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2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)最新文献

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Lifelong Learning in Sensor-Based Human Activity Recognition 基于传感器的人类活动识别的终身学习
Juan Ye
Sensor-based human activity recognition is to recognise users' current activities from a collection of sensor data in real time. This ability presents an unprecedented opportunity to many applications, and ambient assisted living (AAL) for elderly care is one of the most exciting examples. For example, from the meal preparation activities, we can derive the user's diet routine and detect any anomaly or decline in physical or cognitive condition, leading to immediate, appropriate change in their care plan. With the rapidly increasing ageing population and overstretched strains on our healthcare system, there is a rapidly growing need for industry in AAL. However, the complexity in real-world deployment is significantly challenging current sensor-based human activity recognition, including the inherent imperfect nature of sensing technologies, constant change in activity routines, and unpredictability of situations or events occurring in an environment. Such complexity can result in decreased accuracies in recognising activities over time and further a degradation of the performance of an AAL system. The state-of-the-art methodology in studying human activity recognition is cultivated from short-term lab or testbed experimentation, i.e., relying on well-annotated sensor data and assuming no change in activity models, which is no longer suitable for long-term, large-scale, real-world deployment. This creates a need for an activity recognition system capable of embedding the means of automatic adaptation to changes, i.e., lifelong learning. This talk will discuss new challenges and opportunities in lifelong learning in human activity recognition, with particular focus on transfer learning on activity labels across heterogeneous datasets.
基于传感器的人体活动识别是从传感器数据中实时识别用户当前的活动。这种能力为许多应用提供了前所未有的机会,老年人护理的环境辅助生活(AAL)是最令人兴奋的例子之一。例如,从膳食准备活动中,我们可以得出用户的饮食习惯,并发现任何身体或认知状况的异常或下降,从而立即适当地改变他们的护理计划。随着老龄化人口的迅速增加和医疗保健系统的过度紧张,对AAL行业的需求迅速增长。然而,现实世界部署的复杂性极大地挑战了当前基于传感器的人类活动识别,包括传感技术固有的不完美性质、活动常规的不断变化以及环境中发生的情况或事件的不可预测性。随着时间的推移,这种复杂性会导致识别活动的准确性下降,并进一步降低AAL系统的性能。研究人类活动识别的最先进的方法是从短期的实验室或试验台实验中培养出来的,即依赖于良好注释的传感器数据,并假设活动模型没有变化,这不再适合长期、大规模、现实世界的部署。这就需要一个能够嵌入自动适应变化的手段的活动识别系统,即终身学习。本次演讲将讨论人类活动识别中终身学习的新挑战和机遇,特别关注跨异构数据集的活动标签迁移学习。
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引用次数: 13
A Novel Input Set for LSTM-Based Transport Mode Detection 一种新的基于lstm的传输模式检测输入集
Güven Aşçı, M. A. Güvensan
The capability of mobile phones are increasing with the development of hardware and software technology. Especially sensors on smartphones enable to collect environmental and personal information. Thus, with the help of smartphones, human activity recognition and transport mode detection (TMD) become the main research areas in the last decade. This study aims to introduce a novel input set for daily activities mainly for transportation modes in order to increase the detection rate. In this study, the frame-based novel input set consisting of time-domain and frequency-domain features is fed to LSTM network. Thus, the classification ratio on HTC public dataset for 10 different transportation modes is climbed up to 97% which is 2% more than the state-of-the-art method in the literature.
随着硬件和软件技术的发展,手机的功能也在不断增强。特别是智能手机上的传感器可以收集环境和个人信息。因此,在智能手机的帮助下,人体活动识别和运输模式检测(TMD)成为近十年来的主要研究领域。本研究旨在引入一种新颖的日常活动输入集,主要针对交通方式,以提高检测率。在本研究中,将基于帧的由时域和频域特征组成的新输入集馈入LSTM网络。因此,在HTC公共数据集上对10种不同交通方式的分类比率攀升至97%,比文献中最先进的方法高出2%。
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引用次数: 15
Human Activity Recognition in Smart-Home Environments for Health-Care Applications 用于医疗保健应用的智能家居环境中的人类活动识别
Gabriele Civitarese
With a growing population of elderly people, the number of subjects at risk of cognitive disorders is rapidly increasing. Many research groups are studying pervasive solutions to continuously and unobtrusively monitor fragile subjects in their homes. Clinicians are interested in monitoring several behavioral aspects for a wide variety of applications: early diagnosis, emergency monitoring, assessment of cognitive disorders, etcetera. Among the several behavioral aspects of interest, anomalous behaviors while performing activities of daily living (ADLs) are of great importance. Indeed, these anomalies can be indicators of cognitive decline. The recognition of such abnormal behaviors relies on robust and accurate ADLs recognition systems. Moreover, in order to enable unobtrusive and privacy-aware monitoring, environmental sensors in charge of unobtrusively capturing the interaction of the subject with the home infrastructure should be preferred. This talk presents our latest research efforts on these topics. In particular, the talk will cover: a) novel unobtrusive sensing solutions, b) hybrid ADLs recognition methods and c) techniques to detect abnormal behaviors at a fine granularity. We will discuss those challenges reporting our experience and identifying critical aspects which still need to be investigated.
随着老年人口的增长,有认知障碍风险的受试者数量正在迅速增加。许多研究小组正在研究普遍的解决方案,以持续而不引人注目地监控家中脆弱的受试者。临床医生感兴趣的是监测几个行为方面的广泛应用:早期诊断,紧急监测,评估认知障碍,等等。在关注的几个行为方面中,日常生活活动中的异常行为(ADLs)非常重要。事实上,这些异常可能是认知能力下降的指标。这种异常行为的识别依赖于鲁棒性和准确性的adl识别系统。此外,为了实现不引人注目和隐私敏感的监控,应该优先考虑负责不引人注目地捕捉主体与家庭基础设施的互动的环境传感器。这次演讲将介绍我们在这些主题上的最新研究成果。特别是,演讲将涵盖:a)新颖的不引人注目的传感解决方案,b)混合adl识别方法和c)在细粒度上检测异常行为的技术。我们将讨论这些挑战,报告我们的经验,并确定仍需要调查的关键方面。
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引用次数: 5
Probabilistic Analysis of Abnormal Behaviour Detection in Activities of Daily Living 日常生活活动异常行为检测的概率分析
M. Garcia-Constantino, A. Konios, Idongesit Ekerete, S. Christopoulos, Colin Shewell, C. Nugent, Gareth Morrison
This paper presents a probabilistic approach for the identification of abnormal behaviour in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) from sensor data collected from 30 participants. The ADLs considered are: (i) preparing and drinking tea, and (ii) preparing and drinking coffee. Abnormal behaviour identified in the context of these activities can be an indicator of a progressive health problem or the occurrence of a hazardous incident. The approach presented considers the temporal aspect of the sequences of actions that are part of each ADL and that vary between participants. The average and standard deviation for the durations of each action were calculated to define an average time and a range in which a behaviour could be considered as normal for each stage and activity. The Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) was used to obtain the probabilities of abnormal behaviours related to the early and late completion of activities and stages within an activity. The data analysis show that CDF can provide accurate and reliable results regarding the presence of abnormal behaviour in stages and activities that last over a minute. Finally, this approach could be used to train machine learning algorithms for the abnormal behaviour detection.
本文提出了一种从30名参与者收集的传感器数据中识别日常生活活动(ADLs)异常行为的概率方法。考虑的adl是:(i)准备和饮用茶,以及(ii)准备和饮用咖啡。在这些活动中发现的异常行为可作为健康问题逐渐恶化或发生危险事件的指标。提出的方法考虑了动作序列的时间方面,这些动作序列是每个ADL的一部分,并且在参与者之间有所不同。计算每个行动持续时间的平均值和标准偏差,以确定每个阶段和活动的行为可被视为正常的平均时间和范围。累积分布函数(CDF)用于获得与活动的早期和晚期完成相关的异常行为的概率。数据分析表明,CDF可以提供准确、可靠的结果,以确定阶段和活动中是否存在持续一分钟以上的异常行为。最后,该方法可用于训练用于异常行为检测的机器学习算法。
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引用次数: 10
Towards a Sustainable Ecosystem of Intelligent Transportation Systems 迈向可持续的智能交通系统生态系统
Lewis Tseng, Liwen Wong
It is difficult to overstate how large a role Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technology has played in advancing safety, mobility, and productivity in our daily lives. ITS encompasses a broad range of technologies, including information and communication technologies, transportation and communication infrastructures, connected vehicles, and emerging technologies such as Internet-of-Things (IoT). It has been studied extensively in many different disciplines, including transportation, communication, database and management communities. Unfortunately, there are still many unsolved challenges that hinder the large deployment of advanced ITS systems. Recent studies have proposed using Blockchain, an emerging technology that enables decentralized coordination, to address inherent challenges in ITS such as security and scalability. However, these studies did not address a key question: how can we achieve a sustainable ITS ecosystem? This paper presents our preliminary study where we first point out the limitations of prior Blockchain-based ITS systems and then outline an architecture to support a sustainable ITS ecosystem. Our main goal is to stimulate further effort and cross-disciplinary collaboration by providing guidance and reference for future studies.
智能交通系统(ITS)技术在提高我们日常生活的安全性、机动性和生产力方面发挥了多么重要的作用,这一点怎么强调都不为过。智能交通系统涵盖了广泛的技术,包括信息和通信技术、交通和通信基础设施、互联汽车以及物联网(IoT)等新兴技术。它已经在许多不同的学科中得到了广泛的研究,包括交通、通信、数据库和管理社区。不幸的是,仍有许多未解决的挑战阻碍了先进ITS系统的大规模部署。最近的研究建议使用区块链,这是一种新兴的技术,可以实现分散的协调,以解决ITS中固有的挑战,如安全性和可扩展性。然而,这些研究没有解决一个关键问题:我们如何才能实现可持续的智能交通系统生态系统?本文介绍了我们的初步研究,我们首先指出了先前基于区块链的ITS系统的局限性,然后概述了支持可持续ITS生态系统的架构。我们的主要目标是通过为未来的研究提供指导和参考,促进进一步的努力和跨学科合作。
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引用次数: 4
PerPersuasion'19: PerPersuasion'19 – 1st International Workshop on Pervasive Persuasive System for Behavior Change - Program PerPersuasion'19: PerPersuasion'19 -第一届行为改变的普遍说服系统国际研讨会-程序
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引用次数: 0
Wrist-Worn Capacitive Sensor for Activity and Physical Collaboration Recognition 用于活动和物理协作识别的腕带电容式传感器
Sizhen Bian, V. F. Rey, Junaid Younas, P. Lukowicz
Given the wide and increasing popularity of smart-watches, the wrist is a compelling location for placing sensors. On the other hand, only specific information such as hand/arm motions and selected physiological signals are readily available at the wrist. In this paper, we explore a novel wrist-worn sensing approach that allows information not typically associated with the wrist or the arm to be acquired by exploring the ubiquitous near-field electric phenomena. We first introduce the design of an ultra-low power near-field electric field sensing prototype, which is able to sense $uV$ level potential variation caused by disturbance or movement of the human body in an environment. Then we demonstrate how our prototype can detect motions of various body parts beyond the wrist, such as touch and proximity between users and objects. Finally, a use case related to a collaborative work by two people is recorded by deploying our prototypes both at surrounding objects and on wrists, presenting the feasibility of collaborative work monitoring by sensing the variation of the near field electric field.
鉴于智能手表的广泛普及和日益普及,手腕是放置传感器的一个引人注目的位置。另一方面,只有特定的信息,如手/手臂的运动和选定的生理信号,可以在手腕上随时获得。在本文中,我们探索了一种新颖的腕戴式传感方法,该方法允许通过探索无处不在的近场电现象来获取通常与手腕或手臂无关的信息。本文首先介绍了一种超低功耗近场电场传感样机的设计,该样机能够感知环境中人体受到干扰或运动引起的uV级电位变化。然后,我们演示了我们的原型如何检测手腕以外的各种身体部位的运动,例如触摸和用户与物体之间的接近。最后,通过在周围物体和手腕上部署我们的原型,记录了一个与两个人协作工作相关的用例,通过感知近场电场的变化来展示协作工作监控的可行性。
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引用次数: 16
Anatomy and Deployment of Robust AI-Centric Indoor Positioning System 鲁棒ai中心室内定位系统的剖析与部署
Yiannis Gkoufas, S. Braghin
Indoor Positioning Systems are gaining market momentum, mainly due to the significant reduction of sensor cost (on smartphones or standalone) and leveraging standardization of related technology. Among various alternatives for accurate and cost-effective Indoor Positioning System, positioning based on the Magnetic Field has proven popular, as it does not require specialized infrastructure. Related experimental results have demonstrated good positioning accuracy. However, when transitioned to production deployments, these systems exhibit serious drawbacks to make them practical: a) accuracy fluctuates significantly across smartphone models and configurations and b) costly continuous manual fingerprinting of the area is required. The developed Indoor Positioning System Copernicus is a self-learning, adaptive system that is shown to exhibit improved accuracy across different smartphone models. Copernicus leverages a minimal deployment of Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons to infer the trips of users, learn and eventually build tailored Magnetic Maps for every smartphone model for the specific indoor area. In a practical deployment, after each trip execution by the users we can observe an increase in the accuracy of positioning.
室内定位系统正在获得市场动力,主要是由于传感器成本的显着降低(智能手机或独立)以及利用相关技术的标准化。在各种精确且具有成本效益的室内定位系统中,基于磁场的定位已被证明是受欢迎的,因为它不需要专门的基础设施。相关实验结果表明,该系统具有良好的定位精度。然而,当过渡到生产部署时,这些系统显示出严重的缺点,使其难以实现:a)智能手机型号和配置的准确性波动很大;b)需要昂贵的连续手动指纹识别区域。哥白尼室内定位系统是一种自我学习、自适应的系统,在不同的智能手机型号上显示出更高的准确性。哥白尼利用蓝牙低能量信标的最小部署来推断用户的行程,学习并最终为特定室内区域的每种智能手机型号构建量身定制的磁地图。在实际部署中,用户每次执行行程后,我们都可以观察到定位精度的提高。
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引用次数: 3
Robust Health Score Prediction from Pyro-Sensor Activity Data based on Greedy Feature Selection 基于贪婪特征选择的热传感器活动数据鲁棒健康评分预测
M. Shimosaka, Qiyang Zhang, Kazunari Takeichi
Automated activity assessment using IoT/smartphone sensors becomes great popular in ubiquitous computing research community recent year thanks to the enhancement of mobility and IoT sensing. In these researches, owing to the great success of statistical machine learning technique called Lasso, the work offers the interpretability of the model. However, in some sparse feature condition, Lasso as a $l_{1}$ regression method could not give a satisfying result for prediction precision and feature selection. In this paper, we propose a new prediction scheme using greedy feature selection method which is expected to be effective under large scale feature in limited number of dataset. With the help of the new scheme, we could solve the overfitting problem when using $l_{1}$ regression as well as giving satisfying prediction result. Experimental results using longitudinal pyro-sensor dataset of health score of elderly people show that our new scheme offers better interpretability as well as achieves better prediction accuracy compared with Lasso
近年来,由于移动性和物联网传感的增强,使用物联网/智能手机传感器的自动活动评估在普适计算研究界变得非常流行。在这些研究中,由于被称为Lasso的统计机器学习技术的巨大成功,这项工作提供了模型的可解释性。然而,在某些稀疏特征条件下,Lasso作为一种$l_{1}$回归方法在预测精度和特征选择上不能给出令人满意的结果。本文提出了一种新的基于贪婪特征选择方法的预测方案,该方案有望在有限数量的数据集中有效地处理大规模特征。在此基础上,解决了使用$l_ bb_0 $回归时的过拟合问题,并给出了令人满意的预测结果。利用老年人健康评分纵向热传感器数据集进行的实验结果表明,与Lasso相比,新方案具有更好的可解释性和更好的预测精度
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引用次数: 0
UNAGI'19 - Workshop on UNmanned aerial vehicle Applications in the Smart City: from Guidance technology to enhanced system Interaction - Welcome and Committees UNAGI'19 -无人机在智慧城市中的应用研讨会:从引导技术到增强系统交互-欢迎和委员会
A. Bernardos, Jesús García, Hideo Saito, P. Marti
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)
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