingly remembered everything he had read'. Those familiar with his rooms in Norham Gardens, Oxford, might also reflect that he seemingly remembered where he had put everything, however much the state of the rooms suggested otherwise! I quote that second remark because it seems appropriate to the book under review, which is the product not just of a giant of a scholar but of someone who gives every appearance of having read and remembered everything. Equally, one suspects that the vast array of learning on display here is not the product of a search engine (how Google doth make scholars of us all) but of a lifetime's generous reading, a capacious memory, and an indefatigable interest in his subject. And how typical of Douglas (and typically Chaucerian) to describe himself in the Prologue as 'a simple practitioner of the history of medieval English literature' (p. 3).</p> <p>This work is anything but the product of a 'simple practitioner', as is immediately apparent. Ambitious in scope—in the best sense of that word—it is a wide-ranging and vastly learned exploration of its subject. The editor's preface speaks of intervening as little as possible in the extant text 'so as not to destroy the flow of Gray's argument' (p. ix), but in truth (and the quibble is only a minor one) this book does not really present an argument, and in some respects is the more attractive for not doing so.</p> <p>What it does do is set out for us in a section appropriately headed 'The Quest'. At first glance, Gray seems to make a modest claim, offering a 'selective and simple' account of 'the strange afterlife of medieval literature': a small contribution to a larger investigation (p. 3). Two images recur throughout this section—of story and of the journey—and it is those ideas, rather than an argument as such, that sit behind the book and its largely chronological narrative of the 'rediscovery' of medieval literature by succeeding generations of readers, writers, scholars, and critics—the servants, as Gray no","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935361
Roderick McDonald
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Loanwords and Native Words in Old and Middle Icelandic: A Study in the History and Dynamics of the Icelandic Medieval Lexicon from the Twelfth Century to 1550</em> by Matteo Tarsi <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Roderick McDonald </li> </ul> Tarsi, Matteo, <em>Loanwords and Native Words in Old and Middle Icelandic: A Study in the History and Dynamics of the Icelandic Medieval Lexicon from the Twelfth Century to 1550</em> ( Studies in Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, 4), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. 332, 1 b/w, 5 colour illustrations, 36 b/w tables; R.R.P. €85.00; ISBN 9782503598154. <p>Matteo Tarsi delivers a thorough and well-wrought linguistic examination of word pairs in Old and Middle Icelandic: word pairs that are comprised of a native Icelandic term and a foreign-derived loanword, where both words have closely related semantics, and where they both appear in close company within the same manuscript. The explicit purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding of the dynamics of the interplay between loanwords and native words in premodern Icelandic, and the part these word pairs play in expanding linguistic creativity in a period before the modern hegemony of linguistic purism, which can be tied to the work of Bishop Guðbrandur Þórlaksson and his publication of the first Icelandic Bible in the late sixteenth century. Tarsi is interested in finding out why the linguistic evidence reveals such multiple terms for the same or similar objects. He analyses word pairs found across a representative selection of manuscripts dating from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries and across ten different generic typologies: religious texts, law texts, treatises, historiography, hagiography, and five different categories of saga (<em>Íslendingasögur</em>, kings' sagas, translated and indigenous chivalric sagas, and legendary sagas). Each of these different text types is dealt with in a separate chapter, except for the last three of the five saga categories, analyses of which are incorporated into one chapter, due to their typological affinity. The analyses are thorough and detailed. Representative manuscripts are selected under each text type category, where possible over a temporal range from the twelfth through to the sixteenth centuries, although in some categories this range is limited. For example, available manuscripts for religious texts range from the early twelfth to the sixteenth, whereas manuscripts for the chivalric and legendary sagas range from the thirteenth to the fifteenth, while the three selected historiographical texts are restricted to the twelfth and thirteenth. The six sagas examined in the chapter devoted to <em>Íslendingasögur</em> date from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and yet these are nevertheless categorised as early (first half of the thirteenth cent
{"title":"Loanwords and Native Words in Old and Middle Icelandic: A Study in the History and Dynamics of the Icelandic Medieval Lexicon from the Twelfth Century to 1550 by Matteo Tarsi (review)","authors":"Roderick McDonald","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935361","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Loanwords and Native Words in Old and Middle Icelandic: A Study in the History and Dynamics of the Icelandic Medieval Lexicon from the Twelfth Century to 1550</em> by Matteo Tarsi <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Roderick McDonald </li> </ul> Tarsi, Matteo, <em>Loanwords and Native Words in Old and Middle Icelandic: A Study in the History and Dynamics of the Icelandic Medieval Lexicon from the Twelfth Century to 1550</em> ( Studies in Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, 4), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. 332, 1 b/w, 5 colour illustrations, 36 b/w tables; R.R.P. €85.00; ISBN 9782503598154. <p>Matteo Tarsi delivers a thorough and well-wrought linguistic examination of word pairs in Old and Middle Icelandic: word pairs that are comprised of a native Icelandic term and a foreign-derived loanword, where both words have closely related semantics, and where they both appear in close company within the same manuscript. The explicit purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding of the dynamics of the interplay between loanwords and native words in premodern Icelandic, and the part these word pairs play in expanding linguistic creativity in a period before the modern hegemony of linguistic purism, which can be tied to the work of Bishop Guðbrandur Þórlaksson and his publication of the first Icelandic Bible in the late sixteenth century. Tarsi is interested in finding out why the linguistic evidence reveals such multiple terms for the same or similar objects. He analyses word pairs found across a representative selection of manuscripts dating from the twelfth to the sixteenth centuries and across ten different generic typologies: religious texts, law texts, treatises, historiography, hagiography, and five different categories of saga (<em>Íslendingasögur</em>, kings' sagas, translated and indigenous chivalric sagas, and legendary sagas). Each of these different text types is dealt with in a separate chapter, except for the last three of the five saga categories, analyses of which are incorporated into one chapter, due to their typological affinity. The analyses are thorough and detailed. Representative manuscripts are selected under each text type category, where possible over a temporal range from the twelfth through to the sixteenth centuries, although in some categories this range is limited. For example, available manuscripts for religious texts range from the early twelfth to the sixteenth, whereas manuscripts for the chivalric and legendary sagas range from the thirteenth to the fifteenth, while the three selected historiographical texts are restricted to the twelfth and thirteenth. The six sagas examined in the chapter devoted to <em>Íslendingasögur</em> date from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and yet these are nevertheless categorised as early (first half of the thirteenth cent","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935331
Christopher White
Abstract:
Orderic Vitalis's 'Historia Ecclesiastica' is an important source for scholars of the Norman demesne in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. The 'Historia' is a chronicle of the history of Normandy, but also details social mores and customs. The 'Historia' also contains wonder tales, and one of these is the focus of this article—the narrative of 'Herlechin's Hunt'. This article addresses a key element of the symbolism of the story that has been largely overlooked by modern scholarship. In doing so, it argues that the narrative is as much about illicit sex and the sexual mores of the monks of Saint-Évroul as it is about anger and violence, as it has traditionally been understood.
{"title":"Sexual Sin in Orderic Vitalis's Historia Ecclesiastica: Performative Purgation in the Penitential Parade","authors":"Christopher White","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Orderic Vitalis's 'Historia Ecclesiastica' is an important source for scholars of the Norman demesne in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. The 'Historia' is a chronicle of the history of Normandy, but also details social mores and customs. The 'Historia' also contains wonder tales, and one of these is the focus of this article—the narrative of 'Herlechin's Hunt'. This article addresses a key element of the symbolism of the story that has been largely overlooked by modern scholarship. In doing so, it argues that the narrative is as much about illicit sex and the sexual mores of the monks of Saint-Évroul as it is about anger and violence, as it has traditionally been understood.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935342
Zenón Luis-Martínez
Abstract:
Published in 1616, George Chapman's 'The Divine Poem of Musaeus' continued his programme of translations of the works by those Greek authors regarded in the Renaissance as the origins of Western poetry—Homer, Musaeus, and Hesiod. However, Musaeus's only extant poem, 'The Things Concerning Hero and Leander', is a short erotic epyllion composed towards the end of the fifth century ce. This poem had been the source of Christopher Marlowe's 'Hero and Leander' (1598) and of its continuation by Chapman himself in a second edition that same year. The present article investigates the circumstances of Chapman's return to his earlier subject, as well as his assumption of the outmoded hypothesis of Musaeus's identity as 'First of all Poets'. It also discusses the import of this assumption to his theory of poetry and to his practice as a poet and as a translator.
{"title":"George Chapman's Musaean 'Light': Origin, Primordiality and Priority from The Divine Poem of Musaeus (1616) to Hero and Leander (1598)","authors":"Zenón Luis-Martínez","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract:</p><p>Published in 1616, George Chapman's 'The Divine Poem of Musaeus' continued his programme of translations of the works by those Greek authors regarded in the Renaissance as the origins of Western poetry—Homer, Musaeus, and Hesiod. However, Musaeus's only extant poem, 'The Things Concerning Hero and Leander', is a short erotic epyllion composed towards the end of the fifth century ce. This poem had been the source of Christopher Marlowe's 'Hero and Leander' (1598) and of its continuation by Chapman himself in a second edition that same year. The present article investigates the circumstances of Chapman's return to his earlier subject, as well as his assumption of the outmoded hypothesis of Musaeus's identity as 'First of all Poets'. It also discusses the import of this assumption to his theory of poetry and to his practice as a poet and as a translator.</p></p>","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935345
Georgina Pitt
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature</em> ed. by Mark Atherton, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Georgina Pitt </li> </ul> Atherton, Mark, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan, eds, <em>Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature</em> ( Studies in Old English Literature, 1), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. 442; 17 b/w, 4 colour illustrations; R.R.P. €115.00; ISBN 9782503599571. <p><em>Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature</em> was awarded the 'Best Book' prize at the biennial conference of the International Society for the Study of Early Medieval England (2023). It is the first book in the Brepols series 'Studies in Old English Literature', centred on Old English literature and its contexts. The book stems from an international collaborative research project between scholars associated with the Department of Letters, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, and the Faculty of English, University of Oxford. The central enquiry of that project (and therefore these essays) is how the pre-Conquest English thought and wrote about the world and their place in it, from the time when Old English was establishing itself as an authoritative language through to the eleventh century. There are fifteen contributors.</p> <p>The essays are arranged thematically. The first strand looks outward, exploring the relationships between the pre-Conquest English and other peoples and English ideas about the world, particularly those parts of the world considered faraway and alien. The second strand turns inward, considering how the English conceptualised and situated themselves. The essays in this section use the modern theory of landscape as an inhabited space to analyse their sources, acknowledging the agency of the physical environment to shape and reflect mental states and understandings. The third strand pivots from an analysis of how the pre-Conquest English understood themselves to chart the connection between situatedness and concepts of collective identity, of a unified people. This section traces the deployment of the new communal identity of the English to legitimise expanding claims of overlordship outside traditional English boundaries and fuel aspirations of empire.</p> <p>A wide range of documentary sources is considered: theological texts, maps, Old English prose and poetry, as well as historical sources such as annals and <em>vitae</em>. Those sources deal with diverse topics: travel and culture contact, migration and conversion, and the grounding of identity in the experience of landscape/seascape/soundscape. Given the diversity of both the genres and the subject matters of the material considered, this collection sits on a spectrum between a handbook and a comprehensive 'last-word' analysis. Some essays focus on an indiv
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者 Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature ed. by Mark Atherton, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan Georgina Pitt Atherton, Mark, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan, eds, Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature ( Studies in Old English Literature, 1), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp.中世纪早期英国文学中的世界观》在国际中世纪早期英国研究学会两年一度的会议（2023 年）上荣获 "最佳图书 "奖。该书是 Brepols "古英语文学研究 "丛书中的第一本，以古英语文学及其背景为中心。该书源于东京立教大学文学系和牛津大学英语系相关学者的一个国际合作研究项目。该项目（以及这些文章）的核心问题是，从古英语作为一种权威语言开始一直到 11 世纪，征服前的英国人是如何思考和书写世界以及他们在世界中的位置的。共有 15 位撰稿人。文章按主题排列。第一部分向外看，探讨征服前的英国人与其他民族之间的关系，以及英国人对世界的看法，特别是那些被认为遥远和陌生的世界。第二部分由内而外，探讨英国人如何看待和定位自己。这一部分的文章将现代景观理论作为居住空间来分析其来源，承认物理环境在塑造和反映心理状态和理解方面的作用。第三部分主要分析了征服前的英国人是如何理解自己的，从而勾勒出情景与集体身份概念、统一民族概念之间的联系。这一部分追溯了英国人如何利用新的族群身份，使其在传统英国疆界之外不断扩大的霸权主张合法化，并激发对帝国的渴望。本节探讨了大量文献资料：神学文本、地图、古英语散文和诗歌，以及年鉴和简历等历史资料。这些资料涉及不同的主题：旅行和文化接触、移民和皈依，以及在景观/海景/音景体验中的身份基础。鉴于所选材料的体裁和主题的多样性，本文集介于手册和全面的 "定论 "分析之间。有些文章侧重于个别文本，并使用了语言细读法：Eleni Ponirakis 撰写的 "静止之所：Eleni Ponirakis 的论文 "The Place Stillness: Greek Patristic Thought in Cynewulf's Juliana "就是这种方法的一个例子：对 Cynewulf 对其 [尾页 303]原文的改动进行了细致的分析。其他人则以文本为起点--Hannah Bailey 的《边境地区的圣拉姆沃尔德》通过当代文化和社会地理的证据，解读了十一世纪令人费解的传记，揭示了关于国王和王国的叙事。Karasawa Kazutomo 通过对地图绘制习惯的分析，解释了Ælfric 的《颂歌》中一段令人困惑的文字，这段文字描述了基督在十字架上的姿势，展示了英国人关于三方世界的观念（"基督拥抱世界：Ælfric 的描述"）：埃尔弗里克在《De Passione Domini》中对耶稣受难的描述》）。Francis Leneghan 的论文 "帝国的终结？阅读 MS Cotton Tiberius B I 中的爱德华之死 "一文，从保存这首诗的手抄本中明显不同的散文和诗歌文本的角度，分析了一首经常被忽视的关于老爱德华的赞美诗。通过手稿语境阅读这首诗，重要的政治主题便凸显出来。这些单独的文本蕴含着一种帝国主义思想，即西撒克逊王室提出的 "帝国翻译"（translatio imperii）主张。其他文章则采取了相反的方法--从一个广泛的命题或已有的争议领域而非具体文本入手。丹尼尔-安勒扎克（Daniel Anlezark）的文章（"阿尔弗雷德与东方"）研究了阿尔弗雷德大帝与亚洲经济和政治联系的有趣证据。Ryan Lavelle 的论文 "从（北方）东方到西方：从（北）东到西：九至十一世纪盎格鲁-斯堪的纳维亚地区的地理特征和政治社区 "一文中，作者对阿尔弗雷德大帝与亚洲的经济和政治联系进行了有趣的考证。
{"title":"Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature ed. by Mark Atherton, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan (review)","authors":"Georgina Pitt","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935345","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature</em> ed. by Mark Atherton, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Georgina Pitt </li> </ul> Atherton, Mark, Kazutomo Karasawa, and Francis Leneghan, eds, <em>Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature</em> ( Studies in Old English Literature, 1), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. 442; 17 b/w, 4 colour illustrations; R.R.P. €115.00; ISBN 9782503599571. <p><em>Ideas of the World in Early Medieval English Literature</em> was awarded the 'Best Book' prize at the biennial conference of the International Society for the Study of Early Medieval England (2023). It is the first book in the Brepols series 'Studies in Old English Literature', centred on Old English literature and its contexts. The book stems from an international collaborative research project between scholars associated with the Department of Letters, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, and the Faculty of English, University of Oxford. The central enquiry of that project (and therefore these essays) is how the pre-Conquest English thought and wrote about the world and their place in it, from the time when Old English was establishing itself as an authoritative language through to the eleventh century. There are fifteen contributors.</p> <p>The essays are arranged thematically. The first strand looks outward, exploring the relationships between the pre-Conquest English and other peoples and English ideas about the world, particularly those parts of the world considered faraway and alien. The second strand turns inward, considering how the English conceptualised and situated themselves. The essays in this section use the modern theory of landscape as an inhabited space to analyse their sources, acknowledging the agency of the physical environment to shape and reflect mental states and understandings. The third strand pivots from an analysis of how the pre-Conquest English understood themselves to chart the connection between situatedness and concepts of collective identity, of a unified people. This section traces the deployment of the new communal identity of the English to legitimise expanding claims of overlordship outside traditional English boundaries and fuel aspirations of empire.</p> <p>A wide range of documentary sources is considered: theological texts, maps, Old English prose and poetry, as well as historical sources such as annals and <em>vitae</em>. Those sources deal with diverse topics: travel and culture contact, migration and conversion, and the grounding of identity in the experience of landscape/seascape/soundscape. Given the diversity of both the genres and the subject matters of the material considered, this collection sits on a spectrum between a handbook and a comprehensive 'last-word' analysis. Some essays focus on an indiv","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935351
James H. Kane
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre</em> ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero, and; <em>The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre</em> ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> James H. Kane </li> </ul> Edbury, Peter, and Massimiliano Gaggero, eds, <em>The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre</em>, <small>i</small> ( The Medieval Mediterranean, 135/1), Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2023; hardback, pp. ix, 569; R.R.P. €124.00; ISBN 9789004209930. Edbury, Peter, and Massimiliano Gaggero, eds, <em>The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre</em>, <small>ii</small> ( The Medieval Mediterranean, 135/2), Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2023; hardback, pp. x, 409; R.R.P. €124.00; ISBN 9789004547582. <p>Few, if any, sources about the Crusades and the Latin East have a textual tradition as complex as that of the various Old French narratives associated with the enormous history of the First Crusade and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem written by Archbishop William of Tyre, who died in obscure circumstances in the period leading up to Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem in 1187. William's Latin text was later rendered into the vernacular, most likely during the reign of King Louis VIII of France (r. 1223–26). Not long afterwards, an anonymous compiler took a separate vernacular narrative of events in the Latin East known to scholars as the <em>Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier</em> ('Chronicle of Ernoul and of Bernard the Treasurer'), excised that text's material from the period before 1184 (where William's original account breaks off), and then welded its post-1184 content onto the end of the Old French translation of William of Tyre. The product of this textual fusion underlays a rich series of entangled continuations that extend into the final decades of the thirteenth century and are attested in various forms across dozens of surviving manuscripts from before 1500.</p> <p>These two volumes, eagerly anticipated by scholars of crusading history ever since the plan to produce them was first signalled fifteen years ago, offer new critical editions of two key texts in the 'Old French William of Tyre' tradition: the aforementioned <em>Chronique d'Ernoul</em> (i), and the so-called <em>Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation</em>, an extensive revision of the post-1184 text that was probably carried out at Acre in the late 1240s (ii). Although both texts have been edited before, by Louis de Mas Latrie (1871) and the editors of the <em>Recueil des historiens des croisades</em> (1859), respectively, the major advances in scholarly understanding of the textual tradition made in the past half-century are
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者 The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero, and; The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero James H. Kane Edbury, Peter, and Massimiliano Gaggero, eds.Kane Edbury、Peter 和 Massimiliano Gaggero 编辑，《The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre》，i（《中世纪地中海》，135/1），莱顿和波士顿，Brill 出版社，2023 年；精装本，第 ix 页，569 页；零售价 124.00 欧元；国际标准书号 9789004209930。Edbury、Peter 和 Massimiliano Gaggero 编辑，《The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre》，ii（《中世纪地中海》，135/2），莱顿和波士顿，Brill 出版社，2023 年；精装本，第 x、409 页；零售价 124.00 欧元；国际标准书号 9789004547582。提尔的威廉大主教在 1187 年萨拉丁征服耶路撒冷之前的一段时期死于不详的情况下，他所撰写的有关第一次十字军东征和耶路撒冷拉丁王国的庞大历史的各种古法语叙事文本具有如此复杂的文本传统。威廉的拉丁文本后来被翻译成白话文，很可能是在法国国王路易八世（1223-26 年）统治时期。不久之后，一位匿名的编纂者采用了单独的关于拉丁东方事件的白话文叙述，学者们称之为 Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier（《埃努尔和财务官贝尔纳的编年史》），删去了该文本中 1184 年之前（威廉的原始叙述在此中断）的材料，然后将其 1184 年之后的内容焊接到《提尔的威廉》古法语译本的末尾。这种文本融合的产物为一系列丰富的纠缠不清的延续奠定了基础，这些延续一直延续到 13 世纪的最后几十年，并在 1500 年前的数十部现存手稿中以各种形式得到证实。这两卷书是 "旧法文提尔的威廉 "传统中两个关键文本的新批判性版本：前面提到的《埃努尔纪事》（Chronique d'Ernoul）（i）和所谓的《科尔贝尔-枫丹白露续集》（Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation），后者是对 1184 年后文本的广泛修订，可能是 12 世纪 40 年代末在阿克进行的（ii）。虽然这两个文本以前分别由 Louis de Mas Latrie（1871 年）和 Recueil des historiens des croisades（1859 年）的编辑们编辑过，但在过去半个世纪中，学术界对文本传统的理解取得了重大进展，这足以证明 "需要新的版本"（i, 5）。这些进步大部分要归功于编者彼得-埃德伯里和马西米里亚诺-加盖罗，他们在超过四分之一世纪的时间里（以埃德伯里为例）对这一主题进行了耐心的研究，从根本上重塑了我们对这些文本、它们之间的联系以及它们的 [尾页 315]意义的认识。因此，这两本书的版本都非常出色也就不足为奇了。虽然编者选择了与十九世纪前辈相同的基本手稿（布鲁塞尔，比利时皇家图书馆，MS.11142 for Ernoul；Paris.法国国家图书馆，MS.Fr.2628（科尔贝尔-枫丹白露至 1266 年），他们制作的文本远远优于早期的版本，尤其是因为它们配备了更丰富的批判工具。正如编者自己所承认的那样（i, 62-63），虽然不可否认，这些版本的内容十分稠密，但对重要变体的细致注释--并辅以相关的历史注释--反映了编者在整理现存主要手稿方面的勤奋，并确保学者们现在所获得的埃努尔和科尔贝尔-枫丹白露的文本更加符合现代学术惯例。他们的埃努尔版本还有四个附录作为补充，提供了来自底本以外手稿的独特段落和文本的版本，这些版本都经过了同样的编辑处理。此外，这两卷书都附有大量古法语-英语词汇表，至少对现代法语有粗略掌握的读者（或许还能对古法语-英语有粗略掌握的读者）都可以使用这些词汇表。
{"title":"The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero, and; The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero (review)","authors":"James H. Kane","doi":"10.1353/pgn.2024.a935351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/pgn.2024.a935351","url":null,"abstract":"<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span>\u0000<p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre</em> ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero, and; <em>The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre</em> ed. by Peter Edbury, and Massimiliano Gaggero <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> James H. Kane </li> </ul> Edbury, Peter, and Massimiliano Gaggero, eds, <em>The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre</em>, <small>i</small> ( The Medieval Mediterranean, 135/1), Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2023; hardback, pp. ix, 569; R.R.P. €124.00; ISBN 9789004209930. Edbury, Peter, and Massimiliano Gaggero, eds, <em>The Chronique d'Ernoul and the Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation of William of Tyre</em>, <small>ii</small> ( The Medieval Mediterranean, 135/2), Leiden and Boston, Brill, 2023; hardback, pp. x, 409; R.R.P. €124.00; ISBN 9789004547582. <p>Few, if any, sources about the Crusades and the Latin East have a textual tradition as complex as that of the various Old French narratives associated with the enormous history of the First Crusade and the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem written by Archbishop William of Tyre, who died in obscure circumstances in the period leading up to Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem in 1187. William's Latin text was later rendered into the vernacular, most likely during the reign of King Louis VIII of France (r. 1223–26). Not long afterwards, an anonymous compiler took a separate vernacular narrative of events in the Latin East known to scholars as the <em>Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier</em> ('Chronicle of Ernoul and of Bernard the Treasurer'), excised that text's material from the period before 1184 (where William's original account breaks off), and then welded its post-1184 content onto the end of the Old French translation of William of Tyre. The product of this textual fusion underlays a rich series of entangled continuations that extend into the final decades of the thirteenth century and are attested in various forms across dozens of surviving manuscripts from before 1500.</p> <p>These two volumes, eagerly anticipated by scholars of crusading history ever since the plan to produce them was first signalled fifteen years ago, offer new critical editions of two key texts in the 'Old French William of Tyre' tradition: the aforementioned <em>Chronique d'Ernoul</em> (i), and the so-called <em>Colbert-Fontainebleau Continuation</em>, an extensive revision of the post-1184 text that was probably carried out at Acre in the late 1240s (ii). Although both texts have been edited before, by Louis de Mas Latrie (1871) and the editors of the <em>Recueil des historiens des croisades</em> (1859), respectively, the major advances in scholarly understanding of the textual tradition made in the past half-century are ","PeriodicalId":43576,"journal":{"name":"PARERGON","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935348
Véronique Duché
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>The 'Roman de Thèbes' and the 'Roman d'Eneas'</em> by Glyn Burgess S., and Douglas Kelly <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Véronique Duché </li> </ul> Burgess, Glyn S., and Douglas Kelly, trans. and intro., <em>The 'Roman de Thèbes' and the 'Roman d'Eneas'</em> ( Exeter Studies in Medieval Europe), Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2021; hardback; pp. 440; R.R.P. £126.00; ISBN 9781800348615. <p>As famously described by French medieval poet Jean Bodel, there are only three subject matters for the discerning man—France, Britain, and Rome the Great. It is on the last that Glyn S. Burgess and Douglas Kelly focus their book. Building on their expertise in the translation of French medieval texts into English, the authors present here the <em>Roman de Thèbes</em> (<em>c</em>. 1150) and the <em>Roman d'Eneas</em> (<em>c</em>. 1160) to be read 'in conjunction with [their] translation of the <em>Roman de Troie</em> by Benoît de Sainte-Maure (D. S. Brewer, 2017)' (p. ix). Burgess and Kelly are to be congratulated for having made available to modern English readers the complete trilogy of the <em>romans d'antiquité</em>, or protoromances, dealing with themes from antiquity, which announced a genre that would later flourish with Chrétien de Troyes.</p> <p>The 'Introduction' (pp. 1–23), organised by themes, gives the necessary historical and literary information while focusing on topics such as 'Poetics from Latin into French'. Burgess and Kelly do not elaborate on the affiliation of the medieval authors with 'the Plantagenet courts of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine' (p. 3), which is still critical to understanding the cultural context of this period 'often called the twelfth century Renaissance' (p. 3). Indeed, these romances, born at the English court, were marked by the political intention of linking the Anglo-Norman monarchy to the great heroes of antiquity, therefore asserting their power and legitimacy. And while Burgess and Kelly state 'the crucial aim of the authors of these early narrative poems: to make available in French works that were written in Latin' (p. 4), they could have further elaborated on the importance of the <em>translatio studii</em> at this period. As Emmanuéle Baumgartner reminds us, the authors of <em>romans d'antiquité</em> aimed to make available texts 'whose knowledge was previously restricted to the world of the clergy, who alone had access to the original texts or their Latin and Medio-Latin adaptations, glosses and commentaries' (<em>Le Récit médiéval</em>, Hachette, 1995, p. 19). The presence, at the threshold of the <em>Roman de Thèbes</em>, of 'lord Homer and lord Plato, and Virgil and Cicero' (p. 28) attests to the crucial mission of the author: passing on multifaceted knowledge—be it about love, its importance, its nature, its consequences; or about the universe. D
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者 The 'Roman de Thèbes' and the 'Roman d'Eneas' by Glyn Burgess S., and Douglas Kelly Véronique Duché Burgess, Glyn S., and Douglas Kelly, trans.正如法国中世纪诗人让-博德尔（Jean Bodel）所描述的那样，对于眼光敏锐的人来说，只有三个主题--法国、英国和罗马大帝。格林-S-伯吉斯和道格拉斯-凯利在本书中重点介绍了最后一个主题。基于他们将法国中世纪文本翻译成英文的专长，作者在本书中介绍了 Roman de Thèbes（约 1150 年）和 Roman d'Eneas（约 1160 年），"与 Benoît de Sainte-Maure 翻译的 Roman de Troie（D. S. Brewer，2017 年）一起阅读"（第 ix 页）。伯吉斯和凯利为现代英语读者提供了完整的古罗马三部曲，或称 "原声曲"，涉及古代题材，宣告了这一体裁后来在克雷蒂安-德-特鲁瓦那里的兴盛，他们的贡献值得称赞。导言"（第 1-23 页）按主题编排，提供了必要的历史和文学信息，同时重点介绍了 "从拉丁文到法文的诗学 "等主题。伯吉斯和凯利没有详细阐述中世纪作者与 "亨利二世和阿基坦的埃莉诺的普兰塔格奈特宫廷"（第 3 页）的关系，而这对于理解这一时期 "通常被称为 12 世纪文艺复兴"（第 3 页）的文化背景仍然至关重要。事实上，这些诞生于英国宫廷的浪漫主义作品的政治意图是将盎格鲁-诺曼君主制与古代的伟大英雄联系起来，从而维护其权力和合法性。虽然伯吉斯和凯利指出 "这些早期叙事诗作者的关键目的是：将拉丁文作品翻译成法文"（第 4 页），但他们本可以进一步阐述翻译在这一时期的重要性。正如 Emmanuéle Baumgartner 提醒我们的那样，"古代叙事诗 "的作者旨在提供 "以前仅限于神职人员了解的文本，只有他们才能接触到原文或拉丁文和中拉丁文的改编本、注释和评论"（Le Récit médiéval，Hachette，1995 年，第 19 页）。在 Roman de Thèbes 的门口，"荷马大人、柏拉图大人、维吉尔和西塞罗"（第 28 页）的出现证明了作者的重要使命：传递多方面的知识--无论是关于爱情、爱情的重要性、爱情的性质、爱情的后果，还是关于宇宙。描述尤其重要，它展示了 "教士的书本知识，以及他们表现世界历史、展示人类活动、赞美所有[......]创造宇宙的人的能力，在这个宇宙中，美首先是人类智慧、知识和技能的产物"（Le Récit médiéval，第 24 页）。泰伯斯》（Thèbes）中对安菲阿拉俄斯战车的咏叹调描述（第 4949-5016 节，第 105-07 页）完美地诠释了这一现象。这些罗曼史对知识、知识的获取和传播进行了反思，反映了创作这些作品时的思想环境中的争论。[每部罗马书的译本都包括一个简短的情节大纲，附录提供了《埃涅阿斯手稿 D》中的另一种结局（第 353-57 页）。本卷最后附有长达 46 页的 "参考书目"（第 359-404 页），以及两个非常有用的人名和地名索引（第 405-16 页和第 416-22 页）。然而，对现有版本和译本的简要概述（第 xv-xvii 页）忽略了简-布利斯（Jane Bliss）对献给安菲阿拉乌斯的《泰伯斯集》的翻译（《盎格鲁-诺曼读本》，开卷出版社，2018 年，第 80-89 页[第 2055-80 页和第 4920 页]）。2055-80 和 ll. 4950-5080]--本书第 60 页和第 105-08 页），以及 Míceàl F. Vaughan 的《Eneas》部分译本（1999 年）（ll. 263-844, 1197-2154 --本书第 202-10 页和第 216-32 页）（可参阅...
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Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935357
Constant J. Mews
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Lateran IV: Theology and Care of Souls</em> ed. by Clare Monagle, and Neslihan Şenocak <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Constant J. Mews </li> </ul> Monagle, Clare, and Neslihan Şenocak, eds, <em>Lateran IV: Theology and Care of Souls</em> ( Disputatio, 34), Turnhout, Brepols, 2023; hardback; pp. 219; 3 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. €75.00; ISBN 9782503596808. <p>This volume, edited by two scholars interested in the interaction between theology and pastoral care, provides a helpful collection of perspectives both on the Fourth Lateran Council and the dynamic pope who drove its agenda. The Council was only one of several transformative happenings taking place in that year. Yet, as the editors describe in the 'Introduction', the Fourth Lateran Council would wield an immense impact over every dimension of Christian life in the Latin West. In the 'Introduction', Clare Monagle and Neslihan Şenocak also offer a cogent survey of the range of perspectives that have been taken on the Council. In one way, the Council can be seen as marking the apogee of papal ambition to reform pastoral care within the Church. Yet they also observe its concern to reinforce the power and privileges of the clergy within the Church, as well as their right to teach. The various chapters in this volume tend to position themselves somewhere along this spectrum between the poles of authority and reform. They combine to reinforce a message about the importance of this Council in defining both orthodoxy and the direction of pastoral care.</p> <p>Monagle tackles the tension between these two perspectives in a paper boldly exploring the tension between theology and pastoral care in the official edicts of Lateran IV. The Council was unlike any that preceded it in singling out a single theologian, namely Peter Lombard, as the voice of orthodoxy, defending him against criticisms of his theology that had been made over two decades earlier by Joachim of Fiore. This was a decision with immense consequences for the future of theology; its effect was to marginalise those who sympathised with Joachite criticism of the rising tide of academic theology. Monagle argues that its deeper concern was to define the discourse of orthodoxy within an institution <strong>[End Page 329]</strong> in which competing perspectives were perceived as potentially undermining the authority of the Church. Her focus on the definition of orthodoxy is complemented by that of Marcia Colish, who seeks to unpack the intellectual tradition that underpinned the official vindication of Lombard's Trinitarian orthodoxy against the criticisms made by Joachim. Her sympathies are with the admirers rather than the critics of Lombard, whom she accuses of misreading his text. The most valuable part of her contribution is to unpack the debt of the official defence of Lombard's theology t
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者 Lateran IV: Theology and Care of Souls ed. by Clare Monagle, and Neslihan Şenocak Constant J. Mews Monagle, Clare, and Neslihan Şenocak, eds, Lateran IV: Theology and Care of Souls ( Disputatio, 34), Turnhout, Brepols, 2023; hardback; pp.这本书由两位对神学与牧灵关怀之间的互动感兴趣的学者编辑，收集了关于第四次拉特兰大公会议和推动会议议程的教皇的有益观点。大公会议只是当年发生的几件变革性事件之一。然而，正如编者在 "导言 "中所描述的，第四次拉特兰大公会议将对拉丁西方基督教生活的方方面面产生巨大影响。在 "导言 "中，Clare Monagle 和 Neslihan Şenocak 还对有关大公会议的各种观点进行了有力的概述。从某种意义上讲，大公会议可以被视为教皇改革教会牧灵关怀的雄心壮志的顶峰。然而，他们也注意到了大公会议对加强神职人员在教会中的权力和特权及其教导权的关注。本卷中的各个章节倾向于将自己定位在权威与改革两极之间的某处。它们结合在一起，强化了一个信息，即大公会议在界定正统性和牧灵关怀方向方面的重要性。莫纳格在一篇论文中大胆探讨了拉特兰第四大公会议官方法令中神学与牧民关怀之间的紧张关系，从而解决了这两种观点之间的矛盾。这次大公会议与以往任何一次会议都不同，它只挑出一位神学家，即彼得-伦巴第，作为正统的代言人，为他辩护，反对二十多年前菲奥雷的约阿希姆对他的神学提出的批评。这一决定对神学的未来产生了巨大影响；其结果是将那些同情约阿希姆对学术神学浪潮的批评的人边缘化。莫奈格认为，其更深层次的考虑是在一个机构中定义正统话语，在这个机构中，相互竞争的观点被视为有可能损害教会的权威。玛西娅-科利什（Marcia Colish）的研究与她对正统定义的关注相辅相成，科利什试图解读官方针对约阿希姆的批评为伦巴第的三位一体正统性平反所依据的思想传统。她同情伦巴第的崇拜者而非批评者，指责他们误读了伦巴第的文本。她的贡献中最有价值的部分是解读了官方对伦巴第神学的辩护对斯蒂芬-兰顿关于上帝用语的教导的亏欠。教皇英诺森三世于1206年任命兰顿为红衣主教。他对区分 "意义 "和 "假设 "的兴趣为神学术语的讨论提供了一种比1206-1209年间新兴的巴黎大学校长克雷莫纳的普雷波西蒂努斯（Prepositinus of Cremona）所提供的更有效的方法。从这个角度来看，拉特兰四世值得关注，因为它针对不正确的论点而不是巴黎学派以外的批评者提供了正统的权威性理由。胡安妮塔-费罗斯-鲁伊斯（Juanita Feros Ruys）从一个微小但重要的细节，即关于魔鬼和其他魔鬼而非魔鬼和他的魔鬼，对大公会议提出了一个不那么传统的角度。她认为，虽然将魔鬼想象成掌管他的恶魔是一个由来已久的传统，但大公会议引入了一个微妙的不同视角，这可能是受到里尔的阿兰反对异端邪说的著作的影响。她仔细解读了阿兰的恶魔论，认为恶魔是一个群体，而不是恶魔的等级。相比之下，奥弗涅的威廉则恢复了更传统的恶魔等级制度。虽然大公会议术语的含义没有完全阐明，但其术语或许反映了对当时教会面临的巨大挑战多样性的更敏锐的认识。Şenocak关于牧师作为教师的论文认为，拉特兰第四大公会议产生了一种新的牧灵关怀模式，其重点越来越集中在牧师作为教师的角色上......
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Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935359
Roderick McDonald
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Celts, Gaels, and Britons: Studies in Language and Literature from Antiquity to the Middle Ages in Honour of Patrick Sims-Williams</em> ed. by Erich Poppe, Simon Rodway, and Jenny Rowland <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Roderick McDonald </li> </ul> Poppe, Erich, Simon Rodway, and Jenny Rowland, eds, <em>Celts, Gaels, and Britons: Studies in Language and Literature from Antiquity to the Middle Ages in Honour of Patrick Sims-Williams</em>, ( Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe, 35), Turnhout, Brepols, 2022; hardback; pp. xviii, 362; 2 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. €90,00; ISBN 9782503598642. <p>When this reviewer had the opportunity to sit next to Patrick Sims-Williams at an International Celtic Congress dinner more than a decade ago he met a personable, encouraging, and erudite conversationalist, a character entirely consistent with the attributes highlighted by editor Simon Rodway in his 'Introduction' to this Festschrift. A highly respected and knowledgeable scholar in command of a wide field, Sims-Williams is now Emeritus Professor of Celtic Studies at Aberystwyth University, Fellow of the British Academy, President of the International Congress of Celtic Studies, and Honorary Member of the Royal Irish Academy. Rodway also notes Sims-Williams being unafraid of the fiercest of debates in the discipline, and his careful negotiation of the 'cautious road between the Celtomaniacs and the Celtosceptics' (p. xvi). Indeed, Celtic studies are prone to wilful popular misappropriation, and the wide range of contributions in this volume emphasises the ongoing scholarly work in the discipline necessary to further the field and, along the way, help address this. In this context, Sims-Williams stands exemplary, and many of the contributions take his work as a starting point.</p> <p>In eighteen chapters this volume incorporates a wide array of topics typical of the scope of the field, from many prominent established scholars in Celtic linguistics and literature. As might be expected, these contributions are thorough, detailed, and occasionally very technical. Many also deal with <em>cruces</em> of scholarly debate at the margins of current knowledge, and these tend to offer theoretical possibilities, rather than conclusive certainties. For example, Máire Herbert titles her work 'Some Thoughts on the Life of Saint Ailbe' (p. 71), Jenny Rowland's exploration of the romanisation of British bards is 'more of an essay intended <strong>[End Page 333]</strong> to provoke discussion' (p. 113), William Mahon's chapter is 'A Note' on the medieval Welsh poem <em>Echrys Ynys</em> (pp. 131–38), Paul Russell's examination of late medieval Welsh scribal practice is characterised as a 'preliminary survey' (p. 270), and David Willis's syntactic analysis of conditional clauses in Welsh is a 'preliminary attempt' (p. 289
以下是内容的简要摘录，以代替摘要：评论者： 凯尔特人、盖尔人和不列颠人：由 Erich Poppe、Simon Rodway 和 Jenny Rowland 编辑的《凯尔特人、盖尔人和不列颠人：从古代到中世纪的语言和文学研究，以纪念帕特里克-西姆斯-威廉姆斯》（Research in Language and Literature from Antiquity to the Middle Ages in Honour of Patrick Sims-Williams）一书由 Roderick McDonald Poppe、Erich、Simon Rodway 和 Jenny Rowland 编辑：北欧中世纪文本与文化，35），Turnhout, Brepols, 2022；精装本；第 xviii 页，第 362 页；2 幅黑白插图；零售价 90,00 欧元；国际标准书号 9782503598642。十多年前，在一次国际凯尔特人大会的晚宴上，本评论员有机会坐在帕特里克-西姆斯-威廉姆斯身边，他见到了一位亲切、令人鼓舞、博学多才的谈话者，他的性格完全符合编辑西蒙-罗德威（Simon Rodway）在本纪念册 "导言 "中强调的特质。西姆斯-威廉斯是一位德高望重、学识渊博的学者，涉猎广泛，现任阿伯里斯威斯大学凯尔特研究名誉教授、英国科学院院士、凯尔特研究国际大会主席和爱尔兰皇家科学院荣誉院士。罗德威还指出，西姆斯-威廉斯不惧怕该学科中最激烈的争论，他在 "凯尔特狂人和凯尔特怀疑论者之间谨慎前行"（第 xvi 页）。事实上，凯尔特研究很容易被大众肆意盗用，本卷中的大量文章强调了该学科中正在进行的学术工作，这些工作对于推动该领域的发展十分必要，同时也有助于解决这一问题。在这方面，西姆斯-威廉姆斯堪称楷模，许多文章都以他的工作为起点。本卷共分 18 章，囊括了凯尔特语言学和文学领域众多著名学者的一系列典型主题。不出所料，这些文章深入浅出、详尽细致，有时还非常具有技术性。许多文章还涉及当前知识边缘的学术争论焦点，这些文章倾向于提供理论上的可能性，而非结论性的确定性。例如，Máire Herbert 将她的作品命名为 "Some Thoughts on the Life of Saint Ailbe"（第 71 页），Jenny Rowland 对英国吟游诗人罗马化的探索 "更像是一篇旨在引发讨论的文章"（第 113 页），William Mahon 的章节是关于中世纪威尔士诗歌 Echrys Ynys 的 "注释"（第 131-38 页），Paul Russ 的章节是关于中世纪威尔士诗歌 Echrys Ynys 的 "注释"（第 131-38 页）。131-38 页），Paul Russell 对中世纪晚期威尔士抄写实践的研究被称为 "初步调查"（第 270 页），David Willis 对威尔士语中条件从句的句法分析是一次 "初步尝试"（第 289 页）。学术著作通常以思考、注释或调查开始，这些通常以会议论文的形式出现，但以最终出版的形式出现的情况并不多见。也许这是成熟学者的专利？正如书名所示，这里的作品跨越了地理、语言和社会群体，时间跨度也很广。哈维尔-德-霍兹（Javier de Hoz）和亚历山大-法利耶夫（Alexander Falileyev）分别分析了罗马早期伊比利亚和罗马潘诺尼亚省的原凯尔特铭文。彼得-施里弗（Peter Schriver）和斯特凡-舒马赫（Stefan Schumacher）也从早期的时间框架出发，讨论了英国凯尔特语中原凯尔特语语音的具体语言发展：施里弗重点讨论了辅音群*st，舒马赫重点讨论了双元音*au。只有三章涉及凯尔特语的歌德尔语分支（其中一章甚至与不列颠语有联系）：利亚姆-布瑞特纳赫（Liam Breatnach）对以前未经编辑的古爱尔兰语王权文本进行了编辑和翻译，迈尔-赫伯特（Máire Herbert）通过圣徒艾尔贝（Ailbe）和大卫（David）的传记中的相似之处推测了英国和爱尔兰基督教习俗之间的关系，迈尔-尼-莫纳伊（Máire Ní Mhaonaigh）则重新评估了爱尔兰对古北欧文学可能产生的影响。除了这三个章节外，本卷其余部分涉及布列塔尼语，主要是威尔士语。除了已经提到的章节外，西蒙-罗德威（Simon Rodway）重新探讨了早期（英国）凯尔特人是否会自我认同为凯尔特人的问题，布莱丁-欧文-胡斯（Bleddyn Owen Huws）（在本卷唯一一篇威尔士语文章中）转录了一封来自西恩-菲利浦（Siôn Phylip，约 1540-1620 年）的早期现代威尔士语信件，并从以下方面对这封信进行了背景分析。
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Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1353/pgn.2024.a935365
Samaya Arguello Gomez
<span><span>In lieu of</span> an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:</span> <p> <span>Reviewed by:</span> <ul> <li><!-- html_title --> <em>Mythical Ancestry in World Cultures, 1400–1800</em> ed. by Sara Trevisan <!-- /html_title --></li> <li> Samaya Arguello Gomez </li> </ul> Trevisan, Sara, ed., <em>Mythical Ancestry in World Cultures, 1400–1800</em> ( Cursor Mundi, 35), Turnhout, Brepols, 2018; hardback; pp. ix, 196; 12 b/w illustrations; R.R.P. €70.00; ISBN 9782503580098. <p>Sara Trevisan's book <em>Mythical Ancestry in World Cultures, 1400–1800</em> is a wonderful exploration of mystical ancestry as a global phenomenon, and looks to understand how individuals and communities take meaning from their history, and how these meanings, in turn, shape their understanding of the past, the present, and the future. The book focuses on the early modern period, where mythical <strong>[End Page 343]</strong> ancestry was often used to support pedigrees of power, whether by demonstrating intact lineages to important historical figures or by crafting etymology designed to illustrate genealogical links to ancestors.</p> <p>The book's first chapter by Lisa Balabanlilar, 'The Mythical Ancestry of the Mughal Dynasty', argues that the powerful Chingisids, Timurids, and Mughals actively drew upon ancestral power and charisma to justify their own 'continued imperial aspirations' (p. 29). Genealogy as a tool for social classification is explored further in Jean-Paul Zuniga's chapter 'The Idol of Origins: Myth, Genealogical Memory and Law in Hispanic America', which ties territorial conquest to origin narratives from the Incas to the Castilian elites. The use of genealogical evidence in the creation of identity in Florence is explored by Christiane Klapisch-Zuber's chapter through the perspective of various 'merchant-authors'. These writers often reflect upon their own lineage within the context of the city itself, creating fascinating insights into a city more well-known for the histories of the elites rather than of obscure merchants. Similarly, Jane Hathaway's 'Origin Myths and Ethno-Regional Solidarity in Ottoman Egypt: An Unexpected Finding' sets out how terminology, symbolism, and myth came to reflect rival factions in Ottoman Egypt, offering another perspective on origin narratives.</p> <p>Sara Trevisan's own chapter, an original study on an anonymous genealogical roll that traces the genealogy of King James VI of Scotland and I of England is also fascinating in that it explores the relationship between biblical and mythical ancestors in the context of the political and national identity of both the state and royalty, a theme also found in Ewa Kociszewska's chapter on the construction of French noble identity via the myth of Trojan origins. Borverto Bizzocchi and Ermina Irace's concluding chapter, entitled 'Mythical Ancestry, Genealogy, and Nationalism in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Europe', explores how national identities and nationalis
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