An Ag nanoparticles immobilized heterogeneous composite (Ag/GO-NH2) was synthesized by anchoring nitrogen-containing small molecule onto graphene. The prepared Ag/GO-NH2 was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM, identifying its structure and composition. Remarkably, the Ag/GO-NH2 composite emerged as a heterogeneous catalyst, they can promote the multi-component aminophosphinoylation of benzyl alcohols with amines and H-phosphine oxides. This heterogeneous catalytic system demonstrated good functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope, affording various α-aminophosphine oxides in good yields. Additionally, the nanocatalyst can be recovered and reused without significant decrease performance of the reaction. It offers an alternative and promising strategy for the heterogeneous synthesis of α-aminophosphine oxides.