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Puzzles (poster session): a tool for teaching knowledge based systems 拼图(海报环节):一种基于知识系统的教学工具
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359408
Kevin J. Austin
Students have indicated that the waditional method of lecturing was ineffectual, as they lost interest, slxuggled to pay attention and attendance rates declined. The traditional method of teaching makes a presumption that the student has little to contn'bute to the learning process. Instructions become directives as information is delivered in a continual stream of facts and figures; ¢ommaniccation is tmidh'ectionaJ with limited interactive learning. This poster presentation is a report of a prel/m/nary study on how puzzles (problem solving and lateral thinlcin~ problems) can be used as interactive learnin~ agents for subjects requiring problem solving. Puzzles were viewed as a natural extension of knowledge based systems and were inlroduced into the lecture format. The puzzles were seen as having two initial benefits. The first benefit is an increase in the participation and interaction of the students. Three to four puzzles are employed at various intervals throughout the lecture. The I ~ l e s are of three to five minmes in duration. According to Bligh [1] the imroduction of a period of change during the lecture (a period where either a short break or a change in the teaching method occurs) can have a positive affect on the level of performance of the students The second benefit is as a tool to create an environment of problem awareness. The puzzles used are a natural extension of the learning process in knowledge based systems rather than an intrusion into it. The p-~les require admini~Uation of a level of problem solving ability, lateral-th/nlcin~ ~'lcillg and ~ p ~ l e s complexity is consistent with the aimg and objectives of the subject. This poster presentation reviews the preliminary survey, and cm'r~t findings, together with a ~rr~le of puzzles, com~e material used during the lecture series. Keyworde : Interactive learning; puzzles, learning, knowledge based systems. Reference: [1] Bfigh, D A (2000) What's the use of Lectures? Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Fra~isco, CA, USA
学生们表示,传统的教学方法是无效的,因为他们失去了兴趣,难以集中注意力,出勤率下降。传统的教学方法假定学生对学习过程没有什么贡献。随着事实和数据的不断传递,指令变成了指令;交流是中等受欢迎的,互动学习有限。这张海报是一份关于谜题(解决问题和横向思考问题)如何被用作需要解决问题的科目的交互式学习代理的prel/m/nary研究报告。谜题被视为基于知识的系统的自然延伸,并被引入到讲座形式中。这些谜题最初被认为有两个好处。第一个好处是增加了学生的参与度和互动性。在整个讲座中,在不同的时间间隔使用三到四个谜题。1 ~ 5分钟的时间为3 ~ 5分钟。根据Bligh[1]的说法,在讲课期间引入一段变化时间(在这段时间里,要么短暂休息,要么改变教学方法),可以对学生的表现水平产生积极影响。第二个好处是作为一种工具,可以创造一个问题意识的环境。所使用的谜题是基于知识的系统中学习过程的自然延伸,而不是入侵。这些课程要求对学生的问题解决能力、横向学习能力和学习能力进行一定程度的评估,因为课程的复杂性与课程的目的和目标是一致的。这张海报展示回顾了初步调查,以及cm ~t的发现,以及一系列讲座中使用的一些谜题、com~e材料。关键词:互动学习;谜题,学习,基于知识的系统。[1]参考文献:bfight, D A(2000)讲座的作用是什么?乔西-巴斯出版社,旧金山,加州,美国
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引用次数: 0
Creating and supporting learning environments 创造和支持学习环境
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359389
I. Hawryszkiewycz
The paper describes ways to create a variety of learning environments. It describes a metamodel for defining such environments and a system that implements the metamodel. The environments described include classroom teaching, group support, distance moderation and monitoring of groups. The paper then describes a system, called LiveNet [3], which can be used to configure a variety of learning environments in terms of the metamodel, and describes experiences in its use.
本文描述了创造各种学习环境的方法。它描述了用于定义这种环境的元模型和实现该元模型的系统。所描述的环境包括课堂教学、群体支持、距离调节和群体监控。然后,本文描述了一个名为LiveNet的系统[3],该系统可用于根据元模型配置各种学习环境,并描述了其使用经验。
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引用次数: 3
Teaching object-oriented development with emphasis on pattern application 以模式应用为重点的面向对象开发教学
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359378
Lew Della, D. Clark
One of the most significant recent developments in software engineering has been the widespread adoption of design patterns. Design patterns enable software developers to incorporate well proven solutions to design problems in their software. This makes their software more flexible and reusable. Design patterns, however, are not easy to learn. They are often presented in complex contexts with partially coded examples. Further, there is no standard naming convention, with designers using very different names for quite similar patterns. These problems limit the accessibility of design patterns to beginning students.In this paper we propose a teaching method to help in the understanding of design patterns and their usage by developing fully coded examples (in Java), of certain design patterns in a particular domain. The method centres around developing an application using a framework which has been constructed using patterns as the central plank of the constuction. The students are then required to develop a related application using the same framework. This approach attempts to make it easier for students to relate to patterns, and to see the link between design patterns and their implementation via these coded frameworks. The aim is a better appreciation of design patterns and a clearer understanding of how to apply them in developing object-oriented solutions.
软件工程中最近最重要的发展之一是设计模式的广泛采用。设计模式使软件开发人员能够将经过良好验证的解决方案合并到他们的软件中来设计问题。这使得他们的软件更加灵活和可重用。然而,设计模式并不容易学习。它们通常在复杂的上下文中以部分编码的示例呈现。此外,没有标准的命名约定,设计人员对非常相似的模式使用非常不同的名称。这些问题限制了初学者对设计模式的理解。在本文中,我们提出了一种教学方法,通过开发特定领域中某些设计模式的完整编码示例(Java)来帮助理解设计模式及其使用。该方法围绕着使用框架开发应用程序展开,该框架使用模式作为构建的中心板块。然后要求学生使用相同的框架开发相关的应用程序。这种方法试图使学生更容易地与模式联系起来,并通过这些编码框架看到设计模式和它们的实现之间的联系。其目的是更好地理解设计模式,并更清楚地理解如何在开发面向对象的解决方案中应用它们。
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引用次数: 19
Computer technology students - what skills do they really need? 计算机技术专业的学生——他们真正需要的技能是什么?
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359390
E. Haywood, Jane Madden
As part of a continuing desire to improve the employability of computer technology students, we are focussing on the knowledge and skills that graduates need in the workforce. In order to do this we solicited the opinion of working graduates with regard to the usefulness of technical and non-technical knowledge in the workplace and to the skills that they learnt during their studies at University. This paper analyses the replies that graduates made to a questionnaire and describes both the teaching methods and the content of the three key subjects that are offered as co-requisites in the Bachelor of Science, Computer Technology. This work is of interest to all educators, especially those involved in course development and those interested in graduate outcomes. The ranking of time management as the most important skill to be learned and applied in the workplace was unexpected, but on reflection, given the calibre of many of the students, is understandable.
作为提高计算机技术专业学生就业能力的持续努力的一部分,我们将重点放在毕业生就业所需的知识和技能上。为了做到这一点,我们征求了工作毕业生关于技术和非技术知识在工作场所的有用性以及他们在大学学习期间学到的技能的意见。本文分析了毕业生对一份调查问卷的回答,阐述了计算机技术理学学士学位课程中三门必修课程的教学方法和内容。这项工作是所有教育工作者都感兴趣的,特别是那些参与课程开发和对毕业生成果感兴趣的人。时间管理被列为职场中最需要学习和应用的技能,这是出乎意料的,但考虑到许多学生的水平,这是可以理解的。
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引用次数: 10
Teaching programming to beginners - choosing the language is just the first step 教初学者编程——选择语言只是第一步
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359381
R. Duke, Eric J. Salzman, J. Burmeister, Josiah Poon, L. Murray
Over the years there has been an ongoing debate about which computer language to adopt for a first programming subject. Although some may not agree, the current consensus is that the object-oriented languages are winning the argument, and Java has increasingly become the language of choice for teaching beginners. But choosing the language is only the first step in designing a first programming subject. The adoption of an object-oriented language such as Java offers an opportunity to completely rethink our approach to teaching first-year programming, an opportunity that should not be missed. In this paper we identify what we see as the non language-specific core issues, and discuss how we approached these issues when designing and teaching a programming subject for beginners.
多年来,关于第一门编程课程应该采用哪种计算机语言一直存在争论。尽管有些人可能不同意,但目前的共识是,面向对象语言正在赢得争论,Java越来越多地成为教学初学者的首选语言。但是选择语言只是设计第一个编程主题的第一步。采用面向对象的语言(如Java)提供了一个机会,可以彻底重新思考我们教授第一年编程的方法,这是一个不应该错过的机会。在本文中,我们确定了我们所看到的非特定于语言的核心问题,并讨论了我们在为初学者设计和教授编程课程时如何处理这些问题。
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引用次数: 65
Adopting a studio-based education approach into information technology (poster session) 以工作室为本的资讯科技教育模式(海报环节)
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359410
K. Lynch, A. Carbone, P. Jamieson, D. Arnott
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引用次数: 1
Classical planning in an intelligent tutoring system (poster session) 智能辅导系统中的经典规划(海报环节)
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359413
A. Wheeldon, J. Reye
we store hash values that represent chunkg. Not only do we expect false positives because l~h functions can produce the same value for different chunks but also because the number of possible cbnnk.~ in Interuet-docomants onmumber the available mmaber of hash values. There are two ways to reduce index-space. We can either reduce the number ofchunk~ to be kept, which increases the chance of false negatives, or we can reduce the size of the hash value we calculate on each chunk, which increases the chance of false positives. False negatives are harder to handle because we have already missed potential documents. We propose a method that is able to ellm/nate false positives from a given set of documents. The comparison is completed in two phases. In the :first phase we define candiclate documents using the aforementioned methods and the second stage ellrn/nates false positives. Our algorithm for eliminating false positives uses a suffix tree built on the suspicious document to compare candidate documents and elim/nate accidental matches. Comparison of the chnnking methods and our algorithm are presented in this poster. Maintenance can be defined as the single most expensive activity in large software engineering projects, requiring 65% to 75% of total effort. Hence software engineering can be termed software evolution. The subject Software Engineering Practice (CSE2201) taught in the School of Computer Science and Software Engineering at Monash University is a second year core subject in an undergraduate degree program and comprises about 250 students per year. CSE2201 introduces software engineering concepts to students and expects students to view software engineering as an evolutionary process. Students are additionally introduced to and expected to implement the practical aspects of the Personal Software Process (PSP). We demonstrate the practice of teaching software evolution to undergraduate computing students in the Bachelor of Computing degree, and show how the four maintenance activities of corrective, adaptive, perfective and preventative can be included into the practical component of a software engineering course, providing students with a much more realistic view of software engineering. Expla-ations are needed to give feedback to students, as part of an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). A student submits an SQL query to the ITS as a solution to a question. When the query is incorrect the student receives an explanation, from the ITS, of how they can improve it so that it satisfies the task at hand. An expert enters an SQL …
我们存储代表chunkg的哈希值。我们不仅期望误报,因为l~h函数可以为不同的块产生相同的值,而且还因为可能的区块数量。在internet - doccomants中~对可用的哈希值进行编号。有两种方法可以减少索引空间。我们可以减少要保留的块~的数量,这增加了假阴性的机会,或者我们可以减少我们在每个块上计算的哈希值的大小,这增加了假阳性的机会。假阴性更难处理,因为我们已经错过了潜在的文件。我们提出了一种能够从给定的一组文档中识别/识别误报的方法。比较分两个阶段完成。在第一阶段,我们使用上述方法定义候选文档,而在第二阶段,我们发现/排除误报。我们消除误报的算法使用在可疑文档上构建的后缀树来比较候选文档并剔除/淘汰意外匹配。在这张海报中,我们比较了这些方法和我们的算法。维护可以被定义为大型软件工程项目中最昂贵的活动,需要总工作量的65%到75%。因此,软件工程可以称为软件进化。莫纳什大学计算机科学与软件工程学院开设的软件工程实践课程(CSE2201)是本科学位课程的二年级核心课程,每年约有250名学生。CSE2201向学生介绍软件工程概念,并期望学生将软件工程视为一个进化过程。此外,学生还被介绍并期望实现个人软件过程(PSP)的实际方面。我们展示了在计算机学士学位的计算机本科生中教授软件进化的实践,并展示了如何将纠正性、适应性、完善性和预防性四种维护活动纳入软件工程课程的实践部分,为学生提供了一个更现实的软件工程观点。作为智能辅导系统(ITS)的一部分,需要向学生提供反馈。学生向ITS提交一个SQL查询作为问题的解决方案。当查询不正确时,学生会收到来自ITS的解释,告诉他们如何改进查询,使其满足手头的任务。专家输入一个SQL…
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引用次数: 0
Optimising student cognitive load in computer education 优化计算机教育中学生的认知负荷
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359405
J. Tuovinen
Cognitive Load Theory provides a coherent way to optimise students cognitive processing load during learning. A range of principles identified in this theory can be applied to improve student processing during learning computing content. These principles range from the goal free problem solving to worked examples, split-attention, redundancy and variability effects. However, these principles need to be applied strategically. In this paper the most important consideration for strategic planning of computer education, ranging from the content element interactivity, mental effort measurement to student prior knowledge, are organised into a set of instructional choices. These choices are summarised in a flow chart, which can be used in the educational planning, as a tool to help ensure the identified issues are considered in an optimal sequence.
认知负荷理论为优化学生在学习过程中的认知加工负荷提供了一种连贯的方法。该理论中确定的一系列原则可以应用于提高学生在学习计算内容时的处理能力。这些原则的范围从无目标的问题解决到工作示例、分散注意力、冗余和可变性效应。然而,这些原则需要策略性地加以应用。本文将计算机教育战略规划中最重要的考虑因素,从内容元素的交互性、心理努力测量到学生的先验知识,组织成一套教学选择。这些选择总结在一个流程图中,可以在教育规划中使用,作为一种工具,帮助确保以最佳顺序考虑已确定的问题。
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引用次数: 30
Technology support for authentic assessment in the new millennia: a case study on implementing digital portfolios 新千年真实评估的技术支持:实施数字投资组合的案例研究
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359406
P. Worthington
Education faces multiple challenges in the new millennia. Educational Institutions are broadening the range of instructional methods and approaches; increased attention is being given to effective use of technology in the learning process. Traditional teaching methods are often used by default, in situations where the possibility of more effective alternatives either have no been considered or involve too much time and effort to establish. Traditional teaching marks, tests, and assesses the output of student at a single moment in time, which provides us with only a snapshot of performance. We need methods much closer to narrative that shows where a student stands with respect to the long arc of learning.This case study describes a creative technology-supported approach taken within an undergraduate course at Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia as a strategy to enhance extend and improve student learning and assist with measurement in using authentic assessment necessary for education reform. The author uses the technology to create a learning environment where students develop a digital or electronic portfolio to demonstrate their communication skills.
在新的千年里,教育面临着多重挑战。教育机构正在拓宽教学方法和途径的范围;目前越来越注意在学习过程中有效利用技术。在没有考虑到更有效的替代方法的可能性或需要花费太多时间和精力来建立的情况下,传统的教学方法通常是默认使用的。传统的教学评分、测试和评估学生在某一时刻的表现,这只给我们提供了一个表现的快照。我们需要更接近叙事的方法,来显示学生在漫长的学习过程中所处的位置。本案例研究描述了西澳大利亚珀斯科廷大学(Curtin University)在本科课程中采用的一种创造性的技术支持方法,作为一种策略,以加强和改善学生的学习,并协助使用教育改革所需的真实评估进行测量。作者利用这项技术创造了一个学习环境,让学生开发一个数字或电子组合来展示他们的沟通技巧。
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引用次数: 9
Concurrency, objects and visualisation 并发、对象和可视化
Pub Date : 2000-12-01 DOI: 10.1145/359369.359385
C. Exton, Michael Kölling
Object-oriented programming and concurrency are increasingly popular in computing education. Both are difficult topics in themselves, and the combination of both introduces subtle interactions that are not easily understood. We propose the development of a visualisation tool to illustrate both object-orientation as well as concurrency issues.Designing such a tool is a challenging task. It has been shown that visualisation tools are not always as effective as their authors had hoped, and the issues to be illustrated by our potential tools are not yet well defined.In this paper, we investigate both the visualisation aspect and the functionality that such a tool may have and we develop some guidelines for the design of a concurrent object visualisation tool.
面向对象编程和并发在计算教育中越来越流行。两者本身都是困难的话题,两者的结合引入了不易理解的微妙互动。我们建议开发一种可视化工具来说明面向对象和并发性问题。设计这样一个工具是一项具有挑战性的任务。事实证明,可视化工具并不总是像其作者所希望的那样有效,而且我们的潜在工具所要说明的问题尚未得到很好的定义。在本文中,我们研究了可视化方面和这种工具可能具有的功能,并为并发对象可视化工具的设计制定了一些指导方针。
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引用次数: 16
期刊
African Conference on Software Engineering
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