The Web, as initially presented to the world, provided a mechanism to get static content onto millions of computers. The straightforward HTML encoding for describing pages is simple enough that billions of pages have been created by perhaps millions of people. Numerous tools have been written to aid this process, again testifying to the simplicity of HTML. Humans being the demanding creates that they are, almost immediately wanted more automated ways to create dynamic content. A plethora of languages sprang up to meet this need including Java and Javascript as well as techniques to integrate existing general purpose languages (C, Perl) with HTML. This created what I refer to as the World Wide Train Wreck. Web-based applications each having parts implemented, by necessity, in a different language. The corresponding poor coupling and chaotic interconnections of these applications is a programming nightmare reminiscent of a train wreck.
{"title":"The World Wide Train Wreck: is there light at the end of the tunnel?","authors":"C. Fry","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995262","url":null,"abstract":"The Web, as initially presented to the world, provided a mechanism to get static content onto millions of computers. The straightforward HTML encoding for describing pages is simple enough that billions of pages have been created by perhaps millions of people. Numerous tools have been written to aid this process, again testifying to the simplicity of HTML. Humans being the demanding creates that they are, almost immediately wanted more automated ways to create dynamic content. A plethora of languages sprang up to meet this need including Java and Javascript as well as techniques to integrate existing general purpose languages (C, Perl) with HTML. This created what I refer to as the World Wide Train Wreck. Web-based applications each having parts implemented, by necessity, in a different language. The corresponding poor coupling and chaotic interconnections of these applications is a programming nightmare reminiscent of a train wreck.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121797680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding a program's behavior is of major importance for software developers, especially for program analysis activities. This fact is further pushed by ever more complex applications, increasing the demand for corresponding tool support. A solution to this problem is visualization, where the multi-dimensional relations of executing programs are expressed by some means of computer graphics or related multimedia techniques. An example for a truly human-centric environment is the activity tunnel, which tries to illustrate the activity of parallel programs during execution. The central metaphor of this approach is to let the user "feel the program". This effect is aspired by 3-dimensional visualization and corresponding sound stimuli within the CAVE Virtual Reality environment.
{"title":"The activity tunnel - an experiment for improved understanding of program behavior","authors":"D. Kranzlmüller, B. Reitinger, J. Volkert","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995287","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding a program's behavior is of major importance for software developers, especially for program analysis activities. This fact is further pushed by ever more complex applications, increasing the demand for corresponding tool support. A solution to this problem is visualization, where the multi-dimensional relations of executing programs are expressed by some means of computer graphics or related multimedia techniques. An example for a truly human-centric environment is the activity tunnel, which tries to illustrate the activity of parallel programs during execution. The central metaphor of this approach is to let the user \"feel the program\". This effect is aspired by 3-dimensional visualization and corresponding sound stimuli within the CAVE Virtual Reality environment.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115154442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the Ptolemy II framework that supportsthe visual modeling and design of heterogeneous systems.Models in this framework are structured ashierarchical clustered graphs. The framework provides theinfrastructure to support the implementation of a variety ofmodels of computation as domains. Heterogeneous systemsare modeled by hierarchically combining different domains.We describe the implementation of the *charts formalism (ageneralization of Statecharts) in Ptolemy II as an illustrationof the flexibility of this approach.
{"title":"The ptolemy II framework for visual languages","authors":"Xiaojun Liu, Yuhong Xiong, Edward A. Lee","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995235","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the Ptolemy II framework that supportsthe visual modeling and design of heterogeneous systems.Models in this framework are structured ashierarchical clustered graphs. The framework provides theinfrastructure to support the implementation of a variety ofmodels of computation as domains. Heterogeneous systemsare modeled by hierarchically combining different domains.We describe the implementation of the *charts formalism (ageneralization of Statecharts) in Ptolemy II as an illustrationof the flexibility of this approach.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114937745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes a visual environment generator, the VLPEG system, based on the Symbol Relation Grammar model. The system exploits a classification of visual languages in terms of graphical symbols and the relationships among them. For each class a lexical analyzer is able to interpret the physical layout of any drawn visual sentence and to provide a corresponding high level representation. Thanks to this capability the visual language designer may disregard the physical features and specify the language at a high abstraction level. VLPEG supports the rapid prototyping of visual environments and offers the designer the possibility to operate in automatic generation mode, by exploiting a grammar inference module. This capability allows the designer to focus on the structural features of the target language and quickly receive feedback from the customer during the language prototyping process.
{"title":"A system for rapid prototyping of visual language environments","authors":"F. Ferrucci, G. Tortora, M. Tucci, G. Vitiello","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995295","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a visual environment generator, the VLPEG system, based on the Symbol Relation Grammar model. The system exploits a classification of visual languages in terms of graphical symbols and the relationships among them. For each class a lexical analyzer is able to interpret the physical layout of any drawn visual sentence and to provide a corresponding high level representation. Thanks to this capability the visual language designer may disregard the physical features and specify the language at a high abstraction level. VLPEG supports the rapid prototyping of visual environments and offers the designer the possibility to operate in automatic generation mode, by exploiting a grammar inference module. This capability allows the designer to focus on the structural features of the target language and quickly receive feedback from the customer during the language prototyping process.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122790094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In some cases, end-user programming allows the design of stand-alone applications. But none of the existing approaches is concerned by safety aspects of programming. Heavy techniques exist to develop safe applications, particularly in non-interactive domains. They involve software engineering techniques, and sometimes, formal methods. All these techniques are very far from end-users. Our idea is to let this part to experts, and to connect end-user programming onto this safe conventional development. Starting from an existing functional core, we built an interactive end-user programming environment called GenBuild, which allows designing interactive stand-alone applications. GenBuild allows the verification of some properties that are a first step towards the development of safe end-user programming.
{"title":"Bringing robustness to end-user programming","authors":"Mickaël Baron, P. Girard","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995252","url":null,"abstract":"In some cases, end-user programming allows the design of stand-alone applications. But none of the existing approaches is concerned by safety aspects of programming. Heavy techniques exist to develop safe applications, particularly in non-interactive domains. They involve software engineering techniques, and sometimes, formal methods. All these techniques are very far from end-users. Our idea is to let this part to experts, and to connect end-user programming onto this safe conventional development. Starting from an existing functional core, we built an interactive end-user programming environment called GenBuild, which allows designing interactive stand-alone applications. GenBuild allows the verification of some properties that are a first step towards the development of safe end-user programming.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134211368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daisuke Toyama, Masumi Kakimoto, A. Yoshitaka, M. Hirakawa
Current forms of Web browsers do not adequately reflect the current situation of explosive increase of Web space. The user is still forced to access the Web space page by page. We propose a Web browsing method based on communities. A community is a collection of Web sites which are related to each other. Unlike the conventional page-oriented search engines/browsers, the proposed interactive visualization system enables the user to see not only the related Web sites but also communities in exploring the ever growing Web space. This helps him/her to grasp an overall structure of the target space. Results of a user test shows that the system is powerful and useful.
{"title":"A community-based Web browsing system","authors":"Daisuke Toyama, Masumi Kakimoto, A. Yoshitaka, M. Hirakawa","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995280","url":null,"abstract":"Current forms of Web browsers do not adequately reflect the current situation of explosive increase of Web space. The user is still forced to access the Web space page by page. We propose a Web browsing method based on communities. A community is a collection of Web sites which are related to each other. Unlike the conventional page-oriented search engines/browsers, the proposed interactive visualization system enables the user to see not only the related Web sites but also communities in exploring the ever growing Web space. This helps him/her to grasp an overall structure of the target space. Results of a user test shows that the system is powerful and useful.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124350247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic data interchange (EDI) systems are used in many domains to support inter-organisational information exchange. These systems require complex message translation, where data must be transformed from one EDI message format into another. We describe a visual language and support environment which greatly simplify the task of the systems integrator by using a domain-specific visual language to express translations.
{"title":"A visual language and environment for EDI message translation","authors":"J. Grundy, R. Mugridge, J. Hosking, P. Kendall","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995282","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic data interchange (EDI) systems are used in many domains to support inter-organisational information exchange. These systems require complex message translation, where data must be transformed from one EDI message format into another. We describe a visual language and support environment which greatly simplify the task of the systems integrator by using a domain-specific visual language to express translations.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122416532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen Farrell, P. Maglio, Christopher S. Campbell
We have developed a virtual fish tank in which computer users are represented by animated fish. The actions and interactions of the fish in the tank are meant to reflect the actions of users in the real world. Our first attempt at creating a programming environment that allowed people to customize their own fish did not work very well because users did not want to explicitly write programs to control their fish. Maintaining the fish tank metaphor, we attempted to solve this problem by having users teach fish rather than write code. We borrowed ideas from the literature on programming by demonstration and developed a method of programming by conditioning in which users. demonstrate behaviors and also reward (or feed) fish that are behaving appropriately. Rewards give users the ability to define highlevel behaviors (sets of specific movements) and complex relationships between situations and responses.
{"title":"How to teach a fish to swim [virtual fish tank]","authors":"Stephen Farrell, P. Maglio, Christopher S. Campbell","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995254","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a virtual fish tank in which computer users are represented by animated fish. The actions and interactions of the fish in the tank are meant to reflect the actions of users in the real world. Our first attempt at creating a programming environment that allowed people to customize their own fish did not work very well because users did not want to explicitly write programs to control their fish. Maintaining the fish tank metaphor, we attempted to solve this problem by having users teach fish rather than write code. We borrowed ideas from the literature on programming by demonstration and developed a method of programming by conditioning in which users. demonstrate behaviors and also reward (or feed) fish that are behaving appropriately. Rewards give users the ability to define highlevel behaviors (sets of specific movements) and complex relationships between situations and responses.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128740987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents partial results from a case study of a full application of end user programming in an industrial product Research & Development (R&D) organization. Scientists and engineers developing large industrial machines built all application software, with programmers (including the author) in a support role In interviews, the project team and its managers described a sophisticated and complex integration of programming into their work activities, similar to those described in other end user programming environments.
{"title":"End user programming in an industrial Research & Development group","authors":"H. Goodell","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995266","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents partial results from a case study of a full application of end user programming in an industrial product Research & Development (R&D) organization. Scientists and engineers developing large industrial machines built all application software, with programmers (including the author) in a support role In interviews, the project team and its managers described a sophisticated and complex integration of programming into their work activities, similar to those described in other end user programming environments.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124611430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction of reliable reactive systems is considered to be one of the most challenging goals in the fields of software and system engineering. The definition of a reactive system suits biological systems at different levels, ranging from gene networks, developing embryos and the immune system. We report here the application of a tool developed for constructing computerized systems to the modeling and analysis of a biological system, the immune system. We use the language of statecharts within the framework of object-oriented modeling. The results described here indicate that this modeling strategy can contribute to the transition of biology from the phase of analysis to the phase of synthesis.
{"title":"The immune system as a reactive system: modeling T cell activation with statecharts","authors":"Na'aman Kam, I. Cohen, D. Harel","doi":"10.1109/HCC.2001.995228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HCC.2001.995228","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of reliable reactive systems is considered to be one of the most challenging goals in the fields of software and system engineering. The definition of a reactive system suits biological systems at different levels, ranging from gene networks, developing embryos and the immune system. We report here the application of a tool developed for constructing computerized systems to the modeling and analysis of a biological system, the immune system. We use the language of statecharts within the framework of object-oriented modeling. The results described here indicate that this modeling strategy can contribute to the transition of biology from the phase of analysis to the phase of synthesis.","PeriodicalId":438014,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Symposia on Human-Centric Computing Languages and Environments (Cat. No.01TH8587)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127602748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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