1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)最新文献
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692558
S. Upadhye, Y. Atre
Power system harmonics are a menace with disastrous consequences. A number of ways were tried out to tackle the harmonic problem posed by nonlinear electric devices, but by far, the most popular and quite effective one is the use of passive filters. This provides a low impedance path to a harmonic or a group of harmonics. Usually the AC harmonics are odd harmonics. So normally the filter combination selected is such that for the predominant harmonics, one or more single tuned filters are used, and for the rest of the harmonics, a high pass filter is used. An alternate combination is that a damped filter is used for the two predominant harmonics with the filter being tuned at a frequency in between the two harmonics and another damped filter for the higher harmonics. If all the harmonics are not of very high magnitude then usually one high pass filter is sufficient for all the harmonics. Instead of the conventional design of these filters, which is based on experience of the designer, a better way is to use the optimization algorithms to obtain maximum performance from these filters.
{"title":"Determination of the design parameters of passive harmonic filters using nonlinear optimization","authors":"S. Upadhye, Y. Atre","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692558","url":null,"abstract":"Power system harmonics are a menace with disastrous consequences. A number of ways were tried out to tackle the harmonic problem posed by nonlinear electric devices, but by far, the most popular and quite effective one is the use of passive filters. This provides a low impedance path to a harmonic or a group of harmonics. Usually the AC harmonics are odd harmonics. So normally the filter combination selected is such that for the predominant harmonics, one or more single tuned filters are used, and for the rest of the harmonics, a high pass filter is used. An alternate combination is that a damped filter is used for the two predominant harmonics with the filter being tuned at a frequency in between the two harmonics and another damped filter for the higher harmonics. If all the harmonics are not of very high magnitude then usually one high pass filter is sufficient for all the harmonics. Instead of the conventional design of these filters, which is based on experience of the designer, a better way is to use the optimization algorithms to obtain maximum performance from these filters.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133299989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692560
Lu Wang, X. Rong Li
Decoupled power system calculation methods are developed upon some assumptions, one of which is that the bus voltages are near the nominal value. In the cases where there are buses with low voltages, the efficiency or accuracy of decoupled calculation methods degrades. This paper presents a voltage-normalized network model which restores the low bus voltages to the vicinity of the nominal value. The decoupled calculation methods based on this network model do not suffer from the voltage problems and perform well in the cases of low voltages in power systems. Numerical results are presented to show the validity of this network model.
{"title":"A voltage-normalized network model for improved decoupled power system calculation","authors":"Lu Wang, X. Rong Li","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692560","url":null,"abstract":"Decoupled power system calculation methods are developed upon some assumptions, one of which is that the bus voltages are near the nominal value. In the cases where there are buses with low voltages, the efficiency or accuracy of decoupled calculation methods degrades. This paper presents a voltage-normalized network model which restores the low bus voltages to the vicinity of the nominal value. The decoupled calculation methods based on this network model do not suffer from the voltage problems and perform well in the cases of low voltages in power systems. Numerical results are presented to show the validity of this network model.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123060009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692538
J. Mays, W. Vilcheck, L. J. Harris, T. Domitrovich
Industrial plant electrical engineers are installing gear-mounted power quality monitors for monitoring power usage and demand for processes within their facility. Engineers also monitor and trend power quality-related parameters to detect equipment misoperation or potential power system trouble. This paper briefly describes an actual plant-wide gear-mounted power quality meter installation at a tire manufacturing facility. Just after the monitoring system was functional, power system engineers initiated a power factor correction/harmonic analysis of the plant. The power quality monitoring system provided harmonic voltage and current magnitudes throughout the electrical distribution system. The authors focus upon the contribution and advantages of a fixed gear-mounted power quality monitoring system to complete a power factor and harmonic study.
{"title":"Using fixed gear mounted power quality monitors to perform a power factor and harmonic analysis","authors":"J. Mays, W. Vilcheck, L. J. Harris, T. Domitrovich","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692538","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial plant electrical engineers are installing gear-mounted power quality monitors for monitoring power usage and demand for processes within their facility. Engineers also monitor and trend power quality-related parameters to detect equipment misoperation or potential power system trouble. This paper briefly describes an actual plant-wide gear-mounted power quality meter installation at a tire manufacturing facility. Just after the monitoring system was functional, power system engineers initiated a power factor correction/harmonic analysis of the plant. The power quality monitoring system provided harmonic voltage and current magnitudes throughout the electrical distribution system. The authors focus upon the contribution and advantages of a fixed gear-mounted power quality monitoring system to complete a power factor and harmonic study.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126614428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692550
Ching-Yin Lee, Weijen Lee, Yen-Nien Wang, J. Gu
Due to the increasing requirement of precise control and equipment performance of a modern facility, the appearance of voltage harmonics in the power system has drawn great attention. Its impact on three-phase induction motors is one of the major concerns in industrial power systems. This paper uses a real load test to investigate the performances of a three-phase induction motor under different voltage distortion factors (VDF). The monitored qualities include motor efficiency, temperature rise, and torsional vibration. Adequacy and suggestions to the related regulations of harmonics control and limits are also presented.
{"title":"Effects of voltage harmonics on the electrical and mechanical performance of a three-phase induction motor","authors":"Ching-Yin Lee, Weijen Lee, Yen-Nien Wang, J. Gu","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692550","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increasing requirement of precise control and equipment performance of a modern facility, the appearance of voltage harmonics in the power system has drawn great attention. Its impact on three-phase induction motors is one of the major concerns in industrial power systems. This paper uses a real load test to investigate the performances of a three-phase induction motor under different voltage distortion factors (VDF). The monitored qualities include motor efficiency, temperature rise, and torsional vibration. Adequacy and suggestions to the related regulations of harmonics control and limits are also presented.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116011925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692551
R. Jungblut, R. Sittig
Arcless DC-circuit interruption with metallic contacts is accomplished by the hybrid combination of a mechanical switch, a sold state device (power diode) and a varistor. The load current is carried by the mechanical switch. Before opening the contacts, the diode is charged by a high current pulse in forward direction. When the contacts open the diode short-circuits the fault current in its reverse direction until the charge accumulated in the diode is depleted. By this time the contacts have to be separated to withstand the now fast increasing voltage. With the hybrid high-speed circuit breaker switching currents of 275 ampere at 1250 volts were achieved with delay times of 80 microseconds.
{"title":"Hybrid high-speed DC circuit breaker using charge-storage diode","authors":"R. Jungblut, R. Sittig","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692551","url":null,"abstract":"Arcless DC-circuit interruption with metallic contacts is accomplished by the hybrid combination of a mechanical switch, a sold state device (power diode) and a varistor. The load current is carried by the mechanical switch. Before opening the contacts, the diode is charged by a high current pulse in forward direction. When the contacts open the diode short-circuits the fault current in its reverse direction until the charge accumulated in the diode is depleted. By this time the contacts have to be separated to withstand the now fast increasing voltage. With the hybrid high-speed circuit breaker switching currents of 275 ampere at 1250 volts were achieved with delay times of 80 microseconds.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115548233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692555
P. Zavadivker
This paper addresses the technical issues associated with neutral grounding in low-voltage, solidly grounded, four-wire power systems. For these systems, the paper discusses several design configurations, including those backed up by a standby generator or arranged as a dual-feed, double-ended bus. The paper's main focus is on the compliance of these systems with the National Electrical Code. Specifically, the paper reviews the NEC requirements associated with the neutral conductor grounding and ground fault protection for these power systems.
{"title":"Neutral grounding-nothing new-tral about it [power network protection]","authors":"P. Zavadivker","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692555","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the technical issues associated with neutral grounding in low-voltage, solidly grounded, four-wire power systems. For these systems, the paper discusses several design configurations, including those backed up by a standby generator or arranged as a dual-feed, double-ended bus. The paper's main focus is on the compliance of these systems with the National Electrical Code. Specifically, the paper reviews the NEC requirements associated with the neutral conductor grounding and ground fault protection for these power systems.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115219253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692559
H. Fleck, F.J. Mercede
There are two types of short-circuit studies of interest to the power engineer. The results of the first type are used to select the withstand and interrupting capabilities of switchgear; whereas, the results of the second type are used to properly select the settings of overcurrent protective devices. Oftentimes, the engineer is in possession of commercial software for the first type of short-circuit study. Thus, a natural question is whether its output can also be applied to the second type. The purpose of this paper is to address this question, in accordance with Chapter 4 of the IEEE Red Book, by comparing the two types of short-circuit studies. The basis for the comparison is the complex impedance network method. A sample industrial power system is used to clarify the findings.
{"title":"Short-circuit currents to perform a protective device coordination study","authors":"H. Fleck, F.J. Mercede","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692559","url":null,"abstract":"There are two types of short-circuit studies of interest to the power engineer. The results of the first type are used to select the withstand and interrupting capabilities of switchgear; whereas, the results of the second type are used to properly select the settings of overcurrent protective devices. Oftentimes, the engineer is in possession of commercial software for the first type of short-circuit study. Thus, a natural question is whether its output can also be applied to the second type. The purpose of this paper is to address this question, in accordance with Chapter 4 of the IEEE Red Book, by comparing the two types of short-circuit studies. The basis for the comparison is the complex impedance network method. A sample industrial power system is used to clarify the findings.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116924571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692530
L. J. Powell
Industry has recently become sensitized to the problem of severe generator damage due to stator ground faults. To prevent this damage, it has been suggested that the practices employed for neutral grounding should be changed. This paper provides an analytical perspective on this problem and suggests that the real issue is the manner in which the neutral of the generator itself is grounded.
{"title":"The impact of system grounding practices on generator fault damage","authors":"L. J. Powell","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692530","url":null,"abstract":"Industry has recently become sensitized to the problem of severe generator damage due to stator ground faults. To prevent this damage, it has been suggested that the practices employed for neutral grounding should be changed. This paper provides an analytical perspective on this problem and suggests that the real issue is the manner in which the neutral of the generator itself is grounded.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129065128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692529
B. Bailey, D. Jakominich
Multi-function static overcurrent relays employing digital technology have functionality that permits improved and expanded protection in many applications. While a relay is normally selected for the required overcurrent and ground fault protection, effective utilization of additional available functions can provide added security without significant additional cost. This paper describes an application for an oil refinery power system that uses directional overcurrent elements and reverse interlocking between the main, tie and feeder relays for a dual source-normally closed tie system. This scheme provides fast tripping for bus faults, which has several advantages over traditional bus differential relaying. This paper also describes a ground fault protection scheme to detect feeder grounds on a high resistance grounded system.
{"title":"Static-digital overcurrent relays permit enhanced protection","authors":"B. Bailey, D. Jakominich","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692529","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-function static overcurrent relays employing digital technology have functionality that permits improved and expanded protection in many applications. While a relay is normally selected for the required overcurrent and ground fault protection, effective utilization of additional available functions can provide added security without significant additional cost. This paper describes an application for an oil refinery power system that uses directional overcurrent elements and reverse interlocking between the main, tie and feeder relays for a dual source-normally closed tie system. This scheme provides fast tripping for bus faults, which has several advantages over traditional bus differential relaying. This paper also describes a ground fault protection scheme to detect feeder grounds on a high resistance grounded system.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131630034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-05-03DOI: 10.1109/ICPS.1998.692536
P. G. Cradinal
When a thunderstorm left a Houston (USA) research and development complex without power for several hours, it was suggested that an existing natural gas-fired cogeneration system be modified to provide backup power. This paper investigates the feasibility of upgrading the installation to meet standby power requirements. Included are required hardware modifications along with an overview of applicable electrical and life safety codes. Economic factors are presented which compare co-generation system modifications to other standby power alternatives.
{"title":"Applicability of co-generation equipment as a source of standby or emergency power","authors":"P. G. Cradinal","doi":"10.1109/ICPS.1998.692536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPS.1998.692536","url":null,"abstract":"When a thunderstorm left a Houston (USA) research and development complex without power for several hours, it was suggested that an existing natural gas-fired cogeneration system be modified to provide backup power. This paper investigates the feasibility of upgrading the installation to meet standby power requirements. Included are required hardware modifications along with an overview of applicable electrical and life safety codes. Economic factors are presented which compare co-generation system modifications to other standby power alternatives.","PeriodicalId":436140,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134238355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1998 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference. Conference Record. Papers Presented at the 1998 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36202)
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