We propose a novel solar selective absorber design based on transverse localized surface plasmon resonances of infinite metallic nanorods embedded in a graded index dielectric slab. The physics principles on which the design is based are explained, and decent results are obtained by numerical simulations; solar absorptance values exceeding 0.99 are reached together with a near-zero infrared emittance. The proposed structure design offers a flexible tunability of thermal emission, and this spectral control over thermal emission promises advances not only in solar energy harvesting efficiency, but also in sensing, camouflage, and other thermal management applications.
{"title":"Highly efficient and tunable selective absorber design based on metallic nanoparticles in a graded index dielectric","authors":"R. Hamam, A. Sabbah","doi":"10.1051/EPJAM/2019006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJAM/2019006","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel solar selective absorber design based on transverse localized surface plasmon resonances of infinite metallic nanorods embedded in a graded index dielectric slab. The physics principles on which the design is based are explained, and decent results are obtained by numerical simulations; solar absorptance values exceeding 0.99 are reached together with a near-zero infrared emittance. The proposed structure design offers a flexible tunability of thermal emission, and this spectral control over thermal emission promises advances not only in solar energy harvesting efficiency, but also in sensing, camouflage, and other thermal management applications.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJAM/2019006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acoustic metasurface (AMS) is an important branch of metamaterials which has important applications in various fields such as earthquake protection, noise reduction, acoustic hiding, architectural acoustics, particle manipulation, and medical ultrasound and therapy. The AMS with subwavelength thickness can manipulate the acoustic wave by controlling the wavefront phase based on the generalized acoustic Snell's law. In this review, the research and application progresses of AMS in China were introduced, and the further development trends of AMS were analyzed and remarked.
{"title":"Research progress of acoustic metasurface in China","authors":"Zhaohong Wang, Yangyang Chu","doi":"10.1051/EPJAM/2019004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJAM/2019004","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic metasurface (AMS) is an important branch of metamaterials which has important applications in various fields such as earthquake protection, noise reduction, acoustic hiding, architectural acoustics, particle manipulation, and medical ultrasound and therapy. The AMS with subwavelength thickness can manipulate the acoustic wave by controlling the wavefront phase based on the generalized acoustic Snell's law. In this review, the research and application progresses of AMS in China were introduced, and the further development trends of AMS were analyzed and remarked.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJAM/2019004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a two-dimension planar material with zero-gap structure, graphene has a lot of outstanding properties in microwave frequency band, and the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method can produce the large-scale graphene sheets with high quality for applications. Thus, the study about the microwave devices based on CVD-grown graphene has been aroused wide interests in the past few years. In this paper, mainly concentrating on the research by Chinese scientific groups, we review the development of microwave devices based on the CVD-grown graphene which are all validated by experiments, including attenuators, absorbers, antennas, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and beam reconfiguration.
{"title":"A review of microwave devices based on CVD-grown graphene with experimental demonstration","authors":"Wei-Bing Lu, Hui Chen, Zhenguo Liu","doi":"10.1051/EPJAM/2019001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJAM/2019001","url":null,"abstract":"As a two-dimension planar material with zero-gap structure, graphene has a lot of outstanding properties in microwave frequency band, and the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method can produce the large-scale graphene sheets with high quality for applications. Thus, the study about the microwave devices based on CVD-grown graphene has been aroused wide interests in the past few years. In this paper, mainly concentrating on the research by Chinese scientific groups, we review the development of microwave devices based on the CVD-grown graphene which are all validated by experiments, including attenuators, absorbers, antennas, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and beam reconfiguration.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJAM/2019001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a new high-gain antenna with beam control based on multilayer non-uniform metasurfaces (MNMSs) is proposed. The MNMS consists of multilayer non-uniform square and ring metal patches array. The phase-shift of the MNMS element can achieve 310° with the variation of geometrical sizes. Moreover, four high-gain antennas based on MNMS element are designed, fabricated, and measured to realize 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60° beam control in pitching plane, respectively. Relative bandwidth of the proposed high-gain antenna is above 12%. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antennas show that the wide-angle and azimuth direction beam control capability can be effectively realized by integrating different MNMS with the feeding horn antenna.
{"title":"Control and improvement of antenna gain by using multilayer non-uniform metasurfaces","authors":"Jiaqi Han, Long Li, Tianliang Zhang, Rui Xi","doi":"10.1051/EPJAM/2019003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJAM/2019003","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new high-gain antenna with beam control based on multilayer non-uniform metasurfaces (MNMSs) is proposed. The MNMS consists of multilayer non-uniform square and ring metal patches array. The phase-shift of the MNMS element can achieve 310° with the variation of geometrical sizes. Moreover, four high-gain antennas based on MNMS element are designed, fabricated, and measured to realize 0°, 30°, 45°, and 60° beam control in pitching plane, respectively. Relative bandwidth of the proposed high-gain antenna is above 12%. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antennas show that the wide-angle and azimuth direction beam control capability can be effectively realized by integrating different MNMS with the feeding horn antenna.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJAM/2019003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been investigated at microwave and THz frequencies for engineering purpose. Due to momentum mismatch, the SPP mode cannot be directly converted from the spatial mode, and vice versa. Stimulating schemes have been developed to transform spatial waveguide modes to SPP modes with high efficiency. On the other hand, the question may arise that, is it possible to transform the propagating SPP waves to directive radiating waves for wireless communication? In view of this, this paper introduces the new-concept antennas based on spoof SPPs at microwave frequencies. Methods of transforming SPP modes to radiating modes are studied, whilst a series of antenna designs are presented and discussed. Feeding networks for antenna arrays using SSPP TLs are also investigated. Most works reviewed in this paper are fulfilled at Southeast University in China.
{"title":"The engineering way from spoof surface plasmon polaritons to radiations","authors":"W. Tang, T. Cui","doi":"10.1051/EPJAM/2019007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJAM/2019007","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been investigated at microwave and THz frequencies for engineering purpose. Due to momentum mismatch, the SPP mode cannot be directly converted from the spatial mode, and vice versa. Stimulating schemes have been developed to transform spatial waveguide modes to SPP modes with high efficiency. On the other hand, the question may arise that, is it possible to transform the propagating SPP waves to directive radiating waves for wireless communication? In view of this, this paper introduces the new-concept antennas based on spoof SPPs at microwave frequencies. Methods of transforming SPP modes to radiating modes are studied, whilst a series of antenna designs are presented and discussed. Feeding networks for antenna arrays using SSPP TLs are also investigated. Most works reviewed in this paper are fulfilled at Southeast University in China.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJAM/2019007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A square loop antenna implemented using a metamaterial line, referred to as a metaloop, is discussed. The metaloop radiates a counter circularly polarized (CP) broadside beam when the loop circumference equals one guided wavelength. The frequency response of the gain shows two different maximum values: gain G Lmax for a left-handed CP wave at frequency fGLmax and gain GRmax for a right-handed CP wave at frequency fGRmax, where GLmax is smaller than GRmax. In order to increase GLmax, while not affecting the original GRmax as much as possible (i.e. balance the gain), a parasitic natural conducting loop (paraloop), whose circumference is one free-space wavelength at fGLmax, is placed at height Hpara above the metaloop. It is found that the difference in the gains can be reduced by choosing an appropriate Hpara. The radiation pattern at fGLmax is narrowed by the paraloop, while the VSWR is not remarkably affected.
{"title":"Balanced gain for a square metaloop antenna","authors":"H. Nakano, Ittoku Yoshino, T. Abe, J. Yamauchi","doi":"10.1051/EPJAM/2018010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJAM/2018010","url":null,"abstract":"A square loop antenna implemented using a metamaterial line, referred to as a metaloop, is discussed. The metaloop radiates a counter circularly polarized (CP) broadside beam when the loop circumference equals one guided wavelength. The frequency response of the gain shows two different maximum values: gain G Lmax for a left-handed CP wave at frequency fGLmax and gain GRmax for a right-handed CP wave at frequency fGRmax, where GLmax is smaller than GRmax. In order to increase GLmax, while not affecting the original GRmax as much as possible (i.e. balance the gain), a parasitic natural conducting loop (paraloop), whose circumference is one free-space wavelength at fGLmax, is placed at height Hpara above the metaloop. It is found that the difference in the gains can be reduced by choosing an appropriate Hpara. The radiation pattern at fGLmax is narrowed by the paraloop, while the VSWR is not remarkably affected.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJAM/2018010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the exact solutions of electromagnetic boundary problems, analytical modeling of reflection of electromagnetic waves from nanometric perforated multilayers has been carried out. New features of operation of the multilayers including the substrate or layers of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials are established. Presence of the ENZ main layer or substrate leads to the quickly changing and extreme values of phase and module of amplitude reflection coefficients depending on the system parameters. The ENZ (or metallic for the thicker systems) substrate has a significant impact on the transformation of phase difference of the reflected waves. The detailed numerical analysis of the obtained results for the multilayers including silver or phase change materials (germanium antimony tellurium alloy, vanadium dioxide) components is performed. The considered reflection characteristics are reasonably “stable” to variation of the system parameters such as oblique incidence of the exciting radiation (for TE or TM polarization), possible presence of magnetic properties of the layers and effective electromagnetic anisotropy of the substrate material. The obtained results can be used to develop ultra-thin (with significantly subwavelength thicknesses) transformers of phase and amplitude of reflected radiation, holograms, metasurfaces and other nanophotonics applications.
{"title":"Features of reflection of electromagnetic waves from nanometric perforated multilayers including epsilon-near-zero metamaterials","authors":"E. Starodubtsev","doi":"10.1051/epjam/2019017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2019017","url":null,"abstract":"Using the exact solutions of electromagnetic boundary problems, analytical modeling of reflection of electromagnetic waves from nanometric perforated multilayers has been carried out. New features of operation of the multilayers including the substrate or layers of epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials are established. Presence of the ENZ main layer or substrate leads to the quickly changing and extreme values of phase and module of amplitude reflection coefficients depending on the system parameters. The ENZ (or metallic for the thicker systems) substrate has a significant impact on the transformation of phase difference of the reflected waves. The detailed numerical analysis of the obtained results for the multilayers including silver or phase change materials (germanium antimony tellurium alloy, vanadium dioxide) components is performed. The considered reflection characteristics are reasonably “stable” to variation of the system parameters such as oblique incidence of the exciting radiation (for TE or TM polarization), possible presence of magnetic properties of the layers and effective electromagnetic anisotropy of the substrate material. The obtained results can be used to develop ultra-thin (with significantly subwavelength thicknesses) transformers of phase and amplitude of reflected radiation, holograms, metasurfaces and other nanophotonics applications.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/epjam/2019017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we consider cube-shaped unit cells including high-ε dielectric cubes under magnetic dipole-like resonance placed at the center and metallic mesh wires for negative permittivity to construct three-dimensional quasi-isotropic metamaterials in the microwave region. Basically, such structures suffer from their low wave impedance due to inclusion of high-ε materials. To reduce effective permittivity of the composite structures, we propose to insert additional inductance into the metallic mesh. For the insertion of lumped inductors along the wires, dispersion diagram and the Bloch-impedance are numerically estimated, and converted to effective permittivity and permeability. The numerical simulation results clearly show almost 3-D isotropic propagation characteristics in a specific frequency region and enhancement of the Bloch-impedance close to free space in the left-handed region. The lumped inductors are replaced by meander-line strip patterns for practical configurations. The metallic patterned structures also achieve the enhanced Bloch impedance that is well-matched to free space.
{"title":"Enhancement of inductance along metallic mesh wires in three-dimensional quasi-isotropic metamaterials using high-ε dielectric particles for impedance-matching with free space","authors":"Takuya Yamaguchi, T. Ishiyama, T. Ueda, T. Itoh","doi":"10.1051/epjam/2019019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2019019","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider cube-shaped unit cells including high-ε dielectric cubes under magnetic dipole-like resonance placed at the center and metallic mesh wires for negative permittivity to construct three-dimensional quasi-isotropic metamaterials in the microwave region. Basically, such structures suffer from their low wave impedance due to inclusion of high-ε materials. To reduce effective permittivity of the composite structures, we propose to insert additional inductance into the metallic mesh. For the insertion of lumped inductors along the wires, dispersion diagram and the Bloch-impedance are numerically estimated, and converted to effective permittivity and permeability. The numerical simulation results clearly show almost 3-D isotropic propagation characteristics in a specific frequency region and enhancement of the Bloch-impedance close to free space in the left-handed region. The lumped inductors are replaced by meander-line strip patterns for practical configurations. The metallic patterned structures also achieve the enhanced Bloch impedance that is well-matched to free space.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/epjam/2019019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya Fan, Jiafu Wang, Xinmin Fu, Yongfeng Li, Y. Pang, Lin Zheng, Mingbao Yan, Jie-qiu Zhang, S. Qu
In this paper, recent developments of metamaterials and metasurfaces for RCS reduction are reviewed, including basic theory, working principle, design formula, and experimental verification. Super-thin cloaks mediated by metasurfaces can cloak objects with minor impacts on the original electromagnetic field distribution. RCS reduction can be achieved by reconfiguring scattering patterns using coding metasurfaces. Novel radar absorbing materials can be devised based on field enhancements of metamaterials. When combined with conventional radar absorbing materials, metamaterials can expand the bandwidth, enlarge the angular range, or reduce the weight. Future tendency and major challenges are also summarized.
{"title":"Recent developments of metamaterials/metasurfaces for RCS reduction","authors":"Ya Fan, Jiafu Wang, Xinmin Fu, Yongfeng Li, Y. Pang, Lin Zheng, Mingbao Yan, Jie-qiu Zhang, S. Qu","doi":"10.1051/EPJAM/2019008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJAM/2019008","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, recent developments of metamaterials and metasurfaces for RCS reduction are reviewed, including basic theory, working principle, design formula, and experimental verification. Super-thin cloaks mediated by metasurfaces can cloak objects with minor impacts on the original electromagnetic field distribution. RCS reduction can be achieved by reconfiguring scattering patterns using coding metasurfaces. Novel radar absorbing materials can be devised based on field enhancements of metamaterials. When combined with conventional radar absorbing materials, metamaterials can expand the bandwidth, enlarge the angular range, or reduce the weight. Future tendency and major challenges are also summarized.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJAM/2019008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An electronically beamscannable sinusoidally modulated reactance surface (SMRS) antenna and its design procedure are investigated. The antenna is composed of capacitively modulated reactance surface whose profile is a sinusoidally varying form. This configuration generates a radiating leaky wave and the antenna's radiation pattern including beam angle and beamwidth can be controlled with different parameters of the modulated surface reactance of the SMRS period. A beamscanning characteristic of the capacitively modulated SMRS antenna is shown with the design procedure and the simulated results. Designed antenna was simulated using commercial EM tool and the result was well matched with the calculated main beam direction verifying the validity of design method. About 33° of beamcanning range was obtained with the center radiating angle of 45° at 9 GHz. Designed antenna showed reasonable input matching and efficiencies within beamscanning range of the antenna.
{"title":"Electronically beamscannable sinusoidally modulated reactance surface antenna","authors":"Dooheon Yang, S. Nam","doi":"10.1051/EPJAM/2019011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/EPJAM/2019011","url":null,"abstract":"An electronically beamscannable sinusoidally modulated reactance surface (SMRS) antenna and its design procedure are investigated. The antenna is composed of capacitively modulated reactance surface whose profile is a sinusoidally varying form. This configuration generates a radiating leaky wave and the antenna's radiation pattern including beam angle and beamwidth can be controlled with different parameters of the modulated surface reactance of the SMRS period. A beamscanning characteristic of the capacitively modulated SMRS antenna is shown with the design procedure and the simulated results. Designed antenna was simulated using commercial EM tool and the result was well matched with the calculated main beam direction verifying the validity of design method. About 33° of beamcanning range was obtained with the center radiating angle of 45° at 9 GHz. Designed antenna showed reasonable input matching and efficiencies within beamscanning range of the antenna.","PeriodicalId":43689,"journal":{"name":"EPJ Applied Metamaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1051/EPJAM/2019011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57822719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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