Pub Date : 2015-02-28DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2015.25.1.097
Sun-Hyun Park, Su-gon Lee, Boyk-Kyu Lee, Cheehwan Kim
We must precisely investigate the mechanical characters of rock to design rock slope safely and efficiently. But the method of clinometer has some disadvantages. So, we need a new measurement that can replace the method of clinometer. In this study, we analyze the reliability of joint orientation measurements in rock slope using the 3D laser scanner and program Split-FX that is a point cloud data analysis software. We could acquire the 495 pieces joint data through the automatic extraction of features. And we confirmed that there were some errors occurred with ±4° of dip and ±5° of dip direction. Generally, the method of clinometer has ±5° and ±10° error ranges of the joint orientation(dip/dip direction) that are the results of the advance research. Therefore, we analyzed the method of 3D laser scanner, and it is found to be efficient, reliable. This method is expected to mend the disadvantages of Clinometer method.
{"title":"A Study on Reliability of Joint Orientation Measurements in Rock Slope using 3D Laser Scanner","authors":"Sun-Hyun Park, Su-gon Lee, Boyk-Kyu Lee, Cheehwan Kim","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2015.25.1.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2015.25.1.097","url":null,"abstract":"We must precisely investigate the mechanical characters of rock to design rock slope safely and efficiently. But the method of clinometer has some disadvantages. So, we need a new measurement that can replace the method of clinometer. In this study, we analyze the reliability of joint orientation measurements in rock slope using the 3D laser scanner and program Split-FX that is a point cloud data analysis software. We could acquire the 495 pieces joint data through the automatic extraction of features. And we confirmed that there were some errors occurred with ±4° of dip and ±5° of dip direction. Generally, the method of clinometer has ±5° and ±10° error ranges of the joint orientation(dip/dip direction) that are the results of the advance research. Therefore, we analyzed the method of 3D laser scanner, and it is found to be efficient, reliable. This method is expected to mend the disadvantages of Clinometer method.","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"32 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134504674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.440
H. Mun, Sungryul Shin, Jong-Se Lim, Woo Keen Jeong, Won-Yil Jang
Abstract Hydraulic fracturing technique has been applied in various fields in order to improve the recovery of energy resources such as gas, oil and geothermal energy and research about finding out hydraulic fracturing mechanism and application has been steadily proceeded. In this study, for effective hydraulic fracturing, a scale modeling was progressed to simulate similarly with the actual site. In order to analyze the development aspect of surface crack initiation pressure during hydraulic fracturing followed by different conditions, the number of guide holes hydraulic fracturing test was carried out by setting up a hydraulic fracturing test equipment. Also, through the result, we tried to derive reliable results by comparing and analyzing the value of numerical modeling which is obtained based on the physical properties and mechanical properties with 3DEC, a three-dimensional discrete element method program. As a result, it is considered possible to generate effective crack using the guide hole
{"title":"A Study on the Model for Effective Hydraulic Fracturing by Using Guide Hole","authors":"H. Mun, Sungryul Shin, Jong-Se Lim, Woo Keen Jeong, Won-Yil Jang","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.440","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hydraulic fracturing technique has been applied in various fields in order to improve the recovery of energy resources such as gas, oil and geothermal energy and research about finding out hydraulic fracturing mechanism and application has been steadily proceeded. In this study, for effective hydraulic fracturing, a scale modeling was progressed to simulate similarly with the actual site. In order to analyze the development aspect of surface crack initiation pressure during hydraulic fracturing followed by different conditions, the number of guide holes hydraulic fracturing test was carried out by setting up a hydraulic fracturing test equipment. Also, through the result, we tried to derive reliable results by comparing and analyzing the value of numerical modeling which is obtained based on the physical properties and mechanical properties with 3DEC, a three-dimensional discrete element method program. As a result, it is considered possible to generate effective crack using the guide hole","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122303585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.405
Jae Owan Lee, Y. Choi, Jin-Seop Kim, H. Choi
Abstract I n a high-level waste repository, the gap fill of the engineered barrier is an important component that influences the performance of the buffer and backfill. This paper reviewed the overseas status of RD blowing through the use of shotcrete technology and auger placement and compaction techniques have been used in the gap of horizontal deposition hole and tunnel. However, these emplacement techniques are still technically at the beginning stage, and thus additional research and development are expected to be needed.
{"title":"R&D Review on the Gap Fill of an Engineered Barrier for an HLW Repository","authors":"Jae Owan Lee, Y. Choi, Jin-Seop Kim, H. Choi","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.405","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract I n a high-level waste repository, the gap fill of the engineered barrier is an important component that influences the performance of the buffer and backfill. This paper reviewed the overseas status of RD blowing through the use of shotcrete technology and auger placement and compaction techniques have been used in the gap of horizontal deposition hole and tunnel. However, these emplacement techniques are still technically at the beginning stage, and thus additional research and development are expected to be needed.","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115155948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.449
I. Yang, Dongju Shin, Byungha Yoon, Jinho Mok, Hak-Sung Kim, Sang-eun Lee
Abstract There are many case studies and application cases in abandoned mines for hydraulic filling method filled by slurry or paste form, but research on the pneumatic filling is not applied in Korea. The damage of steel pipe is occurred by wear due to the flow of filling material in the bent area of steel pipe in traditional pneumatic filling method. In this study, the new pneumatic filling method was developed using a newly devised improved nozzle to improve the above problem. The model test for mine filling was performed in the laboratory for the simulated accessible or inaccessible mine cavities, and the filling efficiency by the results obtained from the test was calculated. The filling efficiency was analyzed from the variation of outlet angle, feed rate and grain size of sand in model test of simulated accessible mine cavity. The superiority of improved pneumatic filling method was proved through the analysis of filling efficiency by the results obtained from each model tests of gravitational, traditional, and improved filling method in simulated inaccessible mine cavity.
{"title":"A Study on the Model Test for Pneumatic Mine-Filling","authors":"I. Yang, Dongju Shin, Byungha Yoon, Jinho Mok, Hak-Sung Kim, Sang-eun Lee","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.449","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are many case studies and application cases in abandoned mines for hydraulic filling method filled by slurry or paste form, but research on the pneumatic filling is not applied in Korea. The damage of steel pipe is occurred by wear due to the flow of filling material in the bent area of steel pipe in traditional pneumatic filling method. In this study, the new pneumatic filling method was developed using a newly devised improved nozzle to improve the above problem. The model test for mine filling was performed in the laboratory for the simulated accessible or inaccessible mine cavities, and the filling efficiency by the results obtained from the test was calculated. The filling efficiency was analyzed from the variation of outlet angle, feed rate and grain size of sand in model test of simulated accessible mine cavity. The superiority of improved pneumatic filling method was proved through the analysis of filling efficiency by the results obtained from each model tests of gravitational, traditional, and improved filling method in simulated inaccessible mine cavity.","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"251 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114077263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.418
Chung-In Lee, K. Min, Kwang-Il Kim
Induced seismicity related to four energy development technologies that involve fluid injection or withdrawal: geothermal energy, conventional oil and gas development including enhanced oil recovery (EOR), shale gas recovery, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) is reviewed by literature investigation. The largest induced seismic events reported in the technical literature are associated with projects that did not balance the large volume of fluids injected into, or extracted from the underground reservoir. A statistical observation shows that the net volume of fluid injected and/or extracted may serve as a proxy for changes in subsurface stress conditions and pore pressure, and other factors. Energy technology projects that are designed to maintain a balance between the amount of fluid being injected and the amount of fluid being withdrawn, such as geothermal and most oil and gas development, may produce fewer induced seismic events than technologies that do not maintain fluid balance, such as long-term wastewater disposal wells and CCS projects.
{"title":"Case Study on Induced Seismicity during the Injection of Fluid Related to Energy Development Technologies","authors":"Chung-In Lee, K. Min, Kwang-Il Kim","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.418","url":null,"abstract":"Induced seismicity related to four energy development technologies that involve fluid injection or withdrawal: geothermal energy, conventional oil and gas development including enhanced oil recovery (EOR), shale gas recovery, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) is reviewed by literature investigation. The largest induced seismic events reported in the technical literature are associated with projects that did not balance the large volume of fluids injected into, or extracted from the underground reservoir. A statistical observation shows that the net volume of fluid injected and/or extracted may serve as a proxy for changes in subsurface stress conditions and pore pressure, and other factors. Energy technology projects that are designed to maintain a balance between the amount of fluid being injected and the amount of fluid being withdrawn, such as geothermal and most oil and gas development, may produce fewer induced seismic events than technologies that do not maintain fluid balance, such as long-term wastewater disposal wells and CCS projects.","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131103921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.430
Sebeom Park, Yosoon Choi, Han-Su Park
Abstract This study developed a simulation program for truck-loader haulage systems in an underground mine. A limestone underground mine in Korea was selected as a study area and investigated to design the simulation algorithm for truck-loader haulage systems. GPSS/H simulation language was utilized to develop the simulation program. Simulations were conducted to analyze the optimal number of haulage trucks dispatched in the 540 ML loading point by using the developed program. The simulation results showed that 8 trucks can maximize the daily production (2,076 ton). The real production (1,850 ton/day) of limestone ores was very similar to the simulated one (1,850.35 ton/day) when considers 7 trucks dispatched in the 540 ML loading point. In addition, average waiting time at loader were similar (waiting time by time study : 1.39 min, simulated waiting time : 1.35 min). Key words Underground Mine, Truck, Loader, Simulation, GPSS/H초 록 본 연구에서는 지하광산의 트럭-로더 운반시스템의 시뮬레이션을 수행할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하였다 . 국내 석회석 지하광산 현장을 연구지역으로 설정하여 생산현장의 트럭 -로더 운반 시스템에 대해 조사하고 , 이를 바탕으로 시뮬레이션 알고리즘을 설계하였다. 트럭-로더 운반 시스템의 시뮬레이션 프로그램은 GPSS/H 시뮬레이션 언어를 이용하여 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램에 현장조사를 통해 측정한 시뮬레이션 인자 값들을 입력하여 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과 연구지역의 540 ML(540갱) 적재지점에는 8대의 트럭을 투입하는 것이 하루 생산량을 2,076 ton으로 최대화할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다 . 시뮬레이션 프로그램의 검증을 위해 실제 현장의 작업상황과 동일하게 540 ML 작업장에 7대의 트럭을 투입하는 것으로 가정하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다 . 그 결과 실제 광석 생산량(1,850 ton/day)과 시뮬레이션을 통해 예측된 광석 생산량 (1,850.35 ton/day)이 매우 유사하게 나타났으며, 적재지점의 로더에서 평균 대기시간도 유사하게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다 (실제 측정한 대기시간 : 1.39 분, 시뮬레이션 결과 : 1.35 분).핵심어 지하광산, 트럭, 로더, 시뮬레이션, GPSS/H
{"title":"Simulation of Truck-Loader Haulage Systems in an Underground Mine using GPSS/H","authors":"Sebeom Park, Yosoon Choi, Han-Su Park","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.430","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study developed a simulation program for truck-loader haulage systems in an underground mine. A limestone underground mine in Korea was selected as a study area and investigated to design the simulation algorithm for truck-loader haulage systems. GPSS/H simulation language was utilized to develop the simulation program. Simulations were conducted to analyze the optimal number of haulage trucks dispatched in the 540 ML loading point by using the developed program. The simulation results showed that 8 trucks can maximize the daily production (2,076 ton). The real production (1,850 ton/day) of limestone ores was very similar to the simulated one (1,850.35 ton/day) when considers 7 trucks dispatched in the 540 ML loading point. In addition, average waiting time at loader were similar (waiting time by time study : 1.39 min, simulated waiting time : 1.35 min). Key words Underground Mine, Truck, Loader, Simulation, GPSS/H초 록 본 연구에서는 지하광산의 트럭-로더 운반시스템의 시뮬레이션을 수행할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하였다 . 국내 석회석 지하광산 현장을 연구지역으로 설정하여 생산현장의 트럭 -로더 운반 시스템에 대해 조사하고 , 이를 바탕으로 시뮬레이션 알고리즘을 설계하였다. 트럭-로더 운반 시스템의 시뮬레이션 프로그램은 GPSS/H 시뮬레이션 언어를 이용하여 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램에 현장조사를 통해 측정한 시뮬레이션 인자 값들을 입력하여 시뮬레이션을 수행한 결과 연구지역의 540 ML(540갱) 적재지점에는 8대의 트럭을 투입하는 것이 하루 생산량을 2,076 ton으로 최대화할 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다 . 시뮬레이션 프로그램의 검증을 위해 실제 현장의 작업상황과 동일하게 540 ML 작업장에 7대의 트럭을 투입하는 것으로 가정하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다 . 그 결과 실제 광석 생산량(1,850 ton/day)과 시뮬레이션을 통해 예측된 광석 생산량 (1,850.35 ton/day)이 매우 유사하게 나타났으며, 적재지점의 로더에서 평균 대기시간도 유사하게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다 (실제 측정한 대기시간 : 1.39 분, 시뮬레이션 결과 : 1.35 분).핵심어 지하광산, 트럭, 로더, 시뮬레이션, GPSS/H","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130776030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-31DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.464
Chang-Woo Lee, Vanduc Nguyen
In large-opening room-and-pillar mining sites, particularly without the devices for the ventilation control, the airflow pattern created by the local fan operation is too complicated to quantify and also shows low ventilation efficiency. This study aims at performing a series of CFD analysis for the so-called venturi effects of the local fans; the effects of increasing airflow rate along the axis downstream of fan resulting from increased kinetic energy and subsequently decreased static pressure in the downstream. Effects of the fan type and installation height are compared. 1 vane-axial fan and 2 propeller fans are analyzed for their venturi effects, while the vane-axial fan was installed at the height of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0m for comparison. The results can be applied to improve the economy and efficiency of local fans for securing better air quality and work environment management.
{"title":"Venturi Effects Induced by the Local Ventilation Fan in Large-Opening Room-and-Pillar Mining Sites","authors":"Chang-Woo Lee, Vanduc Nguyen","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.6.464","url":null,"abstract":"In large-opening room-and-pillar mining sites, particularly without the devices for the ventilation control, the airflow pattern created by the local fan operation is too complicated to quantify and also shows low ventilation efficiency. This study aims at performing a series of CFD analysis for the so-called venturi effects of the local fans; the effects of increasing airflow rate along the axis downstream of fan resulting from increased kinetic energy and subsequently decreased static pressure in the downstream. Effects of the fan type and installation height are compared. 1 vane-axial fan and 2 propeller fans are analyzed for their venturi effects, while the vane-axial fan was installed at the height of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0m for comparison. The results can be applied to improve the economy and efficiency of local fans for securing better air quality and work environment management.","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133909364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-31DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.344
Jae-Gi Kang, Hyung-sik Yang, S. Jang
Abstract In this study, the behavior of rock pillar in the diverging area of road tunnel was assessed by using a three dimensional numerical analysis. Based on parameters affecting the behavior of rock pillar, different safety factors according to pillar width, depth and rock conditions were evaluated. It turned out that as the pillar width increases, the change curve of safety factors in accordance with depth and rock conditions shows more of the nonlinear behavior. By the assessment of the minimum safety factor, a safety factor chart on the behavior of rock pillar in the diverging area of road tunnel was suggested. Key words Tunnel diverging area, Rock pillar, Safety factor chart초 록 본 연구에서는 도로터널 분기부 암반 필라의 거동을 3차원 수치해석 방법으로 검토하였다 . 암반 필라의 거동에 영향을 미치는 매개변수로 암반 필라의 이격거리 , 토피고, 암반등급 변화에 따른 안전율을 평가하였다 . 필라의 이격거리가 증가할수록 토피고와 암반등급에 따른 안전율 변화 곡선은 비선형 거동을 보였으며 , 도로터널 분기부에서 암반 필라의 거동 특성을 최소 안전율을 기준으로 안전율 도표로서 제안하였다 .핵심어 터널 분기부, 암반 필라, 안전율 도표 1. 서 론 최근 국토교통부에서 검토하고 있는 대심도 지하도로망 구축사업인 서울시의 U-Smartway 사업이 발표되면서, 도심지의 대심도 지하공간을 활용한 대규모 터널 건설에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 포화상태에 다다르고 있는 대도시의 천층 및 중층 지하공간 이외에 대심도의 지하공간을 활용함으로써 사업비의 상당 부분을 차지하는 용지보상비를 최소화하겠다는 개념이다 .도심지 상습 지․정체 해소를 위한 지하도로 노선 계획 시 교통량 분산을 위하여 유출 (분류, diverging) 및 유입(합류, merging)부를 터널 내에 설치하여 인터체인지(IC) 역할을 담당하게 하고 있다. 해외에서는 선진국을 중심으로 대도시의 교통체증을 해소함과 동시에 지상 녹지공간을 확보하기 위해 다양한 도심지 지하도로의 건설을 활발히 진행하고 있다 . 대표적인 사례로 미국 보스턴의 Big Dig 프로젝트, 프랑스 파리의 A86, 스페인 마드리드의 M30 등을 들 수 있다(장수호 등, 2009).터널 내 분기부의 지반 및 터널 상호간의 거동은 단선터널과는 상이하며, 병설터널의 안정성과 직접적인 관련이 있는 터널 중심간격 (C.T.C)이 무엇보다 중요한 검토요건인 만큼 필라(pillar)의 안정성 검토에 대한 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다 . 터널 내 분기부의 설계 시 필라의 폭은 분류 및 합류되는 각도와 상관성을 가지며, 이에 따라 도로의 선형 , 공사비, 주행성, 시공성 등에 커다란 영향을 미치고 있다 .본 연구에서는 도로터널 분기부를 대상으로 암반 필라의 거동에 대한 연구를 수행하였다 .
behavior of rock pillar In the diverging area of road tunnel was assessed by using a three dimensional numerical analysis。parameters affecting the behavior of rock pillar, different safety factors according to pillar width, depth and rock conditions were evaluated。It turned out that as the pillar width increases, the change curve of safety factors in accordance with depth and rock conditions shows more of the nonlinear behavior。By the assessment of the minimum safety factor, a safety factor chart on the behavior of rock pillar in the diverging area of road tunnel was suggested。“Key words Tunnel diverging area”、“Rock pillar”、“Safety factor chart超绿本研究”用三维数值解释方法研究了公路隧道分岔岩床的行为。作为影响岩盘皮拉行为的参数，评价岩盘皮拉的离距离、土皮皮、岩盘等级变化的安全率。普拉的越格距离增加,土与被告岩层等级带来的安全率变化曲线非线性表现出了行动,在도로터널季度部岩层普拉的行动特点,至少安全率为标准,安全作为提案的图表。核心部,岩层隧道季度普拉,安全率图表1。▽西论=随着最近国土交通部正在讨论的大心岛地下通道网络构筑事业——首尔市的U-Smartway事业被发表，对利用城市中心地的大心岛地下空间的大规模隧道建设的关注正在增大。接近饱和的大城市的千层和中层,利用地下空间以外,大深度的地下空间,使事业费用占相当部分的用地补偿费将最小化的概念。市中心旨在消除习惯性不·政体的地下道路路线计划时交通量为分散泄露(分类、及流入(加入diverging)merging)部会设置在隧道内，起到立交桥(IC)的作用。在海外，以发达国家为中心，在解除大城市交通堵塞的同时，为了确保地面绿地空间，正在积极进行多种城市中心地下通道的建设。代表性的事例有美国波士顿的Big Dig计划、法国巴黎的A86、西班牙马德里的M30等(张秀浩等，2009)。隧道内分段的地基及隧道相互间的行为与单线隧道不同，与并设隧道的稳定性有直接关系的隧道中心间隔(c.t.c)是最重要的研究条件，因此有必要对pillar的稳定性进行研究。隧道内季度分类部的设计点普拉的宽度以及加入的角度和具有相关性,因此,公路的线性,工程费,行驶,施工性等影响着很大。在本研究中对도로터널季度部为对象,岩层普拉完成对行动的研究。
{"title":"Stability Analysis of Rock Pillar in the Diverging Area of Road Tunnel","authors":"Jae-Gi Kang, Hyung-sik Yang, S. Jang","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.344","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, the behavior of rock pillar in the diverging area of road tunnel was assessed by using a three dimensional numerical analysis. Based on parameters affecting the behavior of rock pillar, different safety factors according to pillar width, depth and rock conditions were evaluated. It turned out that as the pillar width increases, the change curve of safety factors in accordance with depth and rock conditions shows more of the nonlinear behavior. By the assessment of the minimum safety factor, a safety factor chart on the behavior of rock pillar in the diverging area of road tunnel was suggested. Key words Tunnel diverging area, Rock pillar, Safety factor chart초 록 본 연구에서는 도로터널 분기부 암반 필라의 거동을 3차원 수치해석 방법으로 검토하였다 . 암반 필라의 거동에 영향을 미치는 매개변수로 암반 필라의 이격거리 , 토피고, 암반등급 변화에 따른 안전율을 평가하였다 . 필라의 이격거리가 증가할수록 토피고와 암반등급에 따른 안전율 변화 곡선은 비선형 거동을 보였으며 , 도로터널 분기부에서 암반 필라의 거동 특성을 최소 안전율을 기준으로 안전율 도표로서 제안하였다 .핵심어 터널 분기부, 암반 필라, 안전율 도표 1. 서 론 최근 국토교통부에서 검토하고 있는 대심도 지하도로망 구축사업인 서울시의 U-Smartway 사업이 발표되면서, 도심지의 대심도 지하공간을 활용한 대규모 터널 건설에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 포화상태에 다다르고 있는 대도시의 천층 및 중층 지하공간 이외에 대심도의 지하공간을 활용함으로써 사업비의 상당 부분을 차지하는 용지보상비를 최소화하겠다는 개념이다 .도심지 상습 지․정체 해소를 위한 지하도로 노선 계획 시 교통량 분산을 위하여 유출 (분류, diverging) 및 유입(합류, merging)부를 터널 내에 설치하여 인터체인지(IC) 역할을 담당하게 하고 있다. 해외에서는 선진국을 중심으로 대도시의 교통체증을 해소함과 동시에 지상 녹지공간을 확보하기 위해 다양한 도심지 지하도로의 건설을 활발히 진행하고 있다 . 대표적인 사례로 미국 보스턴의 Big Dig 프로젝트, 프랑스 파리의 A86, 스페인 마드리드의 M30 등을 들 수 있다(장수호 등, 2009).터널 내 분기부의 지반 및 터널 상호간의 거동은 단선터널과는 상이하며, 병설터널의 안정성과 직접적인 관련이 있는 터널 중심간격 (C.T.C)이 무엇보다 중요한 검토요건인 만큼 필라(pillar)의 안정성 검토에 대한 연구의 필요성이 대두되고 있다 . 터널 내 분기부의 설계 시 필라의 폭은 분류 및 합류되는 각도와 상관성을 가지며, 이에 따라 도로의 선형 , 공사비, 주행성, 시공성 등에 커다란 영향을 미치고 있다 .본 연구에서는 도로터널 분기부를 대상으로 암반 필라의 거동에 대한 연구를 수행하였다 .","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125647197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-31DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.395
Jong Woo Kim, Myeong-Kyun Kim, D. Kim, Kyungmin Kim, J. Baek
Abstract In this study, a steel pipe type rockbolt manufactured from special material was developed which has high strength and lightweight characteristics. Achievement of grout filling between rockbolt and hole wall was investigated through grout injection tests. Yield force of the developed rockbolt was also examined through tensile tests, which was compared with that of the deformed bar type rockbolt. In addition, the strength and elongation properties of the developed rockbolt were investigated through pull-out tests at three domestic sites showing different RMR classes. It is finally supposed that the developed rockbolt can be suitable for the permanent tunnel support because it has high strength and high durability rather than deformed bar type rockbolt. Key words Rockbolt, Steel pipe, Deformed bar, Grout, Pull-out test초 록 본 연구에서는 특수 재질의 경량 고강도 강관 록볼트를 개발하였다 . 그라우트 주입확인시험을 실시하여 완전충전이 이루어지는지 알아보았고 인장시험을 통해 항복내하력을 조사하였으며 이를 기존의 이형봉강 록볼트와 비교하였다. 또한, RMR 분류등급이 서로 다른 국내 3개 현장에서 실시한 현장인발시험을 통해 본 록볼트의 강도 및 신장특성을 확인하였다 . 개발된 록볼트는 이형봉강 록볼트에 비해 항복내하력이 클 뿐 아니라 경량이라 취급이 용이하며, 그라우트 완전충전 효과에 따라 부식성 환경에서 내구성이 클 가능성이 있는 것으로 생각된다 .핵심어 록볼트, 강관, 이형봉강, 그라우트, 인발시험
Abstract In this study, a steel pipe type rockbolt manufactured from special material was developed which has high strength and lightweight characteristics。Achievement of grout filling between rockbolt and hole wall was investigated through grout injection tests。Yield force of the developed rockbolt was also examined through tensile tests, which was compared with that of the deformed bar type rockbolt。In addition, the strength and elongation properties of the developed rockbolt were investigated through pull-out tests at three domestic sites showing different RMR classes。It is finally supposed that the developed rockbolt can be suitable for the permanent tunnel support because It has high strength and high durability rather than deformed bar type rockbolt。Key words Rockbolt, Steel pipe, Deformed bar, Grout, Pull-out test超绿本研究开发了特殊材质的轻量高强度钢管绿螺栓。进行注浆确认试验，看是否完全充电，通过拉伸试验调查降压，并与现有的异形封钢螺栓相比较。另外，通过在RMR分类等级不同的国内3个现场进行的现场脚部试验，确认了本绿螺栓的强度及肾脏特性。开发的岳麓山博尔特异型峰强博尔特相比,不但我投降力大、轻便,操作容易,其劳特完全充电的效果在腐蚀性环境耐久性似乎是有可能的。核心语录螺栓、钢管、异型峰强劳特,他的脚考试
{"title":"A Study on the Support Characteristics of the High Strength Lightweight Steel Pipe Rockbolt","authors":"Jong Woo Kim, Myeong-Kyun Kim, D. Kim, Kyungmin Kim, J. Baek","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.395","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, a steel pipe type rockbolt manufactured from special material was developed which has high strength and lightweight characteristics. Achievement of grout filling between rockbolt and hole wall was investigated through grout injection tests. Yield force of the developed rockbolt was also examined through tensile tests, which was compared with that of the deformed bar type rockbolt. In addition, the strength and elongation properties of the developed rockbolt were investigated through pull-out tests at three domestic sites showing different RMR classes. It is finally supposed that the developed rockbolt can be suitable for the permanent tunnel support because it has high strength and high durability rather than deformed bar type rockbolt. Key words Rockbolt, Steel pipe, Deformed bar, Grout, Pull-out test초 록 본 연구에서는 특수 재질의 경량 고강도 강관 록볼트를 개발하였다 . 그라우트 주입확인시험을 실시하여 완전충전이 이루어지는지 알아보았고 인장시험을 통해 항복내하력을 조사하였으며 이를 기존의 이형봉강 록볼트와 비교하였다. 또한, RMR 분류등급이 서로 다른 국내 3개 현장에서 실시한 현장인발시험을 통해 본 록볼트의 강도 및 신장특성을 확인하였다 . 개발된 록볼트는 이형봉강 록볼트에 비해 항복내하력이 클 뿐 아니라 경량이라 취급이 용이하며, 그라우트 완전충전 효과에 따라 부식성 환경에서 내구성이 클 가능성이 있는 것으로 생각된다 .핵심어 록볼트, 강관, 이형봉강, 그라우트, 인발시험","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133656093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-31DOI: 10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.386
Deok-Hwan Lee, Sung O. Choi, Chang-Oh Kim
Abstract Drilling accuracy is known to be one of the most important factors determining blasting efficiency in mining by blast operation. Therefore analysing the causes of drilling error and preparing a countermeasure for minimizing drilling error are very important for blasting efficiency and safety. In this study, causes of drilling error are analyzed with dividing them into controllable factors and uncontrollable factors, and relationship between each cause is also comprehended through field measurement and AHP analysis. Finally, effective measures to help lower the drilling error are proposed with the results from weighting analysis for each factor. Key words AHP, Drilling accuracy, Blasting accuracy, Drilling error초 록 발파를 이용한 채광작업에 있어서 천공의 정확성은 발파의 효율성을 결정할 수 있는 중요한 요소 중의 하나이며, 따라서 천공오차의 발생 원인에 대한 분석과 천공오차의 발생 정도를 줄일 수 있는 대책 마련은 발파의 효율성 및 안전성 확보에서 매우 중요하다 . 본 연구에서는 천공오차의 발생 원인을 제어가능 요인과 제어불가능 요인으로 나누어 분석하였으며 현장조사와 AHP 분석을 통하여 천공오차를 유발하는 요인들의 영향성을 살펴보았다. 또한 이들 간의 가중치 분석을 통해 천공오차를 낮출 수 있는 효과적인 대책을 제시하였다 .핵심어 계층분석기법, 천공 정확성, 발파정확도, 천공오차
Abstract Drilling accuracy is known to be one of the most important factors determining blasting efficiency in mining by blast operation。Therefore analysing the causes of drilling error and preparing a countermeasure for minimizing drilling error are very important for blasting efficiency and safety。In this study, causes of drilling error are analyzed with dividing them into controllable factors and uncontrollable factors，and relationship between each cause is also comprehended through field measurement and AHP analysis。Finally, effective measures to help lower the drilling error are proposed with the results from weighting analysis for each factor。关键words AHP、Drilling accuracy、Blasting accuracy、Drilling error超岩爆破采矿作业中，穿孔的准确性是决定爆破效率的重要因素之一;因此，对穿孔误差发生原因的分析和制定能够减少穿孔误差发生程度的对策，对确保爆破的效率性和安全性非常重要。本研究将穿孔误差的发生原因分为可控制因素和不可控制因素进行了分析，通过现场调查和AHP分析，观察了穿孔误差因素的影响。通过分析两者之间的权重值，提出了降低穿孔误差的有效对策。关键词层次分析技术，穿孔准确性，爆破准确度，穿孔误差
{"title":"Analytic Hierarchy Process Analysis on Correlation Between Drilling Error and Blasting Accuracy","authors":"Deok-Hwan Lee, Sung O. Choi, Chang-Oh Kim","doi":"10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2014.24.5.386","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drilling accuracy is known to be one of the most important factors determining blasting efficiency in mining by blast operation. Therefore analysing the causes of drilling error and preparing a countermeasure for minimizing drilling error are very important for blasting efficiency and safety. In this study, causes of drilling error are analyzed with dividing them into controllable factors and uncontrollable factors, and relationship between each cause is also comprehended through field measurement and AHP analysis. Finally, effective measures to help lower the drilling error are proposed with the results from weighting analysis for each factor. Key words AHP, Drilling accuracy, Blasting accuracy, Drilling error초 록 발파를 이용한 채광작업에 있어서 천공의 정확성은 발파의 효율성을 결정할 수 있는 중요한 요소 중의 하나이며, 따라서 천공오차의 발생 원인에 대한 분석과 천공오차의 발생 정도를 줄일 수 있는 대책 마련은 발파의 효율성 및 안전성 확보에서 매우 중요하다 . 본 연구에서는 천공오차의 발생 원인을 제어가능 요인과 제어불가능 요인으로 나누어 분석하였으며 현장조사와 AHP 분석을 통하여 천공오차를 유발하는 요인들의 영향성을 살펴보았다. 또한 이들 간의 가중치 분석을 통해 천공오차를 낮출 수 있는 효과적인 대책을 제시하였다 .핵심어 계층분석기법, 천공 정확성, 발파정확도, 천공오차","PeriodicalId":437780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Society for Rock Mechanics","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128738910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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