Monitoring of conservation status is an obligation arising from Article 11 of the Habitats Directive for all species of community interest. However, the development of monitoring methods for invertebrate species has received relatively little attention. Gomphus flavipes (Charpentier, 1825) and Ophiogomphus cecilia (Fourcroy, 1785) are two dragonfly species, listed in the annexes of the Habitats Directive, which suffered severe declines in the last century and have since recovered. Methods for the monitoring of these two gomphids have been proposed, but these have not been extensively tested and no abundance classes have been proposed for the evaluation of the conservation status of these species. A time-based standard sampling method is proposed for both species and results from numerous sites in Lombardy, northern Italy, are presented. Applying the standard method revealed that it is common for rivers that high water levels preclude sampling of exuviae through the summer and it is better to allow for two seasons when planning the monitoring. A further result is the fact that it was not always possible to sample the same stretches as the dynamic nature of the rivers and fluctuations in water level lead to some river banks becoming unsuitable for sampling during some visits. In these cases the time-based approach was advantageous, as the method did not need to be modified in response to the original bank section becoming unsuitable.
{"title":"Proposal for a time-based standard sampling method for the monitoring of Gomphus flavipes (Charpentier, 1825) and Ophiogomphus cecilia (Fourcroy, 1785) (Odonata: Gomphidae)","authors":"S. Hardersen, I. Toni","doi":"10.4081/FE.2019.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2019.335","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of conservation status is an obligation arising from Article 11 of the Habitats Directive for all species of community interest. However, the development of monitoring methods for invertebrate species has received relatively little attention. Gomphus flavipes (Charpentier, 1825) and Ophiogomphus cecilia (Fourcroy, 1785) are two dragonfly species, listed in the annexes of the Habitats Directive, which suffered severe declines in the last century and have since recovered. Methods for the monitoring of these two gomphids have been proposed, but these have not been extensively tested and no abundance classes have been proposed for the evaluation of the conservation status of these species. A time-based standard sampling method is proposed for both species and results from numerous sites in Lombardy, northern Italy, are presented. Applying the standard method revealed that it is common for rivers that high water levels preclude sampling of exuviae through the summer and it is better to allow for two seasons when planning the monitoring. A further result is the fact that it was not always possible to sample the same stretches as the dynamic nature of the rivers and fluctuations in water level lead to some river banks becoming unsuitable for sampling during some visits. In these cases the time-based approach was advantageous, as the method did not need to be modified in response to the original bank section becoming unsuitable.","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2019.335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49068139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although Madagascar is one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots, the knowledge of its faunistic diversity is still incomplete, notwithstanding many field campaigns were organized since the 17th century until nowadays, leading to a huge number of vertebrate and invertebrate records. In this contribution, taking into consideration the geographic distribution by a GBIF dataset including 286,764 records referred to nine insect orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Trichoptera), we tried to supply some observations on the spatial distribution and to point out some possible biases in the entomological knowledge of Madagascar. Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera were the most represented orders in the dataset, respectively. Some orders show many “coupled” sampling, with peaks of shared sampled localities between Diptera with Hymenoptera (98.07%) and Hemiptera with Coleoptera (64.21%). Considering the geographic location and the extension of the vegetation macrogroups in Madagascar, the entomological data result unevenly distributed. Current Protected Areas’ (PAs) network covers about the 70% of the total of the collecting localities for the nine insect orders considered, even though some, such as Trichoptera, Odonata, and Neuroptera seem significantly less protected than others. However, the possible new PAs planned for Madagascar could greatly increase in the future the protection level for all 9 insect orders analyzed, especially for Neuroptera, Odonata and Lepidoptera. A percentage of 82.3% of the whole sampling localities falls inside the PAs themselves or within 1000 m from their borders. A similar pattern is observed for the road network: the 62.9% of the localities fall at least at 1000 m from a road, with no sampling localities observed further than 10 km from a road; statistically significant clusters were observed in evaluating these biases, coinciding with major towns or PAs.
{"title":"Entomological knowledge in Madagascar by GBIF datasets: estimates on the coverage and possible biases (Insecta)","authors":"M. Iannella, Paola D’Alessandro, M. Biondi","doi":"10.4081/FE.2019.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2019.329","url":null,"abstract":"Although Madagascar is one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots, the knowledge of its faunistic diversity is still incomplete, notwithstanding many field campaigns were organized since the 17th century until nowadays, leading to a huge number of vertebrate and invertebrate records. In this contribution, taking into consideration the geographic distribution by a GBIF dataset including 286,764 records referred to nine insect orders (Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Odonata, Orthoptera, Trichoptera), we tried to supply some observations on the spatial distribution and to point out some possible biases in the entomological knowledge of Madagascar. Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera were the most represented orders in the dataset, respectively. Some orders show many “coupled” sampling, with peaks of shared sampled localities between Diptera with Hymenoptera (98.07%) and Hemiptera with Coleoptera (64.21%). Considering the geographic location and the extension of the vegetation macrogroups in Madagascar, the entomological data result unevenly distributed. Current Protected Areas’ (PAs) network covers about the 70% of the total of the collecting localities for the nine insect orders considered, even though some, such as Trichoptera, Odonata, and Neuroptera seem significantly less protected than others. However, the possible new PAs planned for Madagascar could greatly increase in the future the protection level for all 9 insect orders analyzed, especially for Neuroptera, Odonata and Lepidoptera. A percentage of 82.3% of the whole sampling localities falls inside the PAs themselves or within 1000 m from their borders. A similar pattern is observed for the road network: the 62.9% of the localities fall at least at 1000 m from a road, with no sampling localities observed further than 10 km from a road; statistically significant clusters were observed in evaluating these biases, coinciding with major towns or PAs.","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2019.329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45409918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mazzei, P. Audisio, A. V. Taglianti, P. Brandmayr
The distribution of the three Italian species of Rhysodidae was reviewed by re-examining published data, museum conserved and newly collected specimens. Rhysodes sulcatus chronogeonemy encloses a large majority of old findings and only two recently confirmed active populations are recorded after the year 2000. Omoglymmius germari shows a similar picture, with only one recent record (2018) in the Pollino National Park (Basilicata) but a small number of active populations after 2000. Clinidium canaliculatum populations are in a much better conservation status, with about 50 new sites detected after 2000 in the Sila National Park. Threats and research/monitoring needs have been discussed for each species and new IUCN status proposed for Italian populations: Critically Endangered (CR) for Rhysodes and Omoglymmius, Near Threatened (NT) for Clinidium.
{"title":"Geographical distribution and conservation status of the threatened saproxylic beetles Rhysodes sulcatus (Fabricius, 1787), Clinidium canaliculatum (O.G. Costa, 1839) and Omoglymmius germari (Ganglbauer, 1891) in Italy (Coleoptera: Rhysodidae)","authors":"A. Mazzei, P. Audisio, A. V. Taglianti, P. Brandmayr","doi":"10.4081/FE.2019.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2019.337","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of the three Italian species of Rhysodidae was reviewed by re-examining published data, museum conserved and newly collected specimens. Rhysodes sulcatus chronogeonemy encloses a large majority of old findings and only two recently confirmed active populations are recorded after the year 2000. Omoglymmius germari shows a similar picture, with only one recent record (2018) in the Pollino National Park (Basilicata) but a small number of active populations after 2000. Clinidium canaliculatum populations are in a much better conservation status, with about 50 new sites detected after 2000 in the Sila National Park. Threats and research/monitoring needs have been discussed for each species and new IUCN status proposed for Italian populations: Critically Endangered (CR) for Rhysodes and Omoglymmius, Near Threatened (NT) for Clinidium.","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2019.337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43658268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The island of Asinara, located in the northwest of Sardinia, is characterized by a large number of feral grazing mammals belonging to four herbivorous species (horse, donkey, mouflon, and goat) and an omnivorous one (wild boar). Hand-collections of scarabs in 2014 and the examination of unpublished records revealed the presence of five species new for Asinara (Trox nodulosus, Ateuchetus laticollis, Sisyphus schaefferi, Caccobius schreberi and Cetonia carthami). Based on all records (published and unpublished) we present a new checklist of the scarab beetle fauna of Asinara which increased from 30 to 43 species belonging to seven families: 2 Trogidae, 2 Geotrupidae, 13 Scarabaeidae, 19 Aphodiidae, 5 Cetoniidae, 1 Dynastidae, and 1 Hybosoridae
{"title":"An updated checklist of the scarab beetle fauna of Asinara Island, Sardinia, Italy (Coleoptera: Trogidae, Geotrupidae, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiidae, Cetoniidae, Dynastidae, Hybosoridae)","authors":"J. Treitler, G. Carpaneto, M. Dellacasa, J. Buse","doi":"10.4081/FE.2019.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2019.333","url":null,"abstract":"The island of Asinara, located in the northwest of Sardinia, is characterized by a large number of feral grazing mammals belonging to four herbivorous species (horse, donkey, mouflon, and goat) and an omnivorous one (wild boar). Hand-collections of scarabs in 2014 and the examination of unpublished records revealed the presence of five species new for Asinara (Trox nodulosus, Ateuchetus laticollis, Sisyphus schaefferi, Caccobius schreberi and Cetonia carthami). Based on all records (published and unpublished) we present a new checklist of the scarab beetle fauna of Asinara which increased from 30 to 43 species belonging to seven families: 2 Trogidae, 2 Geotrupidae, 13 Scarabaeidae, 19 Aphodiidae, 5 Cetoniidae, 1 Dynastidae, and 1 Hybosoridae","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2019.333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45492809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psylliodes shirensis, a new replacement name for Psylliodes shira Biondi and D'Alessandro (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)","authors":"M. Biondi, Paola D’Alessandro","doi":"10.4081/FE.2019.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2019.340","url":null,"abstract":"Not available","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2019.340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45519628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is a contribution to the knowledge of Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771), summarizing the results of a field study carried out on a population of the Italian W Alps. The peculiar eco-ethological traits of this species make its observation difficult in nature and overall also its biology is little known, especially in Italy. The habitat selection is outlined from 34 unpublished presence data, collected between 2016 and 2018. Moreover, some biometric traits are compared between adult individuals observed in two different and disjointed survey areas. The results show that the environments in which this species lives in Susa Valley should not be referred exclusively to xerothermic oases in strict sense. This species appears to be also associated, in fact, with xeric environments of agricultural origin, mostly abandoned vineyards. These land uses (especially viticulture) could have guaranteed the survival of S. pedo over time. The closure of these open areas by shrub and tree vegetation, constitutes an important threat factor. Phenology and morphology of this species in Susa Valley, seem do not differ from those reported for other European populations. However, from the biometric analysis some significant differences emerge (p<0.05) among the individuals sampled in the two areas, that are difficult to interpret. The observation of imagoes, always combined with high densities of potential prey and sometimes grouped, suggests some hypotheses that it would be interesting to test, to learn more about the ethology and ecology of this enigmatic protected species.
{"title":"Habitat selection and morphology of Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771) in Alps (Susa Valley, Piedmont, NW Italy) (Insecta: Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Saginae)","authors":"L. Anselmo","doi":"10.4081/FE.2019.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2019.336","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a contribution to the knowledge of Saga pedo (Pallas, 1771), summarizing the results of a field study carried out on a population of the Italian W Alps. The peculiar eco-ethological traits of this species make its observation difficult in nature and overall also its biology is little known, especially in Italy. The habitat selection is outlined from 34 unpublished presence data, collected between 2016 and 2018. Moreover, some biometric traits are compared between adult individuals observed in two different and disjointed survey areas. The results show that the environments in which this species lives in Susa Valley should not be referred exclusively to xerothermic oases in strict sense. This species appears to be also associated, in fact, with xeric environments of agricultural origin, mostly abandoned vineyards. These land uses (especially viticulture) could have guaranteed the survival of S. pedo over time. The closure of these open areas by shrub and tree vegetation, constitutes an important threat factor. Phenology and morphology of this species in Susa Valley, seem do not differ from those reported for other European populations. However, from the biometric analysis some significant differences emerge (p<0.05) among the individuals sampled in the two areas, that are difficult to interpret. The observation of imagoes, always combined with high densities of potential prey and sometimes grouped, suggests some hypotheses that it would be interesting to test, to learn more about the ethology and ecology of this enigmatic protected species.","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2019.336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45268576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Badano, C. Makris, E. John, Michael Hadjiconstantis, D. Sparrow, R. Sparrow, Bethan Thomas, D. Devetak
The antlions (Myrmeleontidae) of Cyprus have been poorly studied and only 13 species were known from this biogeographically interesting island. In light of new field research, we provide an updated checklist to the Cypriot antlions, including seven species reported for the first time from the island. Of these, the findings of the Middle Eastern species Distoleon laticollis and Cueta kasyi are particularly noteworthy. The Cypriot antlion fauna appears dominated by widespread Mediterranean elements, with relatively few Middle Eastern and endemic species.
{"title":"The antlions of Cyprus: review and new reports (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)","authors":"D. Badano, C. Makris, E. John, Michael Hadjiconstantis, D. Sparrow, R. Sparrow, Bethan Thomas, D. Devetak","doi":"10.4081/FE.2018.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2018.307","url":null,"abstract":"The antlions (Myrmeleontidae) of Cyprus have been poorly studied and only 13 species were known from this biogeographically interesting island. In light of new field research, we provide an updated checklist to the Cypriot antlions, including seven species reported for the first time from the island. Of these, the findings of the Middle Eastern species Distoleon laticollis and Cueta kasyi are particularly noteworthy. The Cypriot antlion fauna appears dominated by widespread Mediterranean elements, with relatively few Middle Eastern and endemic species.","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2018.307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44044389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution of the Italian species of Sapygidae is reviewed and new occurrence records for some species are given. Monosapyga clavicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) is recorded for the first time in Lazio and Abruzzo, Polochrum repandum Spinola, 1806 in Abruzzo, and Sapygina decemguttata (Jurine, 1807) in Veneto. Due to insufficient sampling efforts in Italy, all the Italian species of Sapygidae should be currently considered as Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
{"title":"Review of the distribution of Sapygidae in Italy and new records (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea)","authors":"F. Ceccolini, F. Cianferoni","doi":"10.4081/FE.2018.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2018.302","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of the Italian species of Sapygidae is reviewed and new occurrence records for some species are given. Monosapyga clavicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) is recorded for the first time in Lazio and Abruzzo, Polochrum repandum Spinola, 1806 in Abruzzo, and Sapygina decemguttata (Jurine, 1807) in Veneto. Due to insufficient sampling efforts in Italy, all the Italian species of Sapygidae should be currently considered as Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2018.302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42804323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of several specimens of Epitrichius recently caught in central and southern Vietnam allowed to put in synonymy one species and to describe a new one, which extends considerably southwards the distribution area of the genus.
{"title":"Notes on genus Epitrichius Tagawa, 1941 in Vietnam, with description of a new species and a new synonym (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae)","authors":"Enrico Ricchiardi","doi":"10.4081/FE.2018.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2018.304","url":null,"abstract":"The study of several specimens of Epitrichius recently caught in central and southern Vietnam allowed to put in synonymy one species and to describe a new one, which extends considerably southwards the distribution area of the genus.","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2018.304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45175021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this short contribution some specimens from New Caledonia, colletcted by Dr. Geoff Monteith of the Queensland Museum of Brisbane, are studied and four new species are described and illustrated (Pachycorynus monteithi sp. n., P. flavus sp. n., P. insularis sp. n., and Zeteotomus insularis sp. n.). The known New Caledonian Xantholinini are now represented by 17 species.
{"title":"New data on the Australasian Xantholinini. 12. New species from New Caledonia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)","authors":"A. Bordoni","doi":"10.4081/FE.2018.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/FE.2018.310","url":null,"abstract":"In this short contribution some specimens from New Caledonia, colletcted by Dr. Geoff Monteith of the Queensland Museum of Brisbane, are studied and four new species are described and illustrated (Pachycorynus monteithi sp. n., P. flavus sp. n., P. insularis sp. n., and Zeteotomus insularis sp. n.). The known New Caledonian Xantholinini are now represented by 17 species.","PeriodicalId":43612,"journal":{"name":"FRAGMENTA ENTOMOLOGICA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4081/FE.2018.310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49416564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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